某武警院校学员心理健康与职业压力关系
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摘要
目的:了解武警院校学员心理健康及职业压力状况,分析职业压力对心理健康的影响。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法抽取某武警院校263名学员,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和军人职业压力量表进行调查。结果:武警院校学员SCL-90总分及因子分均低于军人常模(t=-16.791~-10.321,P<0.001),心理问题发生率为7.6%,主要表现在强迫症状、人际关系敏感因子上。农村组学员人际关系敏感因子得分高于城市组(t=2.244,P<0.05);不同年龄、军龄组学员躯体化因子得分存在显著差异(F=3.349,3.834;P<0.05),≤19岁、≤2年军龄组学员躯体化因子得分分别高于20~24岁、3~4年军龄组。职业压力量表总分及各因子得分均低于常模(t=-30.996~-7.039,P<0.001),个人发展、经济压力和军旅特殊生活的压力问题列前三位。SCL-90总分与职业压力总分及各因子分均存在显著相关(r=0.384~0.620,P<0.01)。回归分析表明,人际关系、婚姻家庭、经济压力、角色不清因子对武警学员心理健康水平具有显著预测作用(sβ=0.540,0.213,0.179,-0.165;P<0.05;R2=0.429)。结论:该武警院校学员心理健康状态较好,职业压力水平较低。
Objective:To understand the states of mental health and occupational stress of students in CAPF school,and analyze the influence of occupational stress on mental health.Methods:Random cluster sampling method was used to collect 263 students from a CAPF school.They were investigated by SCL-90 and military occupational stress scale.Results:The total score and factor scores of SCL-90 in the CAPF School were lower than those of the military norm(t=-16.791~-10.321,P<0.001).The incidence of psychological problems was 7.6%,mainly manifested in compulsive symptoms and interpersonal sensitivity.The factor score of interpersonal sensitivity in the rural group was higher than that in the urban group(t=2.244,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the somatization factor scores among different age or enlisting year group(F=3.349,3.834;P<0.05).The somatization factor scores in the groups who are less than 19 years old and enlist less than 2 years were higher than those in the 20~24 year-old and 3~4 enlisting year group.The total score of the occupational stress scale and all factor scores were lower than the norm(t=-30.996~-7.039,P<0.001),and the top three stress problems were personal development,economic pressure and the special life in the army.The total score of SCL-90 had significant correlation with the total score of occupational stress,as well as the scores of all factors(r=0.384~0.620,P<0.01).Regression analysis showed that interpersonal relationship,marriage and family,economic pressure and role ambiguity had a significant predictive effect on the mental health of CAPF students(β=0.540,0.213,0.179,-0.165;R2=0.429;P<0.05;).Conclusion:The CAPF students have better mental health and lower occupational stress level.
Objective:To understand the states of mental health and occupational stress of students in CAPF school,and analyze the influence of occupational stress on mental health.Methods:Random cluster sampling method was used to collect 263 students from a CAPF school.They were investigated by SCL-90 and military occupational stress scale.Results:The total score and factor scores of SCL-90 in the CAPF School were lower than those of the military norm(t=-16.791~-10.321,P<0.001).The incidence of psychological problems was 7.6%,mainly manifested in compulsive symptoms and interpersonal sensitivity.The factor score of interpersonal sensitivity in the rural group was higher than that in the urban group(t=2.244,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the somatization factor scores among different age or enlisting year group(F=3.349,3.834;P<0.05).The somatization factor scores in the groups who are less than 19 years old and enlist less than 2 years were higher than those in the 20~24 year-old and 3~4 enlisting year group.The total score of the occupational stress scale and all factor scores were lower than the norm(t=-30.996~-7.039,P<0.001),and the top three stress problems were personal development,economic pressure and the special life in the army.The total score of SCL-90 had significant correlation with the total score of occupational stress,as well as the scores of all factors(r=0.384~0.620,P<0.01).Regression analysis showed that interpersonal relationship,marriage and family,economic pressure and role ambiguity had a significant predictive effect on the mental health of CAPF students(β=0.540,0.213,0.179,-0.165;R2=0.429;P<0.05;).Conclusion:The CAPF students have better mental health and lower occupational stress level.
引文
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[13]刘俊丽,刘云波,冯正直,等.12486名军人SCL-90测试结果分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(6):423-427
[14]陈春霞,张理义,徐志熊,等.军人心理健康与职业压力及应对方式的相关性研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2008,45(11):1381-1384
[2]冯正直,戴琴.中国军人心理健康状况的元分析[J].心理学报,2008,40(3):358-367
[3]赵静波,许军,解亚宁,等.高原军人自测健康状况及其影响因素的研究[J].中国行为医学科学,2005,14(12):1092-1093+1116
[4]牛威,魏红辉,孔令明,等.军人应激状态下心理健康状况的影响因素研究[J].中华保健医学杂志,2018,20(1):15-18
[5]Zhang Y,Zhang Q,Zhao W,et al.564basic unit officers and soldiers'mental health and personality[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2015,23(8):1155-1157
[6]Yan H,Jiang J,Wang H.Investigation and analysis on characteristics of officers and soldiers in CAPF and their symptoms selfevaluation[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2009,17(7):820-822
[7]杨亚明,郑爱明,陈宇,等.2015年武警某部队官兵心理状况调查[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(10):1179-1184
[8]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:31-35
[9]姚高峰,张理义.军人职业压力量表的编制及信效度分析[J].中华行为医学科学,2008,17(1):71-73
[10]张理义,周小东,林汉,等.中国军人职业压力量表常模的建立[C].中华医学会第十二次全国行为医学学术会议论文集,2010:76-79
[11]车海燕,张晓峰,刘志宏.武警官兵职业压力、社会支持与心理健康的关系[J].武警后勤学院学报(医学版),2013,22(8):698-701
[12]衣新发,赵倩,蔡曙山.中国军人心理健康状况的横断历史研究:1990~2007[J].心理学报,2012,44(2):226-236
[13]刘俊丽,刘云波,冯正直,等.12486名军人SCL-90测试结果分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(6):423-427
[14]陈春霞,张理义,徐志熊,等.军人心理健康与职业压力及应对方式的相关性研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2008,45(11):1381-1384