低轨凝视卫星动态跟踪对成像的影响分析
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摘要
为实现凝视卫星动态跟踪清晰成像,建立了卫星对地实时跟踪成像的数学模型,推导了卫星凝视跟踪成像时本体坐标系相对轨道坐标系的姿态角和角速度的变化,设计了物像位置与速度矢量映射算法,搭建了焦平面像点与地面景物点位置与速度变化的一一对应关系,结合蒙特卡洛方法统计分析了动态跟踪成像过程中卫星的姿态变化及姿态动态跟踪精度对成像的影响。最后,利用CMOS相机和小卫星姿态控制系统全物理仿真平台对凝视成像进行了仿真分析。结果表明:卫星凝视成像过程中,像面存在卫星姿态变化及姿态动态跟踪精度引起的像在探测元上的驻留时间小于探测器的积分时间,分析及仿真得出,为满足驻留时间大于或等于积分时间的要求,仿真平台动态跟踪精度优于0.002(°)/s时,可实现500 km凝视卫星2 m分辨率动态跟踪清晰成像。
In order to achieve a clear dynamic staring imaging, the imaging model of satellite real-time imaging to track the target was designed, body posture angular velocity relative orbital coordinate system were designed when satellite staring imaging, the coordinate transformation method was used to real-time compute the time of the line transfer process in the gazing, the method of Monte Carlo was used to statistical calculate the influence of imaging under the satellite 's attitude point precision and stability in the mode of staring-imaging. Finally, the CMOS prototype and the minitype three-axis air bearing table constructed for attitude control were used to simulate the digital domain CMOS staring imaging.The results show that in the satellite staring imaging process, the integration time in the image plane which caused by satellite attitude change and attitude dynamic tracking is greater than the accuracy of the detector, analysis and simulation results show, in order to meet shift of less than or equal to the detection element size requirements, simulation platform dynamic tracking accuracy better than 0.002( °)/s, can achieve satellite getting 2 m clear resolution dynamic imaging in 500 km.
In order to achieve a clear dynamic staring imaging, the imaging model of satellite real-time imaging to track the target was designed, body posture angular velocity relative orbital coordinate system were designed when satellite staring imaging, the coordinate transformation method was used to real-time compute the time of the line transfer process in the gazing, the method of Monte Carlo was used to statistical calculate the influence of imaging under the satellite 's attitude point precision and stability in the mode of staring-imaging. Finally, the CMOS prototype and the minitype three-axis air bearing table constructed for attitude control were used to simulate the digital domain CMOS staring imaging.The results show that in the satellite staring imaging process, the integration time in the image plane which caused by satellite attitude change and attitude dynamic tracking is greater than the accuracy of the detector, analysis and simulation results show, in order to meet shift of less than or equal to the detection element size requirements, simulation platform dynamic tracking accuracy better than 0.002( °)/s, can achieve satellite getting 2 m clear resolution dynamic imaging in 500 km.
引文
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[3]Qu H S,Zhang Y,Jin G.Improvement of performance for CMOS area image sensors by TDI algorithm in digital domain[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2010,18(8):1896-1903.(in Chinese)曲宏松,张叶,金光.基于数字域TDI算法改进面阵CMOS图像传感器功能[J].光学精密工程,2010,18(8):1896-1903.
[4]Pain,Bedabrata,Cunningham,et al.CMOS image sensors capable of time delayed integration[R].USA:NASA,2001.
[5]Ren huanhuan,Ruan Ping,He Jianwei,et al.Study of the radiation calibration of TDT-CCD spatial stereo camera[J].Optica Sinica,2010,30(12):3476-3480.(in Chinese)任焕焕,阮萍,何建伟,等.TDI CCD空间立体相机辐射定标研究[J].光学学报,2010,30(12):3476-3480.
[6]Gérald Lepage,Jan Bogaerts,Guy Meynants.Time-delayintegration architectures in CMOS image sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2009,56(11):2524-2532.
[7]Zhang Liang,Wang Jianyu,Jia Jianjun,et al.Design and performance of fine tracking system based on CMOS for quantum communication[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2011,38(2):05008-1-05008-5.(in Chinese)张亮,王建宇,贾建军,等.基于CMOS的量子通信精跟踪系统设计及检验[J].中国激光,2011,38(2):05008-1-05008-5.
[8]Fu Qiuyu,Lin Qingyu,Zhang Wancheng,et al.A highspeed CMOS image sensor for real-time vision chip[J].Acta optical Sinia,2011,31(8):28001.(in Chinese)付秋瑜,林清宇,张万成,等.面向实时视觉芯片的高速CMOS图像传感器[J].光学学报,2011,31(8):28001.
[9]Wang Jiaqi,Yu Ping,Yan Changxiang,et a1.Space optical remote sensor image motion velocity vector computational modeling,error budget and synthesis[J].Chin Optics Lett,2005,3(7):414-417.
[10]Yang Xiubin,He Xiaojun,Zhang Liu,et al,Effect and simulate of the deviant angle erroron TDI CCD cameras image[J].Opo-Electronic Engineering,2008,35(11):45-50.(in Chinese)杨秀彬,贺小军,张刘,等.偏流角误差对TDI CCD相机成像的影响与仿真[J].光电工程,2008,35(11):45-50.