资本主义知识产权垄断的新表现及其实质
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摘要
知识经济时代的到来、经济全球化的发展和国际知识产权制度的确立为发达国家知识产权国际垄断的形成奠定了基础,知识产权垄断成为资本主义垄断的新特征。该垄断的形式多样,包括专利垄断、著作权垄断、申遗垄断、商业秘密垄断、植物基因开发垄断等。发达资本主义国家知识产权国际垄断不仅违反了法律、推卸了企业社会责任、侵害了社会公共利益,还违背了知识产权制度建立的初衷。知识产权垄断的实质在于从发展中国家攫取高额垄断利润,掠夺社会财富,限制甚至扼杀发展中国家的科技创新,最终遏制发展中国家的发展甚至生存。面对这一问题,发展中国家应采取积极措施有效应对。
The age of knowledge economy,the development of economic globalization and the establishment of the international intellectual property system have laid the foundation for the formation of the international monopoly of intellectual property rights by developed countries. The monopoly of intellectual property has become a new feature of capitalist monopoly. There are various forms of monopoly,such as patent,copyright,the application for the list of world heritage,trade secret,plant gene development and so on. The international monopoly of intellectual property by developed capitalist countries not only violates the law,social responsibility of corporates and public interests,but also contradicts the original intention of intellectual property system. The essence of intellectual property monopoly lies in seizing high monopoly profits from developing countries,plundering social wealth,restricting or even trying to stifle the scientific and technological innovation of developing countries in the field of intellectual property,and ultimately curbing the development and survival of developing countries. Developing countries should take positive measures to deal with this problem effectively.
The age of knowledge economy,the development of economic globalization and the establishment of the international intellectual property system have laid the foundation for the formation of the international monopoly of intellectual property rights by developed countries. The monopoly of intellectual property has become a new feature of capitalist monopoly. There are various forms of monopoly,such as patent,copyright,the application for the list of world heritage,trade secret,plant gene development and so on. The international monopoly of intellectual property by developed capitalist countries not only violates the law,social responsibility of corporates and public interests,but also contradicts the original intention of intellectual property system. The essence of intellectual property monopoly lies in seizing high monopoly profits from developing countries,plundering social wealth,restricting or even trying to stifle the scientific and technological innovation of developing countries in the field of intellectual property,and ultimately curbing the development and survival of developing countries. Developing countries should take positive measures to deal with this problem effectively.
引文
[1] 吕明瑜:《知识产权垄断的法律控制》,北京:法律出版社,2013年。
[2] 王先林:《知识产权与反垄断法:知识产权滥用的反垄断》,北京:法律出版社,2008年。
[3] 张文祥:《区域垄断资本主义研究》,北京:经济科学出版社,2007年。
[4] 李琮:《当代国际垄断:巨型跨国公司综论》,北京:经济管理出版社,2007年。
[5] [美]吉斯特:《美国垄断史:帝国的缔造者和他们的敌人》,傅浩、钱钢等译,北京:经济科学出版社,2004年。
[6] 朱亚坤:《列宁的帝国主义理论及对考茨基的批判——兼论当今金融垄断资本主义时代》,《马克思主义研究》2018年第3期。
(1)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Empire,Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2000,p.25.
(2)George Gordon and Robert J.Hoerner,Overview and Historical Development of the Misuse Doctrine in Intellectual Property Misuse:Licensing and Litigation,Chicago:Aba Professional Education,2000,p.125.
(3)Herbert J.Hovenkamp,Mark D.Janis,& Mark A.Lemley,IP and Antitrust:An Analysis of Antitrust Principles Applied to Intellectual Property Law,Austin:Aspen Publishers,2007,p.58.
(4)Brink Lindsey and Steven Teles,The Captured Economy:How the Powerful Enrich Themselves,Slow Down Growth,and Increase Inequality,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2017,p.165.
(5)Ugo Pagano,The Crisis of Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism,Daegu:South Korea:KAPE Conference,2011,p.69.
(6)马传兵:《论无形资本的扩张性与第三次资本扩张》,《中央财经大学学报》2006年第7期。
(7)伍静:《知识垄断:资本主义国家垄断的新形式》,《齐鲁学刊》2004年第3期。
(8)冯晓青、陈啸、罗娇:《“高通模式”反垄断调查的知识产权分析:以利益平衡理论为视角》,《电子知识产权》2014年第3期。
(9)庄子银、李宏武:《贸易、知识产权与出口企业创新:基于美国337调查的实证分析》,《世界经济研究》2018年第4期。
(10)姜江:《美国是全球知识产权交易的最大受益者不是“受害者”》,http://ip.people.com.cn/GB/n1/2018/0711/c179663-30140112.html。
(11)参见李萍:《论跨国公司知识产权输出与垄断——现阶段资本主义的一个新特征》,《马克思主义研究》2011年第5期。
(12)Richard Gilbert and Carl Shapiro,“Antitrust Issues in the Licensing of Intellectual Property:the Nine No-no's Meet the Nineties”,Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,1997 Special Issue Microeconomics.
(13)英文为patent pool,是指两个以上的专利权人为了将专利相互交叉许可,或者集中许可给第三方而组成的专利集合。
(14)陆夏:《当代国际垄断资本的形态演化与技术全球垄断新战略》,《马克思主义研究》2016年第11期。
(15)参见马一德:《为海外引进人才提供法律保障》,《环球时报》2016年1月6日。
[2] 王先林:《知识产权与反垄断法:知识产权滥用的反垄断》,北京:法律出版社,2008年。
[3] 张文祥:《区域垄断资本主义研究》,北京:经济科学出版社,2007年。
[4] 李琮:《当代国际垄断:巨型跨国公司综论》,北京:经济管理出版社,2007年。
[5] [美]吉斯特:《美国垄断史:帝国的缔造者和他们的敌人》,傅浩、钱钢等译,北京:经济科学出版社,2004年。
[6] 朱亚坤:《列宁的帝国主义理论及对考茨基的批判——兼论当今金融垄断资本主义时代》,《马克思主义研究》2018年第3期。
(1)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Empire,Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2000,p.25.
(2)George Gordon and Robert J.Hoerner,Overview and Historical Development of the Misuse Doctrine in Intellectual Property Misuse:Licensing and Litigation,Chicago:Aba Professional Education,2000,p.125.
(3)Herbert J.Hovenkamp,Mark D.Janis,& Mark A.Lemley,IP and Antitrust:An Analysis of Antitrust Principles Applied to Intellectual Property Law,Austin:Aspen Publishers,2007,p.58.
(4)Brink Lindsey and Steven Teles,The Captured Economy:How the Powerful Enrich Themselves,Slow Down Growth,and Increase Inequality,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2017,p.165.
(5)Ugo Pagano,The Crisis of Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism,Daegu:South Korea:KAPE Conference,2011,p.69.
(6)马传兵:《论无形资本的扩张性与第三次资本扩张》,《中央财经大学学报》2006年第7期。
(7)伍静:《知识垄断:资本主义国家垄断的新形式》,《齐鲁学刊》2004年第3期。
(8)冯晓青、陈啸、罗娇:《“高通模式”反垄断调查的知识产权分析:以利益平衡理论为视角》,《电子知识产权》2014年第3期。
(9)庄子银、李宏武:《贸易、知识产权与出口企业创新:基于美国337调查的实证分析》,《世界经济研究》2018年第4期。
(10)姜江:《美国是全球知识产权交易的最大受益者不是“受害者”》,http://ip.people.com.cn/GB/n1/2018/0711/c179663-30140112.html。
(11)参见李萍:《论跨国公司知识产权输出与垄断——现阶段资本主义的一个新特征》,《马克思主义研究》2011年第5期。
(12)Richard Gilbert and Carl Shapiro,“Antitrust Issues in the Licensing of Intellectual Property:the Nine No-no's Meet the Nineties”,Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,1997 Special Issue Microeconomics.
(13)英文为patent pool,是指两个以上的专利权人为了将专利相互交叉许可,或者集中许可给第三方而组成的专利集合。
(14)陆夏:《当代国际垄断资本的形态演化与技术全球垄断新战略》,《马克思主义研究》2016年第11期。
(15)参见马一德:《为海外引进人才提供法律保障》,《环球时报》2016年1月6日。