微光凝视成像曝光自适应研究
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摘要
为实现高分视频卫星微光条件下对目标进行长周期凝视曝光成像,设计了适应凝视跟踪稳像姿态变化的自适应曝光周期算法.建立卫星对地实时凝视跟踪数学模型,搭建矢量映射的速度匹配曝光成像关系,利用蒙特卡洛方法对卫星三轴姿态角和姿态角速度控制准确度在微光成像曝光时间内引起的像移量进行统计计算,分析了一定姿态控制准确度下满足高分卫星微光成像的曝光周期.最后,利用灵巧验证卫星进行微光成像曝光周期自适应稳像姿态的在轨试验.结果表明,卫星姿态控制准确度分别为0.08°与0.0088°/s和0.04°与0.003°/s时,对应的成像曝光时间分别为18ms和55.2ms,通过对微光成像的目标点进行分析,曝光过程中成像目标点的实际偏差像元量小于1个像元,此偏差对成像质量影响较小,成像影像的信噪比高.
In order to realize the long period gaze exposure imaging for low-light application,an exposure period algorithm was designed to match the attitude change of gaze tracking image.Based on the mathematical model of the satellite to ground real-time gaze tracking,the velocity matching exposure imaging relations was set up.Image motion was induced by three-axis attitude angle and control accuracy of attitude angular velocity during the low-light imaging exposure period produces,and it can be calculated by using the method of the Monte Carlo.And exposure period was analyzed to meet the satellite attitude control accuracy in the low-light imaging.Finally,an on-orbit test of adaptive exposure period of low-light imaging algorithm was carried out on the smart verification satellite.Results show that:the corresponding imaging exposure time is18 ms and 55.2 ms respectively when the control accuracy of satellite attitude is 0.08°,0.0088°/s and 0.04°,0.003°/s.The actual deviation pixel of target point in the process exposure at imaging is less than 1pixel.This bias has little influence on the imaging quality and image signal-to-noise ratio.
In order to realize the long period gaze exposure imaging for low-light application,an exposure period algorithm was designed to match the attitude change of gaze tracking image.Based on the mathematical model of the satellite to ground real-time gaze tracking,the velocity matching exposure imaging relations was set up.Image motion was induced by three-axis attitude angle and control accuracy of attitude angular velocity during the low-light imaging exposure period produces,and it can be calculated by using the method of the Monte Carlo.And exposure period was analyzed to meet the satellite attitude control accuracy in the low-light imaging.Finally,an on-orbit test of adaptive exposure period of low-light imaging algorithm was carried out on the smart verification satellite.Results show that:the corresponding imaging exposure time is18 ms and 55.2 ms respectively when the control accuracy of satellite attitude is 0.08°,0.0088°/s and 0.04°,0.003°/s.The actual deviation pixel of target point in the process exposure at imaging is less than 1pixel.This bias has little influence on the imaging quality and image signal-to-noise ratio.
引文
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[15]CHEN Ding-yue,ZHOU Ren-kui,LI Ying-cai.Influence analysis of random vibration on TDI CCD carema[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2004,33(10):1247-1250.陈丁跃,周仁魁,李英才.随机振动对星载TDI CCD影响分析[J].光子学报,2004,33(10):1247-1250.
[16]FAN Chao,LI Ying-cai,YI Hong-wei.Influence analysis of buffeting on image quality of TDI CCD camera[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2007,36(9):1714-1717.樊超,李英才,易红伟.颤振对TDI CCD相机像质的影响分析[J].光子学报,2007,36(9):1714-1717.
[17]ZHANG Bo-wen,WANG Xiao-yong,HU Yong-li.Integrated analysis on effect of micro-vibration on high resolution space carema imaging[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2012,33(2):60-66.张博文,王小勇,胡永力.微振动对高分辨率空间相机成像影响的集成分析[J].航天返回与遥感,2012,33(2):60-66.
[18]ZHU Juan-juan,GUO Bao-long,FENG Zong-zhe.An electronic image stabilization method based on projection algorithm[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2005,34(8):1266-1269.朱娟娟,郭宝龙,冯宗哲.一种基于灰度投影算法的电子稳像方法[J].光子学报,2005,34(8):1266-1269.
[2]MACDOUGAL M,HOOD A,GESKE J,et al.InGaAs focal plane arrays for low light level SWIR imaging[C].SPIE,2011,8012:801221.
[3]ROWLAND D E,COLLIER M R,SIGWARTH J B,et al.Science of opportunity:heliophysics on the FASTSAT mission and STP-S26[C].Proceedings of 2011 IEEE Aerospace Conference.New York:IEEE,2011:1-12.
[4]ZHANG Liu,SUN Zhi-yuan,JIN Guang.Design of physical simulation system for TDI CCD dynamic imaging[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2011,19(3):641-650.张刘,孙志远,金光.星载TDI CCD动态成像全物理仿真系统设计[J].光学精密工程,2011,19(3):641-650.
[5]WANG Xiao-yong,LI Qi,XU Zhi-hai,et al.Real-time digital image stabilization system based on gray projection algorithm[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2006,35(8):1268-1271.汪小勇,李奇,徐之海,等.用于实时数字稳像的灰度投影算法研究[J].光子学报,2006,35(8):1268-1271.
[6]WANG Guo-fu,YU Fa-shan,WANG Xu-dong.Study of image stabilizing algorithm for airborne electro-optical trackingsystem[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2007,36(SUP):253-255.王国富,余发山,汪旭东,等.机载光电跟踪系统的电子稳像算法研究[J].光子学报,2007,36(SUP):253-255.
[7]CHEN Xue-qin,GENG Yun-hai,WANG Feng,et al.Staring imaging attitude tracking control of agile small satellite[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2012,20(5):1031-1039.陈雪芹,耿云海,王峰,等.敏捷小卫星对地凝视姿态跟踪控制[J].光学精密工程,2012,20(5):1031-1039.
[8]YANG Xiu-bin,JIANG Li,et al.Design and analysis of CMOS camera based on TDI in digital domain to realize high resolution staring-imaging[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2012,32(9):0911004.杨秀彬,姜丽,等.数字域时间延迟积分时间CMOS相机高分凝视成像设计分析[J].光学学报,2012,32(9):0911004.
[9]FENG Yu-shu,LIU Kun,ZHANG Wen-dun.Simulation of staring Imaging attitude tracking finite time control of TV Satellite[J].Journal of System Simulation,2016,28(1):226-234.冯昱澍,刘昆,张文敦.视频卫星凝视姿态跟踪有限时间控制仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2016,28(1):226-234.
[10]LIU Zhao-jun,CHEN Wei.Space applications of staring imaging technology with area FPA[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006,35(5):541-545.刘兆军,陈伟.面阵凝视型成像空间应用技术[J].红外与激光工程,2006,35(5):541-545.
[11]GUO Qiang,ZHANG Xiao-hu.Image shift compensation modeling and analysis for two-dimensional scanning on geostationary orbit[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2007,27(10):1779-1787.郭强,张晓虎.地球同步轨道二维扫描像移补偿技术建模与分析[J].光学学报,2007,27(10):1779-1787.
[12]YAN De-jie,XU Shu-yan,HAN Cheng-shan.Effect of aerocraft attitude on image motion compensation of space camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2008,16(11):2199-2203.闫得杰,徐抒岩,韩诚山.飞行器姿态对空间相机像移补偿的影响[J].光学精密工程,2008,16(11):2199-2203.
[13]XU Yong-sen,DING Ya-lin,TIAN Hai-ying.Analysis of image motion compensation accuracyfor aerial push-broom sensor[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2009,17(2):453-459.许永森,丁亚林,田海英.推扫式航空遥感器像移补偿准确度的分析[J].光学精密工程,2009,17(2):453-459.
[14]WANG Hong-juan,WANG Wei,WANG Xin,et al.Space carema image degradation induced by satellite micro-vibration[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2013,42(10):1212-1217.王红娟,王炜,王欣,等.航天器微振动对空间相机像质的影响[J].光子学报,2013,42(10):1212-1217.
[15]CHEN Ding-yue,ZHOU Ren-kui,LI Ying-cai.Influence analysis of random vibration on TDI CCD carema[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2004,33(10):1247-1250.陈丁跃,周仁魁,李英才.随机振动对星载TDI CCD影响分析[J].光子学报,2004,33(10):1247-1250.
[16]FAN Chao,LI Ying-cai,YI Hong-wei.Influence analysis of buffeting on image quality of TDI CCD camera[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2007,36(9):1714-1717.樊超,李英才,易红伟.颤振对TDI CCD相机像质的影响分析[J].光子学报,2007,36(9):1714-1717.
[17]ZHANG Bo-wen,WANG Xiao-yong,HU Yong-li.Integrated analysis on effect of micro-vibration on high resolution space carema imaging[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2012,33(2):60-66.张博文,王小勇,胡永力.微振动对高分辨率空间相机成像影响的集成分析[J].航天返回与遥感,2012,33(2):60-66.
[18]ZHU Juan-juan,GUO Bao-long,FENG Zong-zhe.An electronic image stabilization method based on projection algorithm[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2005,34(8):1266-1269.朱娟娟,郭宝龙,冯宗哲.一种基于灰度投影算法的电子稳像方法[J].光子学报,2005,34(8):1266-1269.