城市空间形态与空间体验的耦合性
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摘要
通过数据模型和实证检验,采用信息辅助分析技术研究城市空间形态与空间体验的关联耦合作用.通过对13组受试者的情绪数据和GPS信息进行采集,利用空间聚类分析和热点分析确定具有显著统计学意义的有效采样点,在此基础上对其视域范围内的建筑形态指标、视域参数、视觉熵、分形维数进行了多角度研究.结果表明,空间体验受上述多种因素的综合影响,运用Logistic模型和接受者工作特性曲线(ROC)可确定关键的视域参数,模型具有较高的预测准确性.空间节点对空间体验也具有一定的影响,主要反映在空间序列以及场景转换的作用机制方面.最后,对城市空间的优化提出建议,应加强城市空间的连续性与网络化建设,指出建设与管理并重的重要性,打造宜人的城市空间.
According to data modeling and empirical study,information-aided analysis is involved to study the coupling relationship of urban form and spatial experience. Emotion data was collected using smart band and GPS( global positioning system) device for 13 subjects. Spatial cluster and hot-spot analysis are used to target the effective sampling locations. The shape indicators,isovist parameters,visual entropy,and visual fractal are analyzed from different perspectives within each defined isovist.The research results indicate that spatial experience is under comprehensive influence of multiple spatial factors above mentioned. The logistical regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC) are used for determining some key isovist parameters with relatively high prediction accuracy.Urban space nodes also exert a certain degree of influence on spatial experience through the arrangement of spatial sequence and scenario shifting. Finally,some improvement should be made for the optimization of living environment including enhancing the continuity and network of urban space. Attention should be paid both on design and management to create a pleasant urban space.
According to data modeling and empirical study,information-aided analysis is involved to study the coupling relationship of urban form and spatial experience. Emotion data was collected using smart band and GPS( global positioning system) device for 13 subjects. Spatial cluster and hot-spot analysis are used to target the effective sampling locations. The shape indicators,isovist parameters,visual entropy,and visual fractal are analyzed from different perspectives within each defined isovist.The research results indicate that spatial experience is under comprehensive influence of multiple spatial factors above mentioned. The logistical regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC) are used for determining some key isovist parameters with relatively high prediction accuracy.Urban space nodes also exert a certain degree of influence on spatial experience through the arrangement of spatial sequence and scenario shifting. Finally,some improvement should be made for the optimization of living environment including enhancing the continuity and network of urban space. Attention should be paid both on design and management to create a pleasant urban space.
引文
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[3]Dalton R,Holscher C,Peck T,et al.Judgments of building complexity&navigability in virtual reality[C]//Spatial Cognition.Portland,USA,2010:49-64.
[4]Wiener J M,Hlscher C,Büchner S,et al.Gaze behaviour during space perception and spatial decision making[J].Psychological Research,2012,76(6):713-729.
[5]Franz G,Wiener J M.From space syntax to space semantics:a behaviorally and perceptually oriented methodology for the efficient description of the geometry and topology of environments[J].Environment and Planning B Planning to Design,2008,35(4):574-592.
[6]Handy S L,Boarnet M G,Ewing R,et al.How the built environment affects physical activity[J].Views from Urban Planning Am J Prev Med,2002,23(2S):64-73.
[7]Ewing R,Handy S.Measuring the unmeasurable:urban design qualities related to w alkability[J].Journal of Urban Design,2009,14(1):65-84.
[8]Koenig R,Schneider S,Hamzi I,et al.Using geo statistical analysis to detect similarities in emotional responses of urban w alkers to urban space[C]//Sixth Internationa Conference on Design Computing and Cognition.London,UK,2014,41.
[9]姚凯南.婴儿的情绪发展及情绪障碍[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2003,11(6):389-391,393.Yao Kainan.Emotional development and obstacles of infants[J].Chinese Journal of Child Health Care,2003,11(6):389-391,393.(in Chinese)
[10]Russell J A.A circumplex model of affect[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1980,39(6):1161-1178.
[11]Tandy C R V.The isovist method of landscape survey[J].Methods of Landscape Analysis,1967,10:9-10.
[12]Benedikt M L.To take hold of space:isovists and isovist fields[J].Environment and Planning B,1979,6(1):47-65.
[13]Rock I,Palmer S.The legacy of gestalt psychology[J].Scientific American,1990,263(6):84-90.
[14]高晓昧.基于视知觉组织原则的城市设计中群组建筑实体构成的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院,2010.
[15]Shannon C E.A mathematical theory of communication[J].Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
[16]汤晓敏.景观视觉环境评价的理论、方法与应用研究[D].上海:复旦大学环境科学与工程系,2007.
[17]汤晓敏,王祥荣.景观视觉环境评价:概念、起源与发展[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2007,25(3):173-179.Tang Xiaomin,Wang Xiangrong.Landscape visual environment assessment(LVEA):concept,origin and development[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agricultural Science,2007,25(3):173-179.(in Chinese)
[18]Sato T,Matsuoka M,Takayasu H.Fractal image analysis of natural scenes and medical images[J].Fractals,1996,4(4):463-468.
[19]Mandelbrot B B,Pfeifer P,Biham O,et al.Is nature fractal?[J].Science,1998,279(5352):783,785-786.
[20]周钰.街道界面形态的量化研究[D].天津:天津大学建筑学院,2012.