基于POI数据的合肥城市休闲功能区空间分布及评价研究
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摘要
当下城市的休闲功能需求日益突出,文章通过对合肥市区的POI数据进行收集和梳理,借助ArcGIS软件对其进行核密度分析,并利用Yaahp层次分析法软件对各类休闲设施的权重进行计算。通过最终综合叠加分析,对市区总体的城市休闲功能空间分布特征进行研究,发现市区休闲功能区存在分布不均衡、休闲功能单一等现状问题。基于研究结果,对合肥城市休闲功能区规划提出多级发展、完善休闲功能区体系和打造特色休闲功能区的建议。
With the development of the social economy, leisure has become an important part of people's life after meeting their basic survival needs. The urban leisure function has come to play an increasingly significant role. Up to date, with enormous contributions of big data technology in urban and rural planning and research, more research methods and data support are provided for relevant urban researchers. Among them, urban interest points have been gradually applied to scientific research as point-like geospatial data representing real geographic entities, which mainly contain spatial and attribute information of these geographic entities.Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province, is located in the central part of Anhui Province and is a sub-central city of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Based on the collection and sorting of POI data in Hefei urban area, this paper selected six representative leisure f unction t y pes ser ving residents and tourists, namely, catering, commercial ser vice,entertainment, sports and fitness, hotels and scenic spots. In this study, POI data were obtained from Amap. The time node is February 2017. According to the types of urban leisure functions, a total of 131 503 pieces of data were crawled.With the help of GIS software, nuclear density analysis was carried out on the data, and the spatial distribution features of various leisure function types have been studied. It was found that the most densely populated areas for hotels are areas with urban transportation hub and core business districts. In addition, areas with a large f loating population, such as university town and the center of the new city zone tend to become the secondary hotel dense area. Catering and entertainment facilities are multi-core distributed in Hefei urban area, which is the central area and densely populated area of residents' activities in each area. The layout of commercial service facilities in Hefei is relatively uniform, with many small core areas,forming a commercial service space network system featuring multiple levels in Hefei urban area. Fitness facilities in Hefei as a whole show an average distribution and the total number is relatively small. POI of scenic spots is the least in number, which mainly concentrated in the park around city. The rest are scattered, with a certain traffic distance between them, thus their spatial layout has certain randomness.According to the various types of urban leisure facilities, the previous study was based on six categories. On the basis of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), a single-level model can be constructed to judge the relative importance and evaluation weight of each element. Yaahp is a software with the analytic hierarchy process to assist modeling and calculation. In this paper, a single-level leisure function evaluation model was built through this software, and the weights of various leisure facilities were calculated. The final result showed that the maximum proportion of leisure facilities was 0.32, followed by 0.25 for scenic spots, and the minimum weight was for commercial services and hotels.Based on the above research and the final comprehensive superposition analysis with GIS software, the spatial distribution characteristics of the overall urban leisure function have been studied. It was found that the urban leisure function in Hefei is still dominated by the old downtown,where plenty of traditional commercial districts, various entertainment and scenic tourism resources are clustered. The secondary leisure function core area is the area with a large floating population, mainly represented by Hefei railway station, bus station and other transportation hubs and the vicinity of urban colleges and universities. Some areas far away from the urban area, due to the traffic, are separated from the radiation range of the leisure function area in the city center, and gradually form the leisure function core area in the core of their own, such as the central area of the university town and the center of Binhu New Town.Considering the above results, we can see the main problems existing in the distribution of leisure functional areas at present. First, the overall distribution is extremely uneven, and the distribution of leisure functional areas in urban areas is mainly concentrated in the park around city.Second, there are not many types of leisure functions, most of them are commercial service and entertainment facilities, while leisure resources such as sports and fitness as well as scenic spots, which account for a high weight in the evaluation system of leisure functions, are relatively few.Third, the development of urban leisure tourism function resources like scenic spots is insufficient.Given the above research and conclusion, this paper has put forward the planning suggestions for urban leisure functional areas in Hefei: 1.Reasonable planning of urban leisure functional areas to promote the multi-level balanced development; 2. Sorting out urban leisure elements to enhance the urban leisure functional system; 3. Taking advantage of superior resources to create characteristic leisure functional areas.
With the development of the social economy, leisure has become an important part of people's life after meeting their basic survival needs. The urban leisure function has come to play an increasingly significant role. Up to date, with enormous contributions of big data technology in urban and rural planning and research, more research methods and data support are provided for relevant urban researchers. Among them, urban interest points have been gradually applied to scientific research as point-like geospatial data representing real geographic entities, which mainly contain spatial and attribute information of these geographic entities.Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province, is located in the central part of Anhui Province and is a sub-central city of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Based on the collection and sorting of POI data in Hefei urban area, this paper selected six representative leisure f unction t y pes ser ving residents and tourists, namely, catering, commercial ser vice,entertainment, sports and fitness, hotels and scenic spots. In this study, POI data were obtained from Amap. The time node is February 2017. According to the types of urban leisure functions, a total of 131 503 pieces of data were crawled.With the help of GIS software, nuclear density analysis was carried out on the data, and the spatial distribution features of various leisure function types have been studied. It was found that the most densely populated areas for hotels are areas with urban transportation hub and core business districts. In addition, areas with a large f loating population, such as university town and the center of the new city zone tend to become the secondary hotel dense area. Catering and entertainment facilities are multi-core distributed in Hefei urban area, which is the central area and densely populated area of residents' activities in each area. The layout of commercial service facilities in Hefei is relatively uniform, with many small core areas,forming a commercial service space network system featuring multiple levels in Hefei urban area. Fitness facilities in Hefei as a whole show an average distribution and the total number is relatively small. POI of scenic spots is the least in number, which mainly concentrated in the park around city. The rest are scattered, with a certain traffic distance between them, thus their spatial layout has certain randomness.According to the various types of urban leisure facilities, the previous study was based on six categories. On the basis of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), a single-level model can be constructed to judge the relative importance and evaluation weight of each element. Yaahp is a software with the analytic hierarchy process to assist modeling and calculation. In this paper, a single-level leisure function evaluation model was built through this software, and the weights of various leisure facilities were calculated. The final result showed that the maximum proportion of leisure facilities was 0.32, followed by 0.25 for scenic spots, and the minimum weight was for commercial services and hotels.Based on the above research and the final comprehensive superposition analysis with GIS software, the spatial distribution characteristics of the overall urban leisure function have been studied. It was found that the urban leisure function in Hefei is still dominated by the old downtown,where plenty of traditional commercial districts, various entertainment and scenic tourism resources are clustered. The secondary leisure function core area is the area with a large floating population, mainly represented by Hefei railway station, bus station and other transportation hubs and the vicinity of urban colleges and universities. Some areas far away from the urban area, due to the traffic, are separated from the radiation range of the leisure function area in the city center, and gradually form the leisure function core area in the core of their own, such as the central area of the university town and the center of Binhu New Town.Considering the above results, we can see the main problems existing in the distribution of leisure functional areas at present. First, the overall distribution is extremely uneven, and the distribution of leisure functional areas in urban areas is mainly concentrated in the park around city.Second, there are not many types of leisure functions, most of them are commercial service and entertainment facilities, while leisure resources such as sports and fitness as well as scenic spots, which account for a high weight in the evaluation system of leisure functions, are relatively few.Third, the development of urban leisure tourism function resources like scenic spots is insufficient.Given the above research and conclusion, this paper has put forward the planning suggestions for urban leisure functional areas in Hefei: 1.Reasonable planning of urban leisure functional areas to promote the multi-level balanced development; 2. Sorting out urban leisure elements to enhance the urban leisure functional system; 3. Taking advantage of superior resources to create characteristic leisure functional areas.
引文
[1]陈玉英.城市休闲功能扩展与提升研究[D].开封:河南大学,2009.CHENG Y Y.The research on extension and reinforcement of urban leisure functions[D].Kaifeng:Henan University,2009.
[2]COLEY R L,SULLIVAN W C,KUO F E.Where Does Community Grow?The Social Context Created by Nature in Urban Public Housing[J].Environment&Behavior,1997,29(4):468-494.
[3]LLOYD K,AULD C.Leisure,public space and quality of life in the urban environment[J].Urban Policy&Research,2003,21(4):339-356.
[4]SEELAND K,DU BENDORFER S,HANSMANN R.Making friends in Zurich’s urban forests and parks:the role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures[J].Forest Policy&Economics,2009,11(1):10-17.
[5]LYNCH K,HACK G.Site Planning,Third Edition[M].Cambridge:The MIT Press,1984.
[6]吕宁,黄晓波.城市休闲的功能性研究--以北京建设世界旅游目的地为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(3):99-105.LYU N,HUANG X B.Study on the function of city leisure:A case study of constructing world tourism destination in Beijing[J].Urban Development Studies,2014,21(3):99-105.
[7]朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧,等.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1215-1228.ZHU H,LIU J M,TAO H,et al.Temporalspatial pattern and contributing factors of urban RBDs in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(8):1215-1228.
[8]孙宗耀,翟秀娟,孙希华,等.基于POI数据的生活设施空间分布及配套情况研究--以济南市内五区为例[J].地理信息世界,2017,24(1):65-70.SUN Z Y,ZHAI X J,SUN X H,et al.Study on spatial distribution and matching situation of living facilities based on POI:Taking Five Districts of Ji’nan as a Case[J].Geomatics World,2017,24(1):65-70.
[9]池娇,焦利民,董婷,等.基于POI数据的城市功能区定量识别及其可视化[J].测绘地理信息,2016,41(2):68-73.CHI J,JIAO L M,DONG T,et al.Quantitative identification and visualization of urban functional area based on POI Data[J].Journal of Geomatics,2016,41(2):68-73.
[10]崔真真,黄晓春,何莲娜,等.基于POI数据的城市生活便利度指数研究[J].地理信息世界,2016,23(3):27-33.CUI Z Z,HUANG X C,HE L N,et al.Study on urban life convenience index based on POIData[J].Geomatics World,2016,23(3):27-33.
[11]陈蔚珊,柳林,梁育填.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(4):703-716.CHEN W S,LIU L,LIANG Y T.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(4):703-716.
[12]王法辉.基于GIS的数量方法与应用[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.WANG F H.Quantitative method and application based on GIS[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press,2009.
[13]宋晓英,李仁杰,傅学庆,等.基于GIS的蔚县乡村聚落空间格局演化与驱动机制分析[J].人文地理,2015,30(3):79-84.SONG X Y,LI R J,FU X Q,et al.The spatial pattern evolution and driving mechanism analysis of Yuxian rural settlements based on GIS[J].Human Geography,2015,30(3):79-84.
[14]刘锐,胡伟平,王红亮,等.基于核密度估计的广佛都市区路网演变分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):81-86.LIU R,HU W P,WANG H L,et al.The Road Network Evolution of Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area Based on Kernel Density Estimation[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(1):81-86.
[15]萨蒂T L.层次分析法[M].许树柏,译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998:50-52.SAATY T L.Analytical Hierarchy Process[M].Translated by XU S b.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1988.
[16]彭晓鹃,赵克飞.基于GIS的山地城镇空间拓展土地适宜性评价--以大埔县为例[J].热带地理,2013,33(4):480-488.PENG X J,ZHAO K F.Land use suitability evaluation on spatial development of the mountain towns based on GIS:A case study of Dabu,Guangdong[J].Tropical Geography,2013,33(4):480-488.
[2]COLEY R L,SULLIVAN W C,KUO F E.Where Does Community Grow?The Social Context Created by Nature in Urban Public Housing[J].Environment&Behavior,1997,29(4):468-494.
[3]LLOYD K,AULD C.Leisure,public space and quality of life in the urban environment[J].Urban Policy&Research,2003,21(4):339-356.
[4]SEELAND K,DU BENDORFER S,HANSMANN R.Making friends in Zurich’s urban forests and parks:the role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures[J].Forest Policy&Economics,2009,11(1):10-17.
[5]LYNCH K,HACK G.Site Planning,Third Edition[M].Cambridge:The MIT Press,1984.
[6]吕宁,黄晓波.城市休闲的功能性研究--以北京建设世界旅游目的地为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(3):99-105.LYU N,HUANG X B.Study on the function of city leisure:A case study of constructing world tourism destination in Beijing[J].Urban Development Studies,2014,21(3):99-105.
[7]朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧,等.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1215-1228.ZHU H,LIU J M,TAO H,et al.Temporalspatial pattern and contributing factors of urban RBDs in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(8):1215-1228.
[8]孙宗耀,翟秀娟,孙希华,等.基于POI数据的生活设施空间分布及配套情况研究--以济南市内五区为例[J].地理信息世界,2017,24(1):65-70.SUN Z Y,ZHAI X J,SUN X H,et al.Study on spatial distribution and matching situation of living facilities based on POI:Taking Five Districts of Ji’nan as a Case[J].Geomatics World,2017,24(1):65-70.
[9]池娇,焦利民,董婷,等.基于POI数据的城市功能区定量识别及其可视化[J].测绘地理信息,2016,41(2):68-73.CHI J,JIAO L M,DONG T,et al.Quantitative identification and visualization of urban functional area based on POI Data[J].Journal of Geomatics,2016,41(2):68-73.
[10]崔真真,黄晓春,何莲娜,等.基于POI数据的城市生活便利度指数研究[J].地理信息世界,2016,23(3):27-33.CUI Z Z,HUANG X C,HE L N,et al.Study on urban life convenience index based on POIData[J].Geomatics World,2016,23(3):27-33.
[11]陈蔚珊,柳林,梁育填.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(4):703-716.CHEN W S,LIU L,LIANG Y T.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(4):703-716.
[12]王法辉.基于GIS的数量方法与应用[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.WANG F H.Quantitative method and application based on GIS[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press,2009.
[13]宋晓英,李仁杰,傅学庆,等.基于GIS的蔚县乡村聚落空间格局演化与驱动机制分析[J].人文地理,2015,30(3):79-84.SONG X Y,LI R J,FU X Q,et al.The spatial pattern evolution and driving mechanism analysis of Yuxian rural settlements based on GIS[J].Human Geography,2015,30(3):79-84.
[14]刘锐,胡伟平,王红亮,等.基于核密度估计的广佛都市区路网演变分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):81-86.LIU R,HU W P,WANG H L,et al.The Road Network Evolution of Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area Based on Kernel Density Estimation[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(1):81-86.
[15]萨蒂T L.层次分析法[M].许树柏,译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998:50-52.SAATY T L.Analytical Hierarchy Process[M].Translated by XU S b.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1988.
[16]彭晓鹃,赵克飞.基于GIS的山地城镇空间拓展土地适宜性评价--以大埔县为例[J].热带地理,2013,33(4):480-488.PENG X J,ZHAO K F.Land use suitability evaluation on spatial development of the mountain towns based on GIS:A case study of Dabu,Guangdong[J].Tropical Geography,2013,33(4):480-488.