?-OTDR系统中的相位解调方法研究进展
|
摘要
随着相位敏感光时域反射计(?-OTDR)技术的发展与应用,传统的幅度解调方法已经很难满足人们对高质量传感的需求,而相位解调方法凭借其对相位信息解调的高灵敏性和高精确度的优势,近年来引起了国内外的广泛关注。综述了?-OTDR系统中相位解调方法的研究进展,介绍了相位生成载波解调法、基于3×3耦合器的解调法和数字相干IQ解调法3种?-OTDR系统中的相位解调方法,并简单分析了这几种方法的优缺点。对未来基于?-OTDR的传感系统中解调方法的优化及新方法的提出具有重要的意义。
With the development and application of phase sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer(?-OTDR)technology,traditional amplitude demodulation method can not meet the needs of high quality sensing.Phase demodulation method has the advantages of high sensitivity and high accuracy in demodulation of phase information.In recent years,it has attracted wide attention at home and abroad.The research progress of phase demodulation in ?-OTDR system is reviewed.Demodulation methods based on phase generated carrier(PGC),3×3 coupler and digital coherent input-quadrature are introduced respectively.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are simply analyzed.
With the development and application of phase sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer(?-OTDR)technology,traditional amplitude demodulation method can not meet the needs of high quality sensing.Phase demodulation method has the advantages of high sensitivity and high accuracy in demodulation of phase information.In recent years,it has attracted wide attention at home and abroad.The research progress of phase demodulation in ?-OTDR system is reviewed.Demodulation methods based on phase generated carrier(PGC),3×3 coupler and digital coherent input-quadrature are introduced respectively.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are simply analyzed.
引文
[1]BAO X Y,CHEN L.Recent progress in distributed fiber optic sensors[J].Sensors,2012,12(7):8601-8639.
[2]JUAREZ J C,MAIER E W,CHOI K N,et al.Distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2005,23(6):2081-2087.
[3]YILMAZ G,KARLIK S E.A distributed optical fiber sensor for temperature detection in power cables[J].Sensors and Actuators,2006,A125(2):148-155.
[4]PENG F,DUAN N,RAO Y J,et al.Real-time position and speed monitoring of trains using phase-sensitive OTDR[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2014,26(20):2055-2057.
[5]ZOU D B,LIU H,ZHAO L,et al.Research on distributed optical fiber vibration sensing signal recognition[J].Laser Technology,2016,40(1):86-89(in Chinese).
[6]JUAREZ J C,TAYLOR H F.Field test of a distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system for long perimeters[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(11):1968-1971.
[7]ZHOU L,WANG F,WANG X Ch,et al.Distributed strain and vibration sensing system based on phase-sensitive OTDR[J].IEEEPhotonics Technology Letters,2015,27(17):1884-1887.
[8]WATKINS S E.Smart bridges with fiber-optic sensors[J].IEEE Instrumentation&Measurement Magazine,2003,6(2):25-30.
[9]HEALEY P.Fading in heterodyne OTDR[J].Electronics Letters,1984,20(1):30-32.
[10]BARNOSKI M K,ROURKE M D,JENSEN S M,et al.Optical time domain reflectometer[J].Applied Optics,1977,16(9):2375-2379.
[11]DANIELSON B L.Optical time-domain reflectometer specifications and performance testing[J].Applied Optics,1985,24(15):2313-2322.
[12]WANG M Y,SHENG L,TAO Y,et al.Influence of laser linewidth on the performance of-OTDR system[J].Laser Technology,2016,40(4):615-618(in Chinese).
[13]PAN Zh Q,LIANG K Zh,YE Q,et al.Phase-sensitive OTDR system based on digital coherent detection[J].Proceedings of the SPIE,2011,8311:1-6.
[14]LIANG K Zh,PAN Zh Q,ZHOU J,et al.Multi-parameter vibration detection system based on phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2012,39(8):0805004(in Chinese).
[15]MASOUDI A,BELAL M,NEWSON T P,et al.A distributed optical fibre dynamic strain sensor based on phase-OTDR[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2013,24(8):085204.
[16]ALEKSEEV A E,VDOVENKO V S,GORSHKOV B G,et al.Aphase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer with dual-pulse diverse frequency probe signal[J].Laser Physics,2014,24(24):115106.
[17]WANG Ch,WANG Ch,SHANG Y,et al.Distributed acoustic mapping based on interferometry of phase optical time-domain reflectometry[J].Optics Communications,2015,346:172-177
[18]WANG C,SHANG Y,LIU X,et al.Distributed OTDR-interferometric sensing network with identical ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings[J].Optics Express,2015,23(22):29038-29046.
[19]FANG G Sh,XU T W,FENG Sh W,et al.Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer based on phase-generated carrier algorithm[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(13):2811-2816.
[20]SHANG Y,YANG Y H,WANG Ch,et al.Optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing based on the self-interference of Rayleigh backscattering[J].Measurement,2016,79:222-227.
[21]WANG Z N,ZHANG L,WANG S,et al.Coherent-OTDR based on I/Q demodulation and homodyne detection[J].Optics Express,2016,24(2):853-858.
[22]MARTINS H F,SHI K,THOMSEN B C,et al.Real time dynamic strain monitoring of optical links using the backreflection of live PSKdata[J].Optics Express,2016,24(19):22303-22318.
[23]FAN X Y,YANG G Y,WANG Sh,et al.Distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing based on phase extraction from optical reflectometry[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2017,35(16):3281-3288.
[24]YANG G Y,FAN X Y,WANG Sh,et al.Long-range distributed vibration sensing based on phase extraction from phase-sensitive OTDR[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2016,8(3):1-12.
[25]TU G J,ZHANG X P,ZHANG Y X,et al.The development of an-OTDR system for quantitative vibration measurement[J].IEEEPhotonics Technology Letters,2015,27(12):1349-1352.
[26]ZHU F,ZHANG Y X,XIA L,et al.Improved-OTDR sensing system for high-precision dynamic strain measurement based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating array[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(23):4775-4780.
[27]TIAN Ch D,ZHANG H Y,ZHANG M,et al.Performance improvement of phase-generated carrier method by eliminating laser-intensity modulation for optical seismometer[J].Optical Engineering,2010,49(2):193-213.
[28]LIU Y,WANG L W,TIAN Ch D,et al.Analysis and optimization of the PGC method in all digital demodulation systems[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2008,26(18):3225-3233.
[29]DANDRIDGE A,TVETEN A B,GIALLORENZI T G,et al.Homodyne demodulation scheme for fiber optic sensors using phase generated carrier[J].IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1982,18(10):1647-1653.
[30]HE J,WANG L,LI F,et al.An ameliorated phase generated carrier demodulation algorithm with low harmonic distortion and high stability[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2010,28(22):3258-3265.
[31]BREGUET J,GISIN N.Interferometer using a 3×3 coupler and Faraday mirrors[J].Optics Letters,1995,20(12):1447-1449.
[32]TODD M D,SEAVER M,BUCHOLTZ F.Improved,operationallypassive interferometric demodulation method using 3×3 coupler[J].Electronics Letters,2002,38(15):784-786.
[33]SHEEM S K.Optical fiber interferometers with[3×3]directional couplers:Analysis[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1981,52(6):3865-3872.
[34]WU F,WU B K,YU W Zh,et al.Design of fiber optic sound sensor based on phase demodulation of 3×3 coupler[J].Laser Technology,2016,40(1):64-67(in Chinese).
[35]XU D,YANG F,CHEN D J,et al.Laser phase and frequency noise measurement by Michelson interferometer composed of a 3×3optical fiber coupler[J].Optics Express,2015,23(17):22386.
[36]TAYLOR M G.Phase estimation methods for optical coherent detection using digital signal processing[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2009,27(7):901-914.
[37]HO K C,CHAN Y T,INKOL R,et al.A digital quadrature demodulation system[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1996,32(4):1218-1227.
[38]LU Y L,ZHU T,CHEN L,et al.Distributed vibration sensor based on coherent detection of phase-OTDR[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2010,28(22):3243-3249.
[39]IP E,LAU A P,BARROS D J,et al.Coherent detection in optical fiber systems[J].Optics Express,2008,16(2):753-791.
[2]JUAREZ J C,MAIER E W,CHOI K N,et al.Distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2005,23(6):2081-2087.
[3]YILMAZ G,KARLIK S E.A distributed optical fiber sensor for temperature detection in power cables[J].Sensors and Actuators,2006,A125(2):148-155.
[4]PENG F,DUAN N,RAO Y J,et al.Real-time position and speed monitoring of trains using phase-sensitive OTDR[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2014,26(20):2055-2057.
[5]ZOU D B,LIU H,ZHAO L,et al.Research on distributed optical fiber vibration sensing signal recognition[J].Laser Technology,2016,40(1):86-89(in Chinese).
[6]JUAREZ J C,TAYLOR H F.Field test of a distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system for long perimeters[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(11):1968-1971.
[7]ZHOU L,WANG F,WANG X Ch,et al.Distributed strain and vibration sensing system based on phase-sensitive OTDR[J].IEEEPhotonics Technology Letters,2015,27(17):1884-1887.
[8]WATKINS S E.Smart bridges with fiber-optic sensors[J].IEEE Instrumentation&Measurement Magazine,2003,6(2):25-30.
[9]HEALEY P.Fading in heterodyne OTDR[J].Electronics Letters,1984,20(1):30-32.
[10]BARNOSKI M K,ROURKE M D,JENSEN S M,et al.Optical time domain reflectometer[J].Applied Optics,1977,16(9):2375-2379.
[11]DANIELSON B L.Optical time-domain reflectometer specifications and performance testing[J].Applied Optics,1985,24(15):2313-2322.
[12]WANG M Y,SHENG L,TAO Y,et al.Influence of laser linewidth on the performance of-OTDR system[J].Laser Technology,2016,40(4):615-618(in Chinese).
[13]PAN Zh Q,LIANG K Zh,YE Q,et al.Phase-sensitive OTDR system based on digital coherent detection[J].Proceedings of the SPIE,2011,8311:1-6.
[14]LIANG K Zh,PAN Zh Q,ZHOU J,et al.Multi-parameter vibration detection system based on phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2012,39(8):0805004(in Chinese).
[15]MASOUDI A,BELAL M,NEWSON T P,et al.A distributed optical fibre dynamic strain sensor based on phase-OTDR[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2013,24(8):085204.
[16]ALEKSEEV A E,VDOVENKO V S,GORSHKOV B G,et al.Aphase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer with dual-pulse diverse frequency probe signal[J].Laser Physics,2014,24(24):115106.
[17]WANG Ch,WANG Ch,SHANG Y,et al.Distributed acoustic mapping based on interferometry of phase optical time-domain reflectometry[J].Optics Communications,2015,346:172-177
[18]WANG C,SHANG Y,LIU X,et al.Distributed OTDR-interferometric sensing network with identical ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings[J].Optics Express,2015,23(22):29038-29046.
[19]FANG G Sh,XU T W,FENG Sh W,et al.Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer based on phase-generated carrier algorithm[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(13):2811-2816.
[20]SHANG Y,YANG Y H,WANG Ch,et al.Optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing based on the self-interference of Rayleigh backscattering[J].Measurement,2016,79:222-227.
[21]WANG Z N,ZHANG L,WANG S,et al.Coherent-OTDR based on I/Q demodulation and homodyne detection[J].Optics Express,2016,24(2):853-858.
[22]MARTINS H F,SHI K,THOMSEN B C,et al.Real time dynamic strain monitoring of optical links using the backreflection of live PSKdata[J].Optics Express,2016,24(19):22303-22318.
[23]FAN X Y,YANG G Y,WANG Sh,et al.Distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing based on phase extraction from optical reflectometry[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2017,35(16):3281-3288.
[24]YANG G Y,FAN X Y,WANG Sh,et al.Long-range distributed vibration sensing based on phase extraction from phase-sensitive OTDR[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2016,8(3):1-12.
[25]TU G J,ZHANG X P,ZHANG Y X,et al.The development of an-OTDR system for quantitative vibration measurement[J].IEEEPhotonics Technology Letters,2015,27(12):1349-1352.
[26]ZHU F,ZHANG Y X,XIA L,et al.Improved-OTDR sensing system for high-precision dynamic strain measurement based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating array[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(23):4775-4780.
[27]TIAN Ch D,ZHANG H Y,ZHANG M,et al.Performance improvement of phase-generated carrier method by eliminating laser-intensity modulation for optical seismometer[J].Optical Engineering,2010,49(2):193-213.
[28]LIU Y,WANG L W,TIAN Ch D,et al.Analysis and optimization of the PGC method in all digital demodulation systems[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2008,26(18):3225-3233.
[29]DANDRIDGE A,TVETEN A B,GIALLORENZI T G,et al.Homodyne demodulation scheme for fiber optic sensors using phase generated carrier[J].IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1982,18(10):1647-1653.
[30]HE J,WANG L,LI F,et al.An ameliorated phase generated carrier demodulation algorithm with low harmonic distortion and high stability[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2010,28(22):3258-3265.
[31]BREGUET J,GISIN N.Interferometer using a 3×3 coupler and Faraday mirrors[J].Optics Letters,1995,20(12):1447-1449.
[32]TODD M D,SEAVER M,BUCHOLTZ F.Improved,operationallypassive interferometric demodulation method using 3×3 coupler[J].Electronics Letters,2002,38(15):784-786.
[33]SHEEM S K.Optical fiber interferometers with[3×3]directional couplers:Analysis[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1981,52(6):3865-3872.
[34]WU F,WU B K,YU W Zh,et al.Design of fiber optic sound sensor based on phase demodulation of 3×3 coupler[J].Laser Technology,2016,40(1):64-67(in Chinese).
[35]XU D,YANG F,CHEN D J,et al.Laser phase and frequency noise measurement by Michelson interferometer composed of a 3×3optical fiber coupler[J].Optics Express,2015,23(17):22386.
[36]TAYLOR M G.Phase estimation methods for optical coherent detection using digital signal processing[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2009,27(7):901-914.
[37]HO K C,CHAN Y T,INKOL R,et al.A digital quadrature demodulation system[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1996,32(4):1218-1227.
[38]LU Y L,ZHU T,CHEN L,et al.Distributed vibration sensor based on coherent detection of phase-OTDR[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2010,28(22):3243-3249.
[39]IP E,LAU A P,BARROS D J,et al.Coherent detection in optical fiber systems[J].Optics Express,2008,16(2):753-791.