云杉材纹理角度对钢琴音板声学振动性能的影响
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摘要
云杉材是制作钢琴音板的主要用材,以4种云杉属木材为研究对象,采用快速傅里叶变换分析法测试其共振频率,并计算其声学振动性能参数,分析木材纹理角度对云杉材声学振动性能具有的影响。结果表明:随着纹理角的增大,云杉材的动弹性模量、比动弹性模量增大,损耗角正切减小。当纹理角为90°时,云杉材的振动效率最高、声能损耗最少,声学性能最优。通过综合加权法评定,纹理角90°的麦吊云杉具有最优振动性能。
Spruce wood is one of the main materials for making piano soundboard.In order to understand effects of spruce grain angles on acoustic vibration properties of piano soundboard,four types of spruce species were selected and three grain angles of each spruce species were tested to measure the acoustic vibration properties by the Fast Fourier Transform analysis(FFT).Wood acoustic parameters tested were dynamic elastic modulus,specific elastic modulus,acoustic radiation damping coefficient and absorption coefficient as well as loss tangent.The testing results showed that most of the acoustic parameters of the wood samples increased but the loss tangent decreased with the increase of grain angles.The wood samples with 90° of grain angle presented the highest vibration efficiency and the lowest acoustic energy loss.According to a comprehensive weighting results,soundboard made of Picea brachytyla wood with 90° of grain angle showed the best vibration property.
Spruce wood is one of the main materials for making piano soundboard.In order to understand effects of spruce grain angles on acoustic vibration properties of piano soundboard,four types of spruce species were selected and three grain angles of each spruce species were tested to measure the acoustic vibration properties by the Fast Fourier Transform analysis(FFT).Wood acoustic parameters tested were dynamic elastic modulus,specific elastic modulus,acoustic radiation damping coefficient and absorption coefficient as well as loss tangent.The testing results showed that most of the acoustic parameters of the wood samples increased but the loss tangent decreased with the increase of grain angles.The wood samples with 90° of grain angle presented the highest vibration efficiency and the lowest acoustic energy loss.According to a comprehensive weighting results,soundboard made of Picea brachytyla wood with 90° of grain angle showed the best vibration property.
引文
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[2]杨琳,付奇缘,刘洪海,等.尾巨桉自由干缩率及纤维饱和点的测定[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(4):39-42.YANG L,FU Q Y,LIU H H,et al.Free shrinkage rate and fiber saturatedpoint determination of Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis wood[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46(4):39-42.
[3]汪菲,吴智慧,黄琼涛.家具与木制品表面数字化木纹图案UV树脂3D打印装饰技术[J].家具,2017,38(1):5-10.WANG F,WU Z H,HUANG Q T.UV 3D inkjet print decoration technology applied in the surface of furniture and wood products[J].Furniture,2017,38(1):5-10.
[4]李源哲,李先泽,汪溪泉,等.几种木材声学性质的测定[J].林业科学,1962(1):59-66.LI Y Z,LI X Z,WANG X Q,et al.Determination of acoustic properties of several woods[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1962(1):59-66.
[5]沈隽,刘一星.木材声振动特性的研究与进展[J].世界林业研究,2001,14(1):30-36.SHEN J,LIU Y X.Advances in study and research on acoustic vibration property of wood[J].World Forestry Research,2001,14(1):30-36.
[6]沈隽,刘一星,田站礼,等.云杉属木材密度与声振动特性参数之间关系的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2001,20(2):181-184.SHEN J,LIU Y X,TIAN Z L,et al.Relationship between Picea genera wood density and sound characteristic parameters[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2001,20(2):181-184.
[7]刘一星,沈隽,田站礼,等.云杉木材声振动性能生长轮宽度、晚材率之间关系的研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(6):86-91.LIU Y X,SHEN J,TIAN Z L,et al.Study on relationship between sound vibration parameters and growth ring width and latewood percentage of Picea genera wood[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(6):86-91.
[8]沈隽,刘一星,刘明,等.云杉属木材晚材率变异系数与声振动特性参数[J].福建林学院学报,2005,25(3):225-228.SHEN J,LIU Y X,LIU M,et al.Variance coefficient of latewood percentage to sound vibration parameters of Picea genera wood[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2005,25(3):225-228.
[9]张辅刚.音板用材的锯切方法及技术条件[J].中国木材,1991(2):28-29.ZHANG F G.Sawing method and technical conditions of soundboard materials[J].China Wood,1991(2):28-29.
[10]沈隽.云杉属木材构造特征与振动特性参数关系的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2001.SHEN J.Study on relationship between Picea species structures and vibration properties[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2001.
[11]刘镇波,刘一星.乐器共鸣板用木材声学振动性能改良研究现状及趋势[J].世界林业研究,2012,25(1):44-48.LIU Z B,LIU Y X.Research status and prospect of acoustic vibration properties modification of wood used for soundboard[J].World Forestry Research,2012,25(1):44-48.
[12]张超华,徐伟,吴智慧,等.云杉木材年轮方向对钢琴音板声学性能的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(3):165-167.ZHANG C H,XU W,WU Z H,et al.Effects of annual rings direction on acoustical property of spruce wood used for the soundboard of piano[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2010,34(3):165-167.
[13]刘明.钢琴音板用材振动性能检测与分选研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.LIU M.Vibration performance testing and sorting study of piano soundboard[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2007.