水热法制备S、N共掺杂碳点及其银离子的荧光检测
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摘要
以通过氢键形成分子单元的异硫氰酸胍为掺杂剂,采用一锅水热法制备了具有明亮蓝色荧光的S、N共掺杂碳点.结构表征显示,N和S元素能够通过杂环原子和碳点表面官能团的形式充分掺杂.该碳点溶液的光致发光最佳激发波长为395nm,对应发射谱从"激发独立"变为"激发依赖".在碳点的形成过程中,出现了一些分子级荧光团,随着碳化过程以表面官能团的形式键合在碳点的表面,这为该碳点作为银离子检测的传感探针提供了可能.碳点溶液荧光强度和银离子浓度在不同浓度范围内成线性关系,基团-S-C≡N能够促进银离子对碳点溶液荧光的猝灭效应.该碳点溶液制备方法简单、性能优异,为高效检测工业污染物中银离子的应用提供了一种可能的途径.
N and S co-doped carbon dots with bright blue emission have been synthesized by a facile onepot hydrothermal treatment.A specific compound,guanidine thiocyanate via a hydrogen bond to form the molecule unit,was chosen as the dopant.In the structure characterization,N and S elements could be sufficiently doped by means of the heteroatom or the functional groups bonded on the surface of carbon dots.The results of the photoluminescence spectra indicated a change of emission process from excitationindependent to excitation-dependent with the optimal excitation wavelength at 395 nm,suggesting that some small fluorophore molecules exist in citric acid-derived carbon dots solution and bond on the surface of the carbon dots after carbonization in view of the triexponential feature of fluorescence lifetimes of carbon dots.Now that so many fluorophores attach on the carbon dots surface,the as-prepared carbon dots were used as a sensing probe for the detection of silver ion.As expected,the changes of fluorescence intensities were linearly proportional to the different concentration ranges of silver ion.The-S-C≡N group could accelerate the quenching of carbon dots towards silver ion.The facile preparation method and high performace of as-prepared carbon dots provide a possible approach for efficient detection of silver ion for the application in industrial pollutants.
N and S co-doped carbon dots with bright blue emission have been synthesized by a facile onepot hydrothermal treatment.A specific compound,guanidine thiocyanate via a hydrogen bond to form the molecule unit,was chosen as the dopant.In the structure characterization,N and S elements could be sufficiently doped by means of the heteroatom or the functional groups bonded on the surface of carbon dots.The results of the photoluminescence spectra indicated a change of emission process from excitationindependent to excitation-dependent with the optimal excitation wavelength at 395 nm,suggesting that some small fluorophore molecules exist in citric acid-derived carbon dots solution and bond on the surface of the carbon dots after carbonization in view of the triexponential feature of fluorescence lifetimes of carbon dots.Now that so many fluorophores attach on the carbon dots surface,the as-prepared carbon dots were used as a sensing probe for the detection of silver ion.As expected,the changes of fluorescence intensities were linearly proportional to the different concentration ranges of silver ion.The-S-C≡N group could accelerate the quenching of carbon dots towards silver ion.The facile preparation method and high performace of as-prepared carbon dots provide a possible approach for efficient detection of silver ion for the application in industrial pollutants.
引文
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[26]LIAO S,ZHAO X,ZHU F,et al.Novel S,N-doped carbon quantum dot-based"off-on"fluorescent sensor for silver ion and cysteine[J].Talanta,2018,180:300-308.
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[3]SHAMSPUR T,MASHHADIZADEH M H,SHEIKHSHOAIE I.Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of silver ion after preconcentration on octadecyl silica membrane disk modified with bis[5-((4-nitrophenyl)azosalicylaldehyde)]as a new Schiff base ligand[J].Journa of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2003,18(18):1407-1410.
[4]LABORDA F,JIMENEZLAMANA J,BOLEA E,et al.Selective identification,characterization and determination of dissolved silver(I)and silver nanoparticles based on single particle detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2011,26(7):1362-1371.
[5]MIKELOVA R,BALOUN J,PETRLOVA J,et al.Electrochemical determination of Ag-ions in environment waters and their action on plant embryos[J].Bioelectrochemistry,2007,70(2):508-518.
[6]QIAN Z,MA J,SHAN X,et al.Highly luminescent N-doped carbon quantum dots as an effective multifunctional fluorescence sensing platform[J].Chemistry:A European Journal,2014,20(8):2254-2263.
[7]LI B,DU Y,DONG S.DNA based gold nanoparticles colorimetric sensors for sensitive and selective detection of Ag(I)ions[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2009,644(1-2):78-82.
[8]GAO F,MA S,LI J,et al.Rational design of high quality citric acid-derived carbon dots by selecting efficient chemical structure motifs[J].Carbon,2017,112:131-141.
[9]CHEN J,SHU J,CHEN J,et al.Highly luminescent S,N co-doped carbon quantum dots-sensitized chemiluminescence on luminol-H2O2system for the determination of ranitidine[J].Luminescence,2017,32(3):277-284.
[10]SUN X,HE J,MENG Y,et al.Microwave-assisted ultrafast and facile synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles from a single precursor:preparation,characterization and their application for the highly selective detection of explosive picric acid[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2016,4(11):4161-4171.
[11]ZHU S,ZHAO X,SONG Y,et al.Beyond bottom-up carbon nanodots:Citric-acid derived organic molecules[J].Nano Today,2016,11(2):128-132.
[12]LI L,YU B,YOU T.Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots for highly selective and sensitive detection of Hg(II)ions[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2015,74:263-269.
[13]ZONG J,YANG X,TRINCHI A,et al.Carbon dots as fluorescent probes for"off-on"detection of Cu2+and L-cysteine in aqueous solution[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2014,51:330-335.
[14]JU J,CHEN W.Synthesis of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for sensitive,label-free detection of Fe(III)in aqueous media[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2014,58:219-225.
[15]MADRAKIAN T,MALEKI S,GILAK S,et al.Turn-off fluorescence of amino-functionalized carbon quantum dots as effective fluorescent probes for determination of isotretinoin[J].Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2017,247:428-435.
[16]GEDDES C D,LAKOWICZ J R.Editorial Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence[J].Journal of Fluorescence,2002,12(2):121-129.
[17]WANG G,HOU H,WANG S,et al.Exploring the interaction of silver nanoparticles with lysozyme:Binding behaviors and kinetics[J].Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces,2017,157:138-145.
[18]RECKMEIER C J,SCHNEIDER J,SUSHA A S,et al.Luminescent colloidal carbon dots:optical properties and effects of doping[J].Optics Express,2016,24(2):312-340.
[19]YUAN Y,JIANG J,LIU S,et al.Fluorescent carbon dots for glyphosate determination based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer and logic gate operation[J].Sensors and Actuators B Chemical,2017,242:545-553.
[20]WANG J H,WANG H Q,ZHANG H L,et al.Purification of denatured bovine serum albumin coated CdTe quantum dots for sensitive detection of silver(I)ions[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.2007,388(4):969-974.
[21]CHEN X,CHEN Y,ZHOU X,et al.Detection of Ag+ions and cysteine based on chelation actions between Ag+ions and guanine bases[J].Talanta,2013,107:277-283.
[22]WANG Z X,DING S N.One-pot green synthesis of high quantum yield oxygen-doped,nitrogen-rich,photoluminescent polymer carbon nanoribbons as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of silver(I)and mercury(II)ions[J].Analytical Chemistry,2014,86(15):7436-7445.
[23]TABARAKI R,NATEGHI A.Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots:"Turn-off"fluorescent probe for detection of Ag+Ions[J].Journal of Fluorescence,2016,26(1):297-305.
[24]BIAN W,ZHANG H,YU Q,et al.Detection of Ag+using graphite carbon nitride nanosheets based on fluorescence quenching[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2016,169:122-127.
[25]BIAN S,SHEN C,QIAN Y,et al.Facile synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots as fluorescent sensing probes for Ag+ions detection[J].Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2017,242:231-237.
[26]LIAO S,ZHAO X,ZHU F,et al.Novel S,N-doped carbon quantum dot-based"off-on"fluorescent sensor for silver ion and cysteine[J].Talanta,2018,180:300-308.