致密砂岩气藏有效砂体规模及气井开发指标评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组气藏为例
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摘要
新层系有效砂体规模尺度不明确及作为新投产气田尚缺乏系统的开发指标评价体系是面临的两大问题.本文以储集层地质特征为基础,从静、动态结合角度出发,综合利用野外露头测量、密井区地质解剖、不稳定试井边界探测及生产动态泄流半径分析等手段,系统论证神木气田有效砂体规模尺度,提出气田合理的开发井网;以压降法和产量不稳定分析法为基础评价气井动态控制储量并建立低渗-致密气藏气井动态储量变化趋势图版加以修正;综合静态储层物性参数、生产测试及产能试井解释交汇分析,回归建立适合目标气藏的产能计算公式;指示曲线、合理生产压差及数值模拟相结合确定气井合理的生产制度.研究结果表明:神木气田太原组气藏有效砂体宽度范围452~650m,长度范围678~1 000m,合理的开发井网为600m×800m;形成了以动态控制储量、无阻流量、稳产3a合理配产3项关键指标为基础的分类气井开发指标综合评价体系,明确了气井的开发潜力,该评价成果可为气田实现"规模建产、高效开发"提供技术支撑.
The uncertainty of effective sand body scale for the new production formation and the absence of a producing index evaluation system for the new gas field are two key problems.Based on the reservoir geological characteristics,from the perspective of static and dynamic combination,the effective sand body scale was analyzed by methods such as outcrop measurement,dense well pattern geological dissection,transient well-testing boundary interpretation and production dynamic discharge radius analysis.And then the reasonable development well pattern was proposed.Dynamic control reserve was calculated by pressure-dropping and pro-duction transient analysis and also modified by dynamic reserve change trend chart of low permeability and tight gas reservoir.Convenient deliverability equation for the study area was established by convergence analysis of reservoir parameters,production test and deliverability test.Reasonable production rate was determined by indicating curve,producing pressure drop method combined with numerical simulation.Study results show that for the Taiyuan formation in Shenmu gas field,the effective sand body width is ranged from 452 to 650 m,while the length is ranged from 678 to 1 000 m,and the reasonable development well pattern is 600 m×800 m.A development index comprehensive evaluation system of gas well classification was formed based on three key indexes including dynamic control reserve,open flow potential and reasonable production allocation for three years stable-producing,and then the development potential of gas wells was clearly demonstrated.The research result can provide technical support for the realization of commercial productivity construction and efficient gas field development.
The uncertainty of effective sand body scale for the new production formation and the absence of a producing index evaluation system for the new gas field are two key problems.Based on the reservoir geological characteristics,from the perspective of static and dynamic combination,the effective sand body scale was analyzed by methods such as outcrop measurement,dense well pattern geological dissection,transient well-testing boundary interpretation and production dynamic discharge radius analysis.And then the reasonable development well pattern was proposed.Dynamic control reserve was calculated by pressure-dropping and pro-duction transient analysis and also modified by dynamic reserve change trend chart of low permeability and tight gas reservoir.Convenient deliverability equation for the study area was established by convergence analysis of reservoir parameters,production test and deliverability test.Reasonable production rate was determined by indicating curve,producing pressure drop method combined with numerical simulation.Study results show that for the Taiyuan formation in Shenmu gas field,the effective sand body width is ranged from 452 to 650 m,while the length is ranged from 678 to 1 000 m,and the reasonable development well pattern is 600 m×800 m.A development index comprehensive evaluation system of gas well classification was formed based on three key indexes including dynamic control reserve,open flow potential and reasonable production allocation for three years stable-producing,and then the development potential of gas wells was clearly demonstrated.The research result can provide technical support for the realization of commercial productivity construction and efficient gas field development.
引文
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[10]贾爱林,程立华.数字化精细油藏描述程序方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):709-715.JIA Ailin,CHENG Lihua.The technique of digital detailed reservoir characterization[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):709-715.
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[18]聂仁仕,贾永禄,朱水桥,等.水平井不稳定试井与产量递减分析新方法[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):123-127.NIE Renshi,JIA Yonglu,ZHU Shuiqiao,et al.Anew method for transient well test of horizontal wells and the analysis of the production decline[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(1):123-127.
[19]何东博,王丽娟,冀光,等.苏里格致密砂岩气田开发井距优化[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):458-464.HE Dongbo,WANG Lijuan,JI Guang,et al.Well spacing optimization for Sulige tight sand gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):458-464.
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[21]刘琦,罗平亚,孙雷,等.苏里格气田苏五区块天然气动态储量的计算[J].天然气工业,2012,32(6):46-49.LIU Qi,LUO Pingya,SUN Lei,et al.Calculation of dynamic gas reserves in Block SU-5of the Sulige gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(6):46-49.
[2]周拓,周兆华,谷江瑞,等.神木气田二叠系气藏有利区预测[J].东北石油大学学报,2013,37(1):38-44.ZHOU Tuo,ZHOU Zhaohua,GU Jiangrui,et al.Prediction of favorable areas for Permian gas reservoir in Shenmu gas field[J].Journal Northeast Petroleum University,2013,37(1):38-44.
[3]兰朝利,张永忠,张君峰,等.神木气田太原组储层特征及其控制因素[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(1):7-12.LAN Chaoli,ZHANG Yongzhong,ZHANG Junfeng,et al.Reservoir characteristics of upper carboniferousTaiyuan formation in Shenmu gas field and their controlling factors[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2010,25(1):7-12.
[4]杨明慧,刘池洋,兰朝利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘晚古生代陆表海含煤岩系层序地层研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(6):1005-1013.YANG Minghui,LIU Chiyang,LAN Chaoli,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of late Paleozoic coal-bearing measures in northeastern Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(6):1005-1013.
[5]付金华,魏新善,任军峰.伊陕斜坡上古生界大面积岩性气藏分布与成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):664-667.FU Jinhua,WEI Xinshan,REN Junfeng.Distribution and genesis of large-scale upper Palaeozoic lithologic gas reservoirs on Yi-Shaan slope[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):664-667.
[6]席胜利,李文厚,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区下二叠统太原组浅水三角洲沉积特征[J].古地理学报,2009,11(2):187-194.XI Shengli,LI Wenhou,LIU Xinshe,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of shallow water delta of the lower Permian Taiyuan formation in Shenmu area,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Paleogeography,2009,11(2):187-194.
[7]刘群明,唐海发,吕志凯,等.鄂东致密气水下分流河道复合体储层构型布井技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):951-958.LIU Qunming,TANGHaifa,LZhikai,et al.Well deployment technique for composite subwater distributary channel sand body reservoir architecture of Edong tight gas[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):951-958.
[8]兰朝利,张君峰,陶维祥,等.鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组沉积特征与演化[J].地质学报,2011,85(4):534-541.LAN Chaoli,ZHANG Junfeng,TAO Weixiang.Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of the upper Carboniferous Taiyuan formation,Shenmu Gasfield,northeastern Ordos basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(4):534-541.
[9]蒙晓灵,张宏波,冯强汉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田二叠系太原组天然气成藏条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):37-41.MENG Xiaoling,ZHANG Hongbo,FENG Qianghan,et al.Gas accumulation conditions of the Permian Taiyuan formation in Shenmu gas field,Ordos basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(1):37-41.
[10]贾爱林,程立华.数字化精细油藏描述程序方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):709-715.JIA Ailin,CHENG Lihua.The technique of digital detailed reservoir characterization[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):709-715.
[11]KUUSKRAA V A.Tight gas sands development:How to dramatically improve recovery efficiency[J].Gas TIPS,2004,10(1):15-20.
[12]FETKOVICH M J,VIENOT M E,BRADLEY MD,et a1.Decline-curve analysis using type curves case histories[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1987,2(4):637-656.
[13]FRAIM M L,WATTENBARGER R A.Gas reservoir decline:curve analysis using type curves with real gas pseudo pressure and normalized time[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1987,2(4):671-682.
[14]BLASINGAME T A,MCCRAY T L,LEE W J,et a1.Decline curve analysis for variable pressure drop/variable flow rate systems[C/OL]//Paper SPE 21513presented at SPE Gas Technology Symposi-um.Houston:SPE,1991[2017-11-30].https://doi.org/10.2118/21513-MS.
[15]AGARWAL R G,GARDNER D C,KLEIN-STEIBER S W,et a1.Analyzing well production data using combined type curve and decline curve analysis concepts[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,1998,2(5):478-486.
[16]庄惠农.气藏动态描述和试井[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:17-38.ZHUANG Huinong.The dynamic description and well test in gas reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:17-38.
[17]刘能强.实用现代试井解释方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:28-55.LIU Nengqiang.The practical modern well test interpretation method[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:28-55.
[18]聂仁仕,贾永禄,朱水桥,等.水平井不稳定试井与产量递减分析新方法[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):123-127.NIE Renshi,JIA Yonglu,ZHU Shuiqiao,et al.Anew method for transient well test of horizontal wells and the analysis of the production decline[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(1):123-127.
[19]何东博,王丽娟,冀光,等.苏里格致密砂岩气田开发井距优化[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):458-464.HE Dongbo,WANG Lijuan,JI Guang,et al.Well spacing optimization for Sulige tight sand gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):458-464.
[20]郭奇,陈开远,李祯.低渗透气藏合理动态储量计算方法[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):113-115.GUO Qi,CHEN Kaiyuan,LI Zhen.Reasonable calculation method of dynamic reserves for low permeability reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(1):113-115.
[21]刘琦,罗平亚,孙雷,等.苏里格气田苏五区块天然气动态储量的计算[J].天然气工业,2012,32(6):46-49.LIU Qi,LUO Pingya,SUN Lei,et al.Calculation of dynamic gas reserves in Block SU-5of the Sulige gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(6):46-49.