主动型过电压保护间隙场击穿触发回路的暂态特性研究
|
摘要
针对主动型过电压保护间隙(SPG)研究中仅从触发回路的结构及材料角度难以分析其性能差异的机理,通过建立组合波注入下触发回路的等效模型,获得了触发回路输出电压的暂态解析式。基于触发回路的电压动作过程、触发电流与主间隙电流的数值关系、发生时序的理论分析及实验验证,得出了触发回路响应时间及保护间隙击穿电压的变化规律。研究发现:触发回路中耦合气体放电管动作滞后于压敏电阻,其动作时刻主间隙两端电压约为压敏电阻阈值电压U1mA与耦合气体放电管动作电压UGM之和;触发电流I1在时间上先于主间隙电流I2出现,但在数值上I1远小于I2;触发回路中耦合气体放电管及触发间隙的响应时间t1、t2随冲击电压峰值Um的增大而减小,与之对应的主动型SPG的响应时间t3及压比K远小于被动型SPG约2.224μs的响应时间及2.42的压比。该结果可为主动型过电压保护间隙触发特性的研究及优化提供理论与实验基础。
To overcome the difficulties in analyzing the mechanism of performance differences among the active surge protection gaps(SPG)by merely changing the structures or materials of trigger circuits,an output voltage transient formula of the trigger circuit is obtained by establishing an equivalent model of the trigger circuit under combined wave.On the basis of the quantitative analysis and experiment,the trigger circuit dynamic voltage changing sequences,the numerical relationship and action series between the trigger current and main gap current,the response time of the trigger circuit,and the voltage changing regularities of SPG are obtained.It is found that:the coupled gas discharge tube in the trigger circuit lag acts behind the varistors;the voltage of main gap approximately reaches the sum of threshold voltage of varistor U1 mAand gas discharge tube action voltage UGM while gas discharge tube acts;the trigger current I1 appears before main gap current I2 but is much smaller than I2;the response time of the coupled gas discharge tube t1 and the trigger gap t2 decrease with the increasing impulse peak voltage;and theresponse time t3 and the voltage ratio K of the active SPG are far less than the values 2μs and2.42 of the passive SPG.
To overcome the difficulties in analyzing the mechanism of performance differences among the active surge protection gaps(SPG)by merely changing the structures or materials of trigger circuits,an output voltage transient formula of the trigger circuit is obtained by establishing an equivalent model of the trigger circuit under combined wave.On the basis of the quantitative analysis and experiment,the trigger circuit dynamic voltage changing sequences,the numerical relationship and action series between the trigger current and main gap current,the response time of the trigger circuit,and the voltage changing regularities of SPG are obtained.It is found that:the coupled gas discharge tube in the trigger circuit lag acts behind the varistors;the voltage of main gap approximately reaches the sum of threshold voltage of varistor U1 mAand gas discharge tube action voltage UGM while gas discharge tube acts;the trigger current I1 appears before main gap current I2 but is much smaller than I2;the response time of the coupled gas discharge tube t1 and the trigger gap t2 decrease with the increasing impulse peak voltage;and theresponse time t3 and the voltage ratio K of the active SPG are far less than the values 2μs and2.42 of the passive SPG.
引文
[1]IEC.Protection of structures against lightning:part 1General principles,IEC61024[S].Geneva,Switzerland:IEC,1990.
[2]IEC.Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse:part 1 General principles,IEC61312[S].Geneva,Switzerland:IEC,1995.
[3]IEC.Low-voltage surge protective devices:part 1Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems-requirements and tests,IEC61643-1[S].2nd ed.Geneva,Switzerland:IEC,2005.
[4]IEC.Protection against lightning,part 4:electrical and electronic systems within structures,IEC62305-4[S].Geneva,Switzerland:IEC,2006.
[5]LAI J,MARTZLOFF F D.Coordinating cascaded surge protection devices:high-low versus low-high[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1993,29(4):680-687.
[6]CHRYSANTHOS C,BOKSINER J.Analysis of coordination between primary and secondary protectors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1997,12(4):1501-1507.
[7]袁智勇,许菁,何金良,等.低压浪涌保护器的有效保护距离[J].高电压技术,2003,29(8):29-31.YUAN Zhiyong,XU Jing,HE Jinliang,et al.Analysis of the effective protection distance of low-voltage SPD to equipment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2003,29(8):29-31.
[8]HE Jinling,YUAN Zhiyong,XU Jing,et al.Evaluation of the effective protection distance of low-voltage SPD to equipment[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(1):123-130.
[9]徐祝勤.德国新一代主动能量控制退耦技术的发展及其产品介绍[C]∥第三届中国防雷论坛论文集.北京:中国气象学会,2004:187-190.
[10]AIT-AMAR S,DUCOURNEAU J B,SERRIE G,et al.Arc extinguishing method of SPD type 1[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(3):711-717.
[11]YAO Xueling,CHEN Jingliang.An active triggered surge protective gap[J].Plasma Science Technology,2012,14(8):759-764.
[12]YAO Xueling,CHEN Jingliang,CHEN Antong.Research of surge protective gap with active-energy-coupling-triggered circuit[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2011,39(11):3222-3226.
[13]许年生,刘明东.开关型SPD触发技术的探讨[J].低压电器,2010(7):14-17.XU Niansheng,LIU Mingdong.Research on trigger technology for switching type SPD[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2010(7):14-17.
[14]王石成,杜志航,曹新星,等.触发、灭弧技术在几种开关型SPD上的应用分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(5):80-86.WANG Shicheng,DU Zhihang,CAO Xinxing,et al.Analysis on the application of triggering and arc extinction technologies on several switching type SPDs[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(5):80-86.
[15]方晶,毛承雄,陆继明,等.ZnO压敏电阻在高压变频器过电压保护中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(4):145-152.FANG Jing,MAO Chengxiong,LU Jiming,et al.Application of ZnO varistor in overvoltage protection of neutral point clamped three-level high voltage inverter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,24(4):145-152.
[2]IEC.Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse:part 1 General principles,IEC61312[S].Geneva,Switzerland:IEC,1995.
[3]IEC.Low-voltage surge protective devices:part 1Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems-requirements and tests,IEC61643-1[S].2nd ed.Geneva,Switzerland:IEC,2005.
[4]IEC.Protection against lightning,part 4:electrical and electronic systems within structures,IEC62305-4[S].Geneva,Switzerland:IEC,2006.
[5]LAI J,MARTZLOFF F D.Coordinating cascaded surge protection devices:high-low versus low-high[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1993,29(4):680-687.
[6]CHRYSANTHOS C,BOKSINER J.Analysis of coordination between primary and secondary protectors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1997,12(4):1501-1507.
[7]袁智勇,许菁,何金良,等.低压浪涌保护器的有效保护距离[J].高电压技术,2003,29(8):29-31.YUAN Zhiyong,XU Jing,HE Jinliang,et al.Analysis of the effective protection distance of low-voltage SPD to equipment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2003,29(8):29-31.
[8]HE Jinling,YUAN Zhiyong,XU Jing,et al.Evaluation of the effective protection distance of low-voltage SPD to equipment[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(1):123-130.
[9]徐祝勤.德国新一代主动能量控制退耦技术的发展及其产品介绍[C]∥第三届中国防雷论坛论文集.北京:中国气象学会,2004:187-190.
[10]AIT-AMAR S,DUCOURNEAU J B,SERRIE G,et al.Arc extinguishing method of SPD type 1[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(3):711-717.
[11]YAO Xueling,CHEN Jingliang.An active triggered surge protective gap[J].Plasma Science Technology,2012,14(8):759-764.
[12]YAO Xueling,CHEN Jingliang,CHEN Antong.Research of surge protective gap with active-energy-coupling-triggered circuit[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2011,39(11):3222-3226.
[13]许年生,刘明东.开关型SPD触发技术的探讨[J].低压电器,2010(7):14-17.XU Niansheng,LIU Mingdong.Research on trigger technology for switching type SPD[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2010(7):14-17.
[14]王石成,杜志航,曹新星,等.触发、灭弧技术在几种开关型SPD上的应用分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(5):80-86.WANG Shicheng,DU Zhihang,CAO Xinxing,et al.Analysis on the application of triggering and arc extinction technologies on several switching type SPDs[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(5):80-86.
[15]方晶,毛承雄,陆继明,等.ZnO压敏电阻在高压变频器过电压保护中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(4):145-152.FANG Jing,MAO Chengxiong,LU Jiming,et al.Application of ZnO varistor in overvoltage protection of neutral point clamped three-level high voltage inverter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,24(4):145-152.