长足大竹象产卵行为研究
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摘要
【目的】探索长足大竹象(Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guerin-Meneville)的产卵行为规律。【方法】通过室内饲养观察和视频捕捉相结合的方法,记录了长足大竹象完整的产卵过程,比较了寄主种类和生理状态对其产卵行为的影响。【结果】长足大竹象完整的产卵过程包括爬行、停留、探测、刻槽、产卵器伸出、产卵和隐藏(修饰)共7个阶段。室内试验表明,长足大竹象完整产卵时间为(69.85±1.64)min,其中爬行(25.56±0.79)s,停留(45.57±0.70)s,探测(1.19±0.03)min,刻槽(38.51±0.42)min,产卵器伸出(8.89±0.19)s,产卵(2.65±0.05)min,修饰(23.87±0.74)min。雌虫初次产卵时,在爬行、停留、探测、刻槽、产卵时间上显著高于有产卵经历的雌虫(P<0.05);除产卵器伸出和产卵的频次差异不显著外,雌虫初次产卵中其他行为的频次都显著长于再次产卵(P<0.05)。雌虫在健康竹笋上刻槽、产卵和修饰历期显著长于在受损竹笋(P<0.05),而在健康竹笋上各行为的频次均高于受损竹笋的相应阶段(P<0.05)。长足大竹象在不同种类竹笋上的产卵时间存在差异,在慈竹上,雌虫的爬行、停留、探测历期明显短于其余4种竹类(P<0.05),而刻槽历期最长((39.37±0.54)min)(P<0.05)。室内观察发现长足大竹象在第3至9天之间达到产卵高峰期。【结论】长足大竹象产卵行为受产卵经历的影响,在不同寄主上的产卵行为差异显著。
【Objective】This study aimed to explore the patterns of oviposition behavior of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti GuerinMeneville. 【Method】We examined the complete oviposition process through laboratory rearing and video recording,and then compared the effects of different species and physiological status of hosts on oviposition behavior. 【Result】The results showed that the complete oviposition process of C. buqueti included creeping,inactivity,probing,gnawing nidus,ovipositor protrusion,oviposition,and hiding. In the laboratory,the complete oviposition process was observed to last for( 69. 85± 1. 64) min. The duration of the component behaviors of the oviposition process were as follows: creeping( 25. 56± 0. 79) s; inactivity( 45. 57 ± 0. 70) s; probing( 1. 19 ± 0. 03) min; gnawing nidus( 38. 51 ± 0. 42) min;ovipositor protrusion( 8. 89±0. 19) s; oviposition( 2. 65± 0. 05) min; and hiding( 23. 87 ± 0. 74) min. For females ovipositing for the first time,the times spent creeping,inactivity,probing,gnawing nidus,and ovipositing were significantly longer than for those females that had oviposited previously( P<0. 05). With the exception of the frequencies of ovipositor protrusion and oviposition,the frequencies of the other oviposition behaviors of inexperienced females were considerably higher compared to those of experienced females( P<0. 05). C. buqueti females preferentially selected healthy hosts for oviposition. When females oviposited on healthy bamboo shoots,gnawing nidus,oviposition,and hiding times were considerably longer( P<0. 05),and the frequency of all these behaviors was significantly higher( P<0. 05) compared with females ovipositing on damaged bamboo shoots. The oviposition time of C. buqueti varied with different hosts.When ovipositing on Neosinocalamus affinis,the creeping,inactivity,and probing times of females were significantly shorter compared with those on the other four examined hosts( P<0. 05),and the time for gnawing nidus was the longest(( 39. 37±0. 54) min)( P<0. 05). The peak of C. buqueti oviposition in the laboratory occurred between the third daysto ninth days. 【Conclusion 】 The oviposition behavior of C. buqueti was influenced by oviposition experience,and differed significantly on different hosts.
【Objective】This study aimed to explore the patterns of oviposition behavior of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti GuerinMeneville. 【Method】We examined the complete oviposition process through laboratory rearing and video recording,and then compared the effects of different species and physiological status of hosts on oviposition behavior. 【Result】The results showed that the complete oviposition process of C. buqueti included creeping,inactivity,probing,gnawing nidus,ovipositor protrusion,oviposition,and hiding. In the laboratory,the complete oviposition process was observed to last for( 69. 85± 1. 64) min. The duration of the component behaviors of the oviposition process were as follows: creeping( 25. 56± 0. 79) s; inactivity( 45. 57 ± 0. 70) s; probing( 1. 19 ± 0. 03) min; gnawing nidus( 38. 51 ± 0. 42) min;ovipositor protrusion( 8. 89±0. 19) s; oviposition( 2. 65± 0. 05) min; and hiding( 23. 87 ± 0. 74) min. For females ovipositing for the first time,the times spent creeping,inactivity,probing,gnawing nidus,and ovipositing were significantly longer than for those females that had oviposited previously( P<0. 05). With the exception of the frequencies of ovipositor protrusion and oviposition,the frequencies of the other oviposition behaviors of inexperienced females were considerably higher compared to those of experienced females( P<0. 05). C. buqueti females preferentially selected healthy hosts for oviposition. When females oviposited on healthy bamboo shoots,gnawing nidus,oviposition,and hiding times were considerably longer( P<0. 05),and the frequency of all these behaviors was significantly higher( P<0. 05) compared with females ovipositing on damaged bamboo shoots. The oviposition time of C. buqueti varied with different hosts.When ovipositing on Neosinocalamus affinis,the creeping,inactivity,and probing times of females were significantly shorter compared with those on the other four examined hosts( P<0. 05),and the time for gnawing nidus was the longest(( 39. 37±0. 54) min)( P<0. 05). The peak of C. buqueti oviposition in the laboratory occurred between the third daysto ninth days. 【Conclusion 】 The oviposition behavior of C. buqueti was influenced by oviposition experience,and differed significantly on different hosts.
引文
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[8]罗都强.苜蓿叶象甲卵块在苜蓿植株上垂直分布的研究[J].应用昆虫学报,1996,33(1):35-38.LUO D Q.Studies on the vertical distribution of egg masses of Hypera postica(Gyllenhal)in the alfalfa branch[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,1996,33(1):35-38.
[9]李恒忠,李雄立,覃贵亮,等.百色市芒果果实象甲疫情的发现及监控扑灭[J].广西植保,2003,16(3):29-31.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8779.2003.03.016.LI H Z,LI X L,QIN G L,et al.The outbreak and monitoring of Sternochetus olivieri in Baise City[J].Guangxi Plant Protection,2003,16(3):29-31.
[10]郭中华.沙棘象甲成虫取食及产卵行为观察初报[J].应用昆虫学报,2001,38(6):464.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0452-8255.2001.06.018.GUO Z H.Primary study on the feeding and oviposition of Curculio hippophes[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2001,38(6):464.
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[12]杨桦,杨伟,杨春平,等.长足大竹象交配行为[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(1):60-67.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2015.01.008.YANG H,YANG W,YANG C P,et al.Mating behavior of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2015,58(1):60-67.
[13]JONES A S,HODGES R J,FARMAN D I,et al.Solvent extraction of cues in the dust and frass of Prostephanus truncatus and analysis of behavioural mechanisms leading to arrestment of the predator Teretrius nigrescens[J].Physiological Entomology,2006,31(l):63-72.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2005.00488.x.
[14]刘慧娟.阿维菌素亚致死浓度对西花蓟马及其天敌黄瓜钝绥螨的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2007.LIU H J.Effects of sublethal concentration of avermectin on Frankliniella occidentalis and its predatory enemy Amblyseius cucumeris[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2007.
[15]杨桦,杨伟,杨春平,等.三种杀虫剂亚致死浓度对川硬皮肿腿蜂繁殖和搜寻行为的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1405-1414.DOI:10.5846/stxb201207100967.YANG H,YANG W,YANG C P,et al.Sublethal effects of three insecticides on the reproduction and host searching behaviors of Sclerodermus sichuanensis Xiao(Hymenoptera:Bethytidae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(5):1405-1414.
[16]杨桦,杨伟,杨春平,等.室内条件下云斑天牛成虫相遇行为反应[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(1):70-76.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2012.01.009.YANG H,YANG W,YANG C P,et al.Behavioral responses of encountering adults of the white-striped longhorn beetle,Batocera lineolate(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)in the laboratory condition[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2012,55(1):70-76.
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[18]BRUINSMA M,VAN DAM N M,VAN LOON J J,et al.Jasmonic acid-induced changes in Brassica oleracea affect oviposition preference of two specialist herbivores[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2007,33(4):655-668.DOI:10.1007/s10886-006-9245-2.
[19]FATOUROS N E,BUKOVINSZKINE’KISS G,KALKERS L A,et al.Oviposition-induced plant cues:do they arrest Trichogramma wasps during host location?[J]Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2005,115(1):207-215.DOI:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00245.x.
[20]CONTI E,FRATI F,SALERNO G.Oviposition behaviour of Lygus rugulipennis and its preferences for plant wounds[J].Journal of Insect Behavior,2012,25(4):339-351.DOI:10.1007/s10905-011-9302-8.
[21]COLLINS J K,MULDER P G,GRANTHAM R A,et al.Assessing feeding preferences of pecan weevil(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)adults using a Hardee olfactometer[J].Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society,1997,70(3):181-188.
[22]TANG Q F,WU Y J,LIU B M,et al.Infochemical-mediated preference behavior of the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky,when searching for its hosts[J].Entomological Fennica,2009,19(4):257-267.
[23]HOLLAND J N,BUCHANAN A L,LOUBEAU R.Oviposition choice and larval survival of an obligately pollinating granivorous moth[J].Evolutionary Ecology Research,2004,6(4):607-618.
[24]李月红,刘树生.植食性昆虫的学习行为[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(1):106-116.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2004.01.017.LI Y H,LIU S S.Learning in phytophagous insects[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2004,47(1):106-116.
[25]PAUKKU S,KOTIAHO J S.Cost of reproduction in Callosobruchus maculatus:effects of mating on male longevity and the effect of male mating status on female longevity[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2005,51(11):1220-1226.DOI:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.06.012.
[26]YAN X F,LI X J,LUO Y Q.Oviposition preference of Anoplophora glabripennis emerging from five hardwood tree species under field conditions[J].Forestry Studies in China,2008,10(1):23-26.DOI:10.1007/s11632-008-0013-y.
[27]陆凉夏,孟玲,李保平.广聚萤叶甲幼虫取食植物对产卵选择行为的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2014,30(3):323-328.DOI:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2014.03.001.LU L X,MENG L,LI B P.Effects of larval feeding plants on oviposition selection in Ophraella communa(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2014,30(3):323-328.
[2]忙定泽,罗庆怀,舒敏,等.长足大竹象成虫体表信息化学物质的提取和鉴定[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(3):291-302.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2012.03.002.MANG D Z,LUO Q H,SHU M,et al.Extraction and identification of cuticular semiochemical components of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guerin-Meneville(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2012,55(3):291-302.
[3]鞠瑞亭,夏翠华,徐俊华,等.上海地区长足大竹象初报[J].中国森林病虫,2005,24:7-9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-0886.2005.02.003.JU R T,XIA C H,XU J H,et al.Cyrtotrachelus buqueti in Shanghai[J].Forest Pest and Disease,2005,24(2):7-9.
[4]徐天森,王浩杰.中国竹子主要害虫[M].北京:中国林业出版社.2004,75-78.
[5]王维德,陈封政,王雄清.长足大竹象繁殖行为的初步研究[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):540-541.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2005.04.025.WANG W D,CHEN F Z,WANG X Q.Reproductive behavior of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2005,24(4):540-541.
[6]张茂新,凌冰,庞雄飞.非嗜食植物中的昆虫产卵驱避物及其利用[J].环境昆虫学报,2003,25(1):28-36.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2003.01.006.ZHANG M X,LING B,PANG X F.Progress and application of oviposition deterrents of non-preferable plants on insect[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2003,25(1):28-36.
[7]李先南.稻水象在温岭市的发生规律及生活习性[J].植物检疫,2000,14(5):282-283.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-2755.2000.05.009.LI X N.Study on the living habits and occurrence dynamics of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus in the Wenling City[J].Plant Quarantine,2000,14(5):282-283.
[8]罗都强.苜蓿叶象甲卵块在苜蓿植株上垂直分布的研究[J].应用昆虫学报,1996,33(1):35-38.LUO D Q.Studies on the vertical distribution of egg masses of Hypera postica(Gyllenhal)in the alfalfa branch[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,1996,33(1):35-38.
[9]李恒忠,李雄立,覃贵亮,等.百色市芒果果实象甲疫情的发现及监控扑灭[J].广西植保,2003,16(3):29-31.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8779.2003.03.016.LI H Z,LI X L,QIN G L,et al.The outbreak and monitoring of Sternochetus olivieri in Baise City[J].Guangxi Plant Protection,2003,16(3):29-31.
[10]郭中华.沙棘象甲成虫取食及产卵行为观察初报[J].应用昆虫学报,2001,38(6):464.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0452-8255.2001.06.018.GUO Z H.Primary study on the feeding and oviposition of Curculio hippophes[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2001,38(6):464.
[11]李伟丰,姚卫民.红棕象甲在中国扩散的风险分析[J].热带作物学报,2006,27(4):108-112.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2006.04.024.LI W F,YAO W M.Risk analysis of red palm weevil diffusion in China[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,27(4):108-112.
[12]杨桦,杨伟,杨春平,等.长足大竹象交配行为[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(1):60-67.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2015.01.008.YANG H,YANG W,YANG C P,et al.Mating behavior of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2015,58(1):60-67.
[13]JONES A S,HODGES R J,FARMAN D I,et al.Solvent extraction of cues in the dust and frass of Prostephanus truncatus and analysis of behavioural mechanisms leading to arrestment of the predator Teretrius nigrescens[J].Physiological Entomology,2006,31(l):63-72.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2005.00488.x.
[14]刘慧娟.阿维菌素亚致死浓度对西花蓟马及其天敌黄瓜钝绥螨的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2007.LIU H J.Effects of sublethal concentration of avermectin on Frankliniella occidentalis and its predatory enemy Amblyseius cucumeris[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2007.
[15]杨桦,杨伟,杨春平,等.三种杀虫剂亚致死浓度对川硬皮肿腿蜂繁殖和搜寻行为的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1405-1414.DOI:10.5846/stxb201207100967.YANG H,YANG W,YANG C P,et al.Sublethal effects of three insecticides on the reproduction and host searching behaviors of Sclerodermus sichuanensis Xiao(Hymenoptera:Bethytidae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(5):1405-1414.
[16]杨桦,杨伟,杨春平,等.室内条件下云斑天牛成虫相遇行为反应[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(1):70-76.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2012.01.009.YANG H,YANG W,YANG C P,et al.Behavioral responses of encountering adults of the white-striped longhorn beetle,Batocera lineolate(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)in the laboratory condition[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2012,55(1):70-76.
[17]FRATI F,SALERNO G,CONTI E,et al.Role of the plant-conspecifics complex in host location and sexual communication by Lygus rugulipennis[J].Physiological Entomology,2008,33(2):129-137.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2008.00614.x.
[18]BRUINSMA M,VAN DAM N M,VAN LOON J J,et al.Jasmonic acid-induced changes in Brassica oleracea affect oviposition preference of two specialist herbivores[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2007,33(4):655-668.DOI:10.1007/s10886-006-9245-2.
[19]FATOUROS N E,BUKOVINSZKINE’KISS G,KALKERS L A,et al.Oviposition-induced plant cues:do they arrest Trichogramma wasps during host location?[J]Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2005,115(1):207-215.DOI:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00245.x.
[20]CONTI E,FRATI F,SALERNO G.Oviposition behaviour of Lygus rugulipennis and its preferences for plant wounds[J].Journal of Insect Behavior,2012,25(4):339-351.DOI:10.1007/s10905-011-9302-8.
[21]COLLINS J K,MULDER P G,GRANTHAM R A,et al.Assessing feeding preferences of pecan weevil(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)adults using a Hardee olfactometer[J].Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society,1997,70(3):181-188.
[22]TANG Q F,WU Y J,LIU B M,et al.Infochemical-mediated preference behavior of the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky,when searching for its hosts[J].Entomological Fennica,2009,19(4):257-267.
[23]HOLLAND J N,BUCHANAN A L,LOUBEAU R.Oviposition choice and larval survival of an obligately pollinating granivorous moth[J].Evolutionary Ecology Research,2004,6(4):607-618.
[24]李月红,刘树生.植食性昆虫的学习行为[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(1):106-116.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2004.01.017.LI Y H,LIU S S.Learning in phytophagous insects[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2004,47(1):106-116.
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[26]YAN X F,LI X J,LUO Y Q.Oviposition preference of Anoplophora glabripennis emerging from five hardwood tree species under field conditions[J].Forestry Studies in China,2008,10(1):23-26.DOI:10.1007/s11632-008-0013-y.
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