特低渗透轻质油藏热水驱提高采收率试验研究
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摘要
高52区块特低渗透油藏储层物性差、岩性致密、原油黏度低、气油比高、凝固点高,目前采用常规注水技术已很难进一步提高原油采收率。为此,开展了室内物理模拟试验,分别研究温度对岩石孔隙度、渗透率、原油黏度、热膨胀、原油蒸馏的影响,并分析注热水后相对渗透率曲线的变化,明确了特低渗透热水驱提高采收率机理。试验结果表明:随着温度的升高,储层岩石孔喉半径略有增大,但增幅不明显;原油黏度从3.7mPa·s降低到1.1mPa·s;原油和地层水膨胀率均增大,但温度对地层水膨胀率的影响显著小于原油;蒸馏作用主要发生在热水驱的初期,单纯含油体系蒸馏产物主要由C6～C11烃类组分构成,而含水原油体系馏出物主要由C5～C1 2烃类组分构成,说明体系是否存在水分对蒸馏结果会产生较大影响;在同一含水饱和度条件下,随着温度的升高,油相相对渗透率增大,水相相对渗透率减小。
It is difficult to further enhance recovery of the low permeability reservoir in Gao52 block by regular water flood method due to the poor rock quality and high gas/oil ratio.In order for the better understanding of the mechanism of hot water flood in low permeability reservoirs,the experiments were conducted to study the effects of temperature on porosity and permeability of rock,as well as the oil viscosity,distillation and thermal swelling.The change of the relative permeability curves during hot water flood was also analysed.The lab results showed that the pore throat radius was slightly enlarged and the oil viscosity was reduced from 3.7 mPa·s to 1.1 mPa·s with increasing temperature.The impact of increasing temperature on the swelling factor of oil was greater than that of formation water.Distillation took place primarily at the beginning of hot water injection.Distilled products of crude oil were composed of C6～C11 verses C5～C1 2 in the oil/water system,indicating the significant impact of water presence on the distillation.Under same water saturation oil relative permeability increased while water relative permeability decreased when temperature increased.
It is difficult to further enhance recovery of the low permeability reservoir in Gao52 block by regular water flood method due to the poor rock quality and high gas/oil ratio.In order for the better understanding of the mechanism of hot water flood in low permeability reservoirs,the experiments were conducted to study the effects of temperature on porosity and permeability of rock,as well as the oil viscosity,distillation and thermal swelling.The change of the relative permeability curves during hot water flood was also analysed.The lab results showed that the pore throat radius was slightly enlarged and the oil viscosity was reduced from 3.7 mPa·s to 1.1 mPa·s with increasing temperature.The impact of increasing temperature on the swelling factor of oil was greater than that of formation water.Distillation took place primarily at the beginning of hot water injection.Distilled products of crude oil were composed of C6～C11 verses C5～C1 2 in the oil/water system,indicating the significant impact of water presence on the distillation.Under same water saturation oil relative permeability increased while water relative permeability decreased when temperature increased.
引文
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[2]王平全,陶鹏,刘建仪,等.基于数字岩心的低渗透储层微观渗流机理研究[J].非常规油气,2016,3(6):1-5.
[3]崔鹏兴,刘双双,党海龙.低渗透油藏渗吸作用及其影响因素研究[J].非常规油气,2017,4(1):88-93.
[4]胡文瑞.中国低渗透油气的现状与未来[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(8):29-37.
[5]解伟,石立华,吕迎红,等.特低渗透非均质油藏周期注水方案研究[J].非常规油气,2016,3(1):47-52.
[6]KOVSCEK A R.An experimental investigation of permeability and porosity alteration in diatomite during hot fluid injection[C].SPE62558,2000:1-12.
[7]SEDAEE S B,RASHIDI F,FATHI Y.Experimental study of hot water injection into carbonate heavy oil reservoir[J].I-ranian Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,8(43):86-91.
[8]LI T C.Water injection development and stable production technology in Ansai extra low permeability oilfield[C].SPE64659,2000.
[9]ABDULLAH F A,MESHAL A,RIDHA G.Experimental evaluation of heavy oil recovery by hot water injection in amiddle eastern reservoir[C].SPE 120089,2009.
[10]刘正,钟海全,樊建明,等.超低渗透稀油油藏热水驱研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2012,14(4):41-44.
[11]姚泾利,王克,宋江海,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组石油运聚规律研究[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):32-37.
[12]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.非常规油气致密储层微观孔喉结构表征新技术及意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):78-86.
[13]刘均荣,秦积舜,吴晓东.温度对岩石渗透率影响的实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(4):51-53.
[14]SOLA B S,RASHIDI F.Experimental study of hot water injection into low-permeability carbonate rocks[J].Energy&Fuels,2008,22(4):2353-2361.
[15]ALAJMI A F,GHARBI R,ALGHARAIB M.Investigating the performance of hot water injection in geosta-tistically generated permeable media[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2009,66(3):143-155.
[16]LEI G W.Producing gas-oil ratio performance of conventional and unconventional reservoirs[D].Trondheim:Norwegian University of Science and Technology,2012:5-10.
[17]赵靖舟,吴少波,武富礼.论低渗透储层的分类与评价标准:以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):28-31.
[18]NOMAN R,ARCHER J S.The effect of pore structure on non-Darcy gas flow in some low-permeability reservoir rocks[C].Denver:Low Permeability Reservoirs Symposium,1987.
[19]BENNION D B.An overview of formation damage mechanisms causing a reduction in the productivity and injectivity of oil and gas producing formations[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2002,41(11):10-15.