广西喀斯特地区植物根际土壤解磷菌筛选及促生效应研究
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摘要
【目的】广西喀斯特石漠化地区水土流失和植被退化严重,土壤有效磷含量低是限制植被修复的因素之一,筛选乡土高效解磷菌株,可以加快修复石漠化生态环境。【方法】通过调查筛选石漠化地区常见植物根际土壤解磷菌,检测解磷菌株解磷能力,并将优良菌株培养后接种至顶果木(Acrocarpus fraxinifolius)幼苗根际土壤,检测解磷菌对植物的促生效应。【结果】石漠化地区土壤中解磷微生物丰富,共筛选出20株解有机磷菌和24株解无机磷菌,分别属于11个类群,其中,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为石漠化植物根际土壤解磷菌的优势类群。解有机磷菌解磷能力为35.4～79.2μg/mL,解无机磷菌解磷能力为112～253.2μg/mL。接种解磷菌剂对顶果木生长和养分吸收具有显著促进作用,植株地上生物量比对照增加14.5%～30.5%,根系生物量比对照增加27.6%～45.7%。接种IP-HLG1和IP-CTM11处理的植株氮、磷含量显著高于对照处理,分别比对照处理高9.3%、19.7%和24.6%、20.3%。与对照处理相比,接种菌剂处理土壤有效磷含量增加了34.5%～69.1%,IPHLG1和IP-CTM11处理增加显著。【结论】石漠化土壤中解磷菌以假单胞菌属为优势类群,筛选的解磷菌株IP-HLG1和IP-CTM11对顶果木幼苗生长具有显著促进效应,对石漠化土壤磷元素活化能力较强,可作为研发微生物肥料的潜在功能菌株。
【Objective】The low available phosphorus content in soil is one of the limiting factors for local vegetation restoration.Screening the high efficiency phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains can speed up the restoration of rocky desertification ecological environment.【Methods】In this study,the phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains of the common plant rhizosphere soil in the rocky desertification area were investigated and screened,the phosphate solubilizing ability of phosphate solubilizing bacteria was detected,and the excellent strains were inoculated to the Acrocarpus fraxinifolius seedlings,and the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains on plant growth was detected.【Results】The results showed that phosphate solubilizing microorganisms were abundant in the rocky desertification area,and 20 strains of organophosphorus and 24 inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were screened out,which belonged to 11 groups,respectively.Among them,Pseudomonas was the dominant group in the rhizosphere soil of rocky desertification plants.The phosphate solubilizing ability of organophosphorus bacteria was 35.4～79.2 g/mL and the phosphate solubilizing ability of inorganic phosphorus bacteria was 112～253.2 g/mL.The inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria significantly promoted the growth and nutrient absorption of the A.fraxinifolius seedlings.Compared to the control seedlings,the aboveground biomass increased by 14.5%～30.5%,and the root biomass increased by 27.6%～45.7%.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the plants treated with IP-HLG1 and IP-CTM11 were significantly higher than those of the control treatments,which were 9.3%,19.7%,24.6%,and 20.3% higher than those of the control treatment,respectively.Compared to the control treatments,the soil effective phosphorus content in IP-HLG1 and IP-CTM11 treatments increased most significantly.【Conclusion】Preliminary studies showed that Pseudomonas was the dominant group of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in rocky desertification soil.The screened phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains IP-HLG1 and IP-CTM11 played a significant role in promoting the growth of A.fraxinifolius seedlings.These two strains had strong ability to activate available phosphorus in soil and could be used as potential functional strains for developing microbial fertilizers.
【Objective】The low available phosphorus content in soil is one of the limiting factors for local vegetation restoration.Screening the high efficiency phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains can speed up the restoration of rocky desertification ecological environment.【Methods】In this study,the phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains of the common plant rhizosphere soil in the rocky desertification area were investigated and screened,the phosphate solubilizing ability of phosphate solubilizing bacteria was detected,and the excellent strains were inoculated to the Acrocarpus fraxinifolius seedlings,and the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains on plant growth was detected.【Results】The results showed that phosphate solubilizing microorganisms were abundant in the rocky desertification area,and 20 strains of organophosphorus and 24 inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were screened out,which belonged to 11 groups,respectively.Among them,Pseudomonas was the dominant group in the rhizosphere soil of rocky desertification plants.The phosphate solubilizing ability of organophosphorus bacteria was 35.4～79.2 g/mL and the phosphate solubilizing ability of inorganic phosphorus bacteria was 112～253.2 g/mL.The inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria significantly promoted the growth and nutrient absorption of the A.fraxinifolius seedlings.Compared to the control seedlings,the aboveground biomass increased by 14.5%～30.5%,and the root biomass increased by 27.6%～45.7%.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the plants treated with IP-HLG1 and IP-CTM11 were significantly higher than those of the control treatments,which were 9.3%,19.7%,24.6%,and 20.3% higher than those of the control treatment,respectively.Compared to the control treatments,the soil effective phosphorus content in IP-HLG1 and IP-CTM11 treatments increased most significantly.【Conclusion】Preliminary studies showed that Pseudomonas was the dominant group of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in rocky desertification soil.The screened phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains IP-HLG1 and IP-CTM11 played a significant role in promoting the growth of A.fraxinifolius seedlings.These two strains had strong ability to activate available phosphorus in soil and could be used as potential functional strains for developing microbial fertilizers.
引文
[1]杨艳华,李俊州,臧睿,等.茶树根际土壤解磷细菌的筛选及解磷活性分析[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):60-65.YANG Y H,LI J Z,ZANG R,et al.Screening and analysis of phosphate-solubilizing activity of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil of tea plant[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(9):60-65.
[2]鲁如坤,时正元,顾益出,等.土壤积累态磷研究Ⅱ.磷肥的表观积累利用率[J].土壤,1995(6):286-289.LU R K,SHI Z Y,GU Y C,et al.Study on accumulating phosphorus in soilⅡ.Apparent accumulation and utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer[J].Soils,1995(6):286-289.
[3]解文科,王小青,李斌,等.植物根系分泌物研究综述[J].山东林业科技,2005(5):63-67.XIE W K,WANG X Q,LI B,et al.A review of plant root exudates[J].Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2005(5):63-67.
[4]徐欢,俞新玲,林勇明,等.桉树根际土壤解磷细菌的分离、筛选及其解磷效果[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2016,45(5):529-535.XU H,YU X L,LIN Y M,et al.Isolation,screening of phosphate solubilizing capacity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in Eucalyptus species[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science,2016,45(5):529-535.
[5]郭艺鹏,李静,杨越,等.枣根际解磷细菌解磷特性及影响因素分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(1):96-103.GUO Y P,LI J,YANG Y,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in jujube rhizosphere[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2018,52(1):96-103.
[6]徐睿,刘君昂,周国英,等.降香黄檀-檀香根际土壤高效解磷细菌的分离筛选与鉴定[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(2):281-288.XU R,LIU J A,ZHOU G Y,et al.Isolation,screening and identification of high-efficiency phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of Dalbergia odorifera and sandalwood[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2015,36(2):281-288.
[7] CHANG C H,YANG S S.Thermo-tolerant phosphatesolubilizing microbes for multi-functional biofertilizer perparations[J].Bioresour Technology,2009,100(4):1648-1658.
[8] JEONG S,MOON H S,SHIN D,et al.Survival of introduced phospahte-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)and their impact on microbial community structure during the phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,263(P2):441-449.
[9]韩丽珍,邓兆辉,朱春艳,等.茶树根际促生菌的筛选与促生特性的研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2016,35(1):51-56.HAN L Z,DENG Z H,ZHU C Y,et al.Identification and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere soils of tea trees[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2016,35(1):51-56.
[10] OTEINO N,LALLY RD,KIWANUKA S,et al.Plant growth promotion induced by phosphate solubilizing endophytic Pseudomonas isolates[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2015,6:745.
[11] GHOSH R,BARMAN S,MUKHERJEE R,et al.Role of phosphate solubilizing Burkholderia spp.for successfulcolonizationandgrowthpromotionof Lycopodium cernuum L.(Lycopodiaceae)in lateritic belt of Birbhum district of West Bengal,India[J].Microbiological Research,2016,183:80-91.
[12]晋婷婷,任嘉红,刘瑞祥.南方红豆杉根际解有机磷细菌的鉴定及其解磷特性和促生作用研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(9):1819-1827.JIN T T,REN J H,LIU R X.Identification,characterization and growth-promoting effects of an organophosphate-solubilizing bacterium fromTaxus chinensis var.mairei rhizosphere[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2016,36(9):1819-1827.
[13]王光华,赵英,周德瑞,等.解磷菌的研究现状与展望[J].生态环境,2003,12(1):96-101.WANG G H,ZHAO Y,ZHOU D R,et al.Review of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms[J].Ecology and Environment,2003,12(1):96-101.
[14]尹瑞龄.我国旱地土壤的溶磷微生物[J].土壤,1988(5):243-246.YING R L.Phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in dry land soil of China[J].Soils,1988(5):243-246.
[15]叶震,陈秀蓉,杨淑君.东祁连山高寒植被土壤解磷菌筛选及其解磷能力的初步研究[J].草原与草坪,2010,30(5):6-10.YE Z,CHEN X R,YANG S J.Primary study on isolation and ability of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in soil of alpine vegetation in eastern Qilian Mountains[J].Grassland and Turf,2010,30(5):6-10.
[16] CHEN Y P,REKHA P D,ARUN A B,et al.Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,34(1):33-41.
[17] GOLDSTEIN A H.Involvement of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in the solubilization of exogenous phosphates by gram-negative bacteria[M]//TORRIANI-GORINI A,YAGIL E,SILVER S.Phosphate in microorganisms:Cellular and molecular biology.Washington DC:ASM Press,1994:197-203.
[18]虞伟斌,杨兴明,沈其荣,等.K3解磷菌的解磷机理及其对缓冲容量的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):354-361.YU W B,YANG X M,SHEN Q R,et al.Mechanism on phosphate solubilization of Pseudomonas sp.K3and its phosphate solubilization ability under buffering condition[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):354-361.
[19]乔志伟,洪坚平,谢英荷,等.石灰性土壤拉恩式溶磷细菌的筛选鉴定及溶磷特性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2294-2300.QIAO Z W,HONG J P,XIE Y H,et al.Screening,identification and phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of Rahnella sp.phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in calcareous soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(8):2294-2300.
[20]贺梦醒,高毅,胡正雪,等.解磷菌株B25的筛选、鉴定及其解磷能力[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):235-239.HE M X,GAO Y,HU Z X,et al.Screening,identification,and phosphate-solubilizing capability of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain B25[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(1):235-239.
[21]李蓉,周德明,吴毅,等.杉木根际溶磷菌筛选及其部分特性的初步研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(4):95-99.LI R,ZHOU D M,WU Y,et al.Selection and characteristics of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of Cunninghaimia lanceolata[J].Journal of Central South Univerity of Forestry&Technology,2012,32(4):95-99.
[22]柯春亮,李淑娟,段雅婕.解磷菌剂对香蕉幼苗生长及土壤理化因子的影响[J].海南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,35(3):253-259.KE C L,LI S J,DUAN Y J.Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth of banana seedlings and physical and chemical factors[J].Natural Science Journal of Hainan University:Natural Science,2017,35(3):253-259.
[2]鲁如坤,时正元,顾益出,等.土壤积累态磷研究Ⅱ.磷肥的表观积累利用率[J].土壤,1995(6):286-289.LU R K,SHI Z Y,GU Y C,et al.Study on accumulating phosphorus in soilⅡ.Apparent accumulation and utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer[J].Soils,1995(6):286-289.
[3]解文科,王小青,李斌,等.植物根系分泌物研究综述[J].山东林业科技,2005(5):63-67.XIE W K,WANG X Q,LI B,et al.A review of plant root exudates[J].Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2005(5):63-67.
[4]徐欢,俞新玲,林勇明,等.桉树根际土壤解磷细菌的分离、筛选及其解磷效果[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2016,45(5):529-535.XU H,YU X L,LIN Y M,et al.Isolation,screening of phosphate solubilizing capacity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in Eucalyptus species[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science,2016,45(5):529-535.
[5]郭艺鹏,李静,杨越,等.枣根际解磷细菌解磷特性及影响因素分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(1):96-103.GUO Y P,LI J,YANG Y,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in jujube rhizosphere[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2018,52(1):96-103.
[6]徐睿,刘君昂,周国英,等.降香黄檀-檀香根际土壤高效解磷细菌的分离筛选与鉴定[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(2):281-288.XU R,LIU J A,ZHOU G Y,et al.Isolation,screening and identification of high-efficiency phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of Dalbergia odorifera and sandalwood[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2015,36(2):281-288.
[7] CHANG C H,YANG S S.Thermo-tolerant phosphatesolubilizing microbes for multi-functional biofertilizer perparations[J].Bioresour Technology,2009,100(4):1648-1658.
[8] JEONG S,MOON H S,SHIN D,et al.Survival of introduced phospahte-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)and their impact on microbial community structure during the phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,263(P2):441-449.
[9]韩丽珍,邓兆辉,朱春艳,等.茶树根际促生菌的筛选与促生特性的研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2016,35(1):51-56.HAN L Z,DENG Z H,ZHU C Y,et al.Identification and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere soils of tea trees[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2016,35(1):51-56.
[10] OTEINO N,LALLY RD,KIWANUKA S,et al.Plant growth promotion induced by phosphate solubilizing endophytic Pseudomonas isolates[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2015,6:745.
[11] GHOSH R,BARMAN S,MUKHERJEE R,et al.Role of phosphate solubilizing Burkholderia spp.for successfulcolonizationandgrowthpromotionof Lycopodium cernuum L.(Lycopodiaceae)in lateritic belt of Birbhum district of West Bengal,India[J].Microbiological Research,2016,183:80-91.
[12]晋婷婷,任嘉红,刘瑞祥.南方红豆杉根际解有机磷细菌的鉴定及其解磷特性和促生作用研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(9):1819-1827.JIN T T,REN J H,LIU R X.Identification,characterization and growth-promoting effects of an organophosphate-solubilizing bacterium fromTaxus chinensis var.mairei rhizosphere[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2016,36(9):1819-1827.
[13]王光华,赵英,周德瑞,等.解磷菌的研究现状与展望[J].生态环境,2003,12(1):96-101.WANG G H,ZHAO Y,ZHOU D R,et al.Review of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms[J].Ecology and Environment,2003,12(1):96-101.
[14]尹瑞龄.我国旱地土壤的溶磷微生物[J].土壤,1988(5):243-246.YING R L.Phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in dry land soil of China[J].Soils,1988(5):243-246.
[15]叶震,陈秀蓉,杨淑君.东祁连山高寒植被土壤解磷菌筛选及其解磷能力的初步研究[J].草原与草坪,2010,30(5):6-10.YE Z,CHEN X R,YANG S J.Primary study on isolation and ability of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in soil of alpine vegetation in eastern Qilian Mountains[J].Grassland and Turf,2010,30(5):6-10.
[16] CHEN Y P,REKHA P D,ARUN A B,et al.Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,34(1):33-41.
[17] GOLDSTEIN A H.Involvement of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in the solubilization of exogenous phosphates by gram-negative bacteria[M]//TORRIANI-GORINI A,YAGIL E,SILVER S.Phosphate in microorganisms:Cellular and molecular biology.Washington DC:ASM Press,1994:197-203.
[18]虞伟斌,杨兴明,沈其荣,等.K3解磷菌的解磷机理及其对缓冲容量的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):354-361.YU W B,YANG X M,SHEN Q R,et al.Mechanism on phosphate solubilization of Pseudomonas sp.K3and its phosphate solubilization ability under buffering condition[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):354-361.
[19]乔志伟,洪坚平,谢英荷,等.石灰性土壤拉恩式溶磷细菌的筛选鉴定及溶磷特性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2294-2300.QIAO Z W,HONG J P,XIE Y H,et al.Screening,identification and phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of Rahnella sp.phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in calcareous soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(8):2294-2300.
[20]贺梦醒,高毅,胡正雪,等.解磷菌株B25的筛选、鉴定及其解磷能力[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):235-239.HE M X,GAO Y,HU Z X,et al.Screening,identification,and phosphate-solubilizing capability of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain B25[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(1):235-239.
[21]李蓉,周德明,吴毅,等.杉木根际溶磷菌筛选及其部分特性的初步研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(4):95-99.LI R,ZHOU D M,WU Y,et al.Selection and characteristics of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of Cunninghaimia lanceolata[J].Journal of Central South Univerity of Forestry&Technology,2012,32(4):95-99.
[22]柯春亮,李淑娟,段雅婕.解磷菌剂对香蕉幼苗生长及土壤理化因子的影响[J].海南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,35(3):253-259.KE C L,LI S J,DUAN Y J.Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth of banana seedlings and physical and chemical factors[J].Natural Science Journal of Hainan University:Natural Science,2017,35(3):253-259.