邻氨基苯酚对污泥产率及微生物活性的影响
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摘要
为了探讨化学解偶联剂在实现污泥减量的同时对污泥活性抑制作用,通过批次试验研究不同浓度邻氨基苯酚(oAP)对污泥减量效果、微生物活性以及由于微生物活性的改变对基质(NH_4~+-N、COD_(Cr))去除变化的影响.分别采用TTC-ETS(氯代三苯基四氮唑脱氢酶)活性、INT-ETS(碘硝基四氮唑脱氢酶)活性、AUR(氨摄取速率)和SOUR(比耗氧速率)4个指标考察污泥活性受oAP的抑制情况.结果表明:oAP添加量为12mg/L时,平均表观污泥产率Yobs由0.443下降到0.256mg MLSS/mg COD,污泥减量为42.20%.与有机物去除抑制相比,活性污泥系统对NH_4~+-N去除的抑制作用更加显著,而硝化细菌比异养菌对oAP响应更敏感.因此,NH_4~+-N去除率比COD_(Cr)去除率更能反映出oAP对污泥活性的影响.通过NH_4~+-N去除率的抑制对比,AUR是最能有效地表征oAP对活性污泥系统中的微生物抑制作用.通过IC50分析显示,TTC-ETS的活性为35.51mg/L,在所有指标最小,灵敏度最高,是表征oAP抑制污泥活性的最佳指标.
In order to view sludge reduction and estimate the inhibitory effect of chemical uncoupler on the activity of sludge, the influence of o-aminophenol(oAP) addition on efficiency of sludge reduction. The microbial activity and variation of removal efficiency in NH_4~+-N and COD_(Cr) induced by addition oAP were investigated through batch tests. Four indexes, TTC-electron transport system activity(TTC-ETS), INT-electron transport system activity(INT-ETS), ammonia uptake rate(AUR) and specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) were used to characterize the inhibitory effects of the metabolic uncoupler on the sludge activity. The results showed that the average apparent sludge yield of Yobs was decreased from 0.443 to 0.256MLSS/mg COD for 42.20%, when oAP concentration was set as 12mg/L. The inhibitory effect of oAP on removing NH_4~+-N was more significant than on decomposing organics, and nitrifying bacteria were more sensitive than heterotrophic bacteria to the inhibitory effects of oAP, which showed the toxic influence on the activity of sludge. Through comparing the inhibition rates of NH_4~+-N removal efficiency, AUR is supposed to be the most effective index to characterize the inhibitory effects of metabolic uncoupler. Besides, TTC-ETS activity can be used as the optimum index to characterize inhibitory effects of oAP, because its median inhibitory concentration was the minimum of 35.51mg/L, as the minimum one among the four indexes.
In order to view sludge reduction and estimate the inhibitory effect of chemical uncoupler on the activity of sludge, the influence of o-aminophenol(oAP) addition on efficiency of sludge reduction. The microbial activity and variation of removal efficiency in NH_4~+-N and COD_(Cr) induced by addition oAP were investigated through batch tests. Four indexes, TTC-electron transport system activity(TTC-ETS), INT-electron transport system activity(INT-ETS), ammonia uptake rate(AUR) and specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) were used to characterize the inhibitory effects of the metabolic uncoupler on the sludge activity. The results showed that the average apparent sludge yield of Yobs was decreased from 0.443 to 0.256MLSS/mg COD for 42.20%, when oAP concentration was set as 12mg/L. The inhibitory effect of oAP on removing NH_4~+-N was more significant than on decomposing organics, and nitrifying bacteria were more sensitive than heterotrophic bacteria to the inhibitory effects of oAP, which showed the toxic influence on the activity of sludge. Through comparing the inhibition rates of NH_4~+-N removal efficiency, AUR is supposed to be the most effective index to characterize the inhibitory effects of metabolic uncoupler. Besides, TTC-ETS activity can be used as the optimum index to characterize inhibitory effects of oAP, because its median inhibitory concentration was the minimum of 35.51mg/L, as the minimum one among the four indexes.
引文
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[28]荣宏伟,张耀坤,张朝升,等.INT-ETS活性及AUR和SOUR表征污泥活性的比较[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(5):767-773.
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[30]Wang Y P,Yu S S,Li J,et al.Tuning microbial electrogenic activity by uncouplers[J].Process Biochemistry,2016,51:1885-1889.
[31]Feng B,Fang Z,Hou J C,et al.Effects of heavy metal wastewater on the anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor bioprocess and membrane fouling[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,142(8):32-38.
[32]Zhang J,Tian Y,Zuo W,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by the metabolic uncoupler,2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP)in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,233:132-37.
[2]宋云龙,张金松,朱佳,等.基于高通量测序的微生物强化污泥减量工艺中微生物群落解析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7),2099-2197.
[3]田禹,左薇,陈琳,等.城市污水污泥过程减量及资源化利用理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:8-10.
[4]Lin S,Jiang W J,Tang Q,et al.Impact of a metabolic uncoupler2,4-dichlorophenol on minimization of activated sludge production in membrane bioreactor[J].Water Science and Technology,2010,62(6):1379-1385.
[5]叶芬霞,解偶联代谢对活性污泥工艺中剩余污泥的减量化作用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[6]Zuriaga-AgustíE,Mendoza-Roca J A,Bes-PiáA,et al.Sludge reduction by uncoupling metabolism:SBR tests with paranitrophenol and a commercial uncoupler[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,182:406-411.
[7]Zheng G H,Li M N,Wang L.Feasibility of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and malonic acid as metabolic uncoupler for sludge reduction in the sequence batch reactor for treating organic wastewater[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2009,144(2):101-109.
[8]Xie,M L.Utilization of 8kinds of metabolic uncouplers to reduce excess sludge production from the activated sludge process.Master Thesis,Beijing Technology Business University,2002.
[9]Chen G H,Mo H K,Liu Y.Utilization of a metabolic uncoupler,3,3’,4’,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide(TCS)to reduce sludge growth in activated sludge culture[J].Water Research,2002,36:2077-2083.
[10]Tian Y,Zhang J,Wu D,et al.Distribution variation of a metabolic Uncoupler 2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP)n long-term sludge culture and their effects on sludge reduction and biological inhibition[J].Water Research,2013,47:279-288.
[11]Feng X C,Guo W Q,Yang S S,et al.Possible causes of excess sludge reduction adding metabolic uncoupler 3,3’,4’,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide(TCS)in sequence batch reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,173:96-103.
[12]Wang W,Li X C,Wang P F,et al.Long-term effects of Ni(II)on the performance and activity of activated sludge processes[J].Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety,2013,92:144–149.
[13]Stasinakis A S,Mamais D,Thomaidis N S,et al.Inhibitory effect of triclosan and nonylphenol on respirationrates and ammonia removal in activated sludge systems[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2008,70(2):199-206.
[14]Chen G H,Mo H K,Liu Y.Utilization of a metabolic uncoupler3,3’,4’,5-retrachlorosalicylanilide(TCS)to reduce sludge growth in activated sludge culture[J].Water Research,2002,36(8):2077-2083.
[15]Lowry O H,Rosebrough N J,Farr A L,et al.Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent[J].Journal of Biological.Chemistry,1951,193:265-275.
[16]王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法.生物化学[M].3版.(下册),北京:高等教育出版社,2002:137-140.
[17]Low E W,Chase H A.The use of chemical uncouplers for reducing biomass production during biodegradation[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(45):399-402.
[18]Low E W,Chase H A,Milner M G,et al.Uncoupling of metabolism to reduce biomass production in the activated sludge process[J].Water Research,2000,34(12):3204-32l2.
[19]Low E W and Chase H A.Reducing production of excess biomass during wastewater treatment[J].Water Research,1999,33:1119–1132.
[20]Li P,Li H C,Li J,et al.Evaluation of sludge reduction of three metabolic uncouplers in laboratory-scale anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,22:131-36.
[21]Zhang J,Tian Y,Zuo W,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by the metabolic uncoupler,2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP)in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,233:132-137.
[22]Zuriaga-AgustíE,Garrido-Mauri G,Mendoza-Roca J A,et al.Reduction of the sludge production in a sequencing batch reactor by addition of chlorine dioxide:Influence on the process performance[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,209:318-324.
[23]Ren S J.Assessing wastewater toxicity to activated sludge:recent research and developments[J].Environment International,2004,30:1151-1164.
[24]Radnieckl T S,Stankus D P,Neigh A,et al.Influence of liberated silver from silver nanoparticles on nitrification inhibition of nitrosomonas europaea[J].Chemosphere,2011,85:43-49.
[25]Katipoglu T Y,Pala I O,Ubay E C,et al.Acute impact of erythromycin and tetracycline on the kinetics of nitrification and organic carbon removal in mixed microbial culture[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,144:410-419.
[26]Han J C,Liu Y,Liu X,et al.The effect of continuous Zn(Ⅱ)exposure on the organic degradation capability and soluble microbial products(SMP)of activated sludge[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,244/245(2):489-494.
[27]尹军,谭学军,任南琪.用TTC与INT-电子传递体系活性表征重金属对污泥活性的影响[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):56-62.
[28]荣宏伟,张耀坤,张朝升,等.INT-ETS活性及AUR和SOUR表征污泥活性的比较[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(5):767-773.
[29]Frolund B,Palmgren R,Keiding K,et al.Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin[J].Water Research,1996,30:1749-1758.
[30]Wang Y P,Yu S S,Li J,et al.Tuning microbial electrogenic activity by uncouplers[J].Process Biochemistry,2016,51:1885-1889.
[31]Feng B,Fang Z,Hou J C,et al.Effects of heavy metal wastewater on the anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor bioprocess and membrane fouling[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,142(8):32-38.
[32]Zhang J,Tian Y,Zuo W,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by the metabolic uncoupler,2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP)in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,233:132-37.