高压直流输电开路试验机理分析及解析计算
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摘要
高压直流开路试验(Open Line Test, OLT)是检测换流阀、直流场设备、直流输电线路绝缘是否正常的重要手段。基于电力电子理论和电路理论,采用高压直流工程中换流阀实际运行参数及其触发控制方式,对高压直流开路试验建立可定量计算的等效电路。分别对带和不带直流线路开路试验的试验原理及开路电压建立过程进行解析分析和定量计算,解释了两种工况下开路电压建立的原理与物理本质。采用等效电路定量计算不同工况下开路试验电压,计算结果相比于传统公式误差显著降低。在PSCAD/EMTDC中利用CIGRE高压直流标准测试模型,对计算结果进行了仿真验证。
HVDC transmission Open Line Test(OLT) is the normal operation of an important means to detect the converter valves, DC equipment, and DC transmission line insulation. In this paper, the equivalent circuit for quantitative calculation of HVDC OLT is established based on the theory of power electronics and circuit theory and combined with the actual operating parameters and trigger control mode of converter valve in HVDC project. This paper analyzes and calculates the test principle with and without DC line OLT respectively and the process of establishing the open line voltage, and explains the principle and physical essence of establishing open line voltage under the two conditions. On this basis, the equivalent circuit is used to calculate the voltage of OLT under different conditions. The calculation results are more accurate than the traditional formula. The CIGRE simulation model of HVDC system is built by using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, and the simulation results are analyzed and verified.
HVDC transmission Open Line Test(OLT) is the normal operation of an important means to detect the converter valves, DC equipment, and DC transmission line insulation. In this paper, the equivalent circuit for quantitative calculation of HVDC OLT is established based on the theory of power electronics and circuit theory and combined with the actual operating parameters and trigger control mode of converter valve in HVDC project. This paper analyzes and calculates the test principle with and without DC line OLT respectively and the process of establishing the open line voltage, and explains the principle and physical essence of establishing open line voltage under the two conditions. On this basis, the equivalent circuit is used to calculate the voltage of OLT under different conditions. The calculation results are more accurate than the traditional formula. The CIGRE simulation model of HVDC system is built by using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, and the simulation results are analyzed and verified.
引文
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[3]陶瑜.葛洲坝-上海直流输电线路空载加压试验[J].电网技术,1990,5(2):15-19.TAO Yu.Load pressure test of Gezhouba Dam Shanghai DC transmission line[J].Power System Technology,1990,5(2):15-19.
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[5]李泰.高压直流输电系统开路试验原理分析与工程建议[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(11):134-141.LI Tai.Analyses on the principle of open line test in HVDC and some suggestion for its practice[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(11):134-141.
[6]张烁.高压直流输电系统开路电压的研究[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(11):95-101.ZHANG Shuo.Open line voltage of HVDC transmission system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(11):95-101.
[7]王明新,谢国平.高压直流输电开路试验原理的探讨[J].电网技术,2004,28(22):11-14.WANG Mingxin,XIE Guoping.Investigation on open line test principle of HVDC[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(22):11-14.
[8]杨敏,孙志军,李楠,等.直流输电换流阀点火脉冲的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(14):126-129.YANG Min,SUN Zhijun,LI Nan,et al.Design of firing pulse used for valves control in HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(14):126-129.
[9]KUNDUR P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1994.
[10]浙江大学直流输电编写组.直流输电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1982.
[11]陈仕龙,束洪春,万春红,等.一种特高压直流输电线路单端电压暂态保护原理[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):26-31.CHEN Shilong,SHU Hongchun,WAN Chunhong,et al.The principle of single-ended transient based voltage protection for UHVDC transmission line[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):26-31.
[12]李侠,陈干.高压直流输电开路试验中换流阀设备保护的探索[J].高压电器,2012,48(3):86-88.LI Xia,CHEN Gan.Case study on converter valve protection in open circuit test[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(3):86-88.
[13]林磊,陈川,胡鑫,等.不同故障下特高压换流变压器差动保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(21):123-133.LIN Lei,CHEN Chuan,HU Xin,et al.Research on the characteristics of ultra-high voltage converter transformer differential protection under the internal and external faults[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(21):123-133.
[14]王峰,徐政,黄莹,等.高压直流输电主回路稳态参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(5):320-327.WANG Feng,XU Zheng,HUANG Ying,et al.Calculation of main circuit parameters for HVDC transmission[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(5):320-327.
[15]周国伟,顾用地,周建平,等.特高压直流输电系统非特征谐波分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):122-128.ZHOU Guowei,GU Yongdi,ZHOU Jianping,et al.Analysis of non-characteristic harmonic in UHVDCsystem[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(3):122-128.
[16]阴春晓,艾芊.高压直流线路开路试验的控制原理及保护分析[J].电力与能源,2012,33(6):521-525.YIN Chunxiao,AI Qian.Control principle and protection analysis of the HVDC open line test[J].Power&Energy,2012,33(6):521-525.
[17]祁招,杨会磊,胡子健,等.一种基于直流输电换流阀阀控设备的触发测试系统[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):125-129.QI Zhao,YANG Huilei,HU Zijian,et al.Design of automatic test system for triggering function of HVDCvalve control equipment[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):125-129.
[18]那虎.高压直流输电用直流转换开关试验回路研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[19]田杰.高压直流控制保护系统的设计与实现[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25(9):10-14.TIAN Jie.Design and realization of HVDC control and protection system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2005,25(9):10-14.
[20]TOKUYANA S,ARIMATSU K,YOSHIOKA Y.Development and interrupting tests on 250 k V 8 k AHVDC circuit breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1985,104(9):2453-2459.
[21]那虎,丁正平,孙晋峰,等.高压直流输电用无源型直流转换开关电弧电流特性研究[J].高压电器,2012,48(9):67-71.NA Hu,DING Zhengping,SUN Jinfeng,et al.Arc current characteristic of DC circuit breaker in HVDCtransmission and distribution system[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(9):67-71.
[22]裴旵,吕思颖,秦昕,等.特高压直流输电系统换流站故障过电压研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(12):149-154.PEI Chan,LüSiying,QIN Xin,et al.Study on fault overvoltage of converter station of UHVDC power transmission system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(12):149-154.
[23]石岩,徐玲铃,陶瑜,等.背靠背换流站极控系统的研究[J].高电压技术,2004,30(9):832-835.SHI Yan,XU Lingling,TAO Yu,et al.Study on BTBHVDC pole control system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(9):832-835.
[24]邓文斌,王世荣,朱俊,等.±500 kV贵广直流输电系统空载加压试验分析[J].高压电器,2012,48(10):126-130.DENG Wenbin,WANG Shirong,ZHU Jun,et al.Analysis on±500 kV Gui-Guang HVDC system open line test[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(10):126-130.
[25]刘颖,戴栋,汪娟娟,等.基于逆变侧定电压控制的HVDC系统稳态和暂态响应特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(24):1-8.LIU Ying,DAI Dong,WANG Juanjuan,et al.Transient and steady responses in HVDC system based on constant voltage control at inverter side[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(24):1-8.
[26]宋军英,王炜宇,姜学皎,等.网络参数对电网暂态稳定性的影响[J].中国电力,2017,50(8):87-92.SONG Junying,WANG Weiyu,JIANG Xuejiao,et al.The impact of grid parameters on transient stability[J].Electric Power,2017,50(8):87-92.
[27]刘丽娜,陶加祥,张业茂,等.特高压交流示范工程输电线路电磁环境实测分析[J].中国电力,2017,50(10):46-51.LIU Lina,TAO Jiaxiang,ZHANG Yemao,et al.Onsite measurement and analysis of transmission line electromagnetic environment for UHV AC demonstration project[J].Electric Power,2017,50(10):46-51.
[2]刘宣宣.云广直流输电工程空载加压试验分析[J].电力建设,2011,32(8):45-48.LIU Xuanxuan.Analysis of open line test in YunnanGuangdong UHVDC transmission project[J].Electric Power Construction,2011,32(8):45-48.
[3]陶瑜.葛洲坝-上海直流输电线路空载加压试验[J].电网技术,1990,5(2):15-19.TAO Yu.Load pressure test of Gezhouba Dam Shanghai DC transmission line[J].Power System Technology,1990,5(2):15-19.
[4]李志平.高压直流开路电压建立过程分析[J].南方电网技术,2014,8(3):37-41.LI Zhiping.Analysis on the voltage building process of HVDC open circuits[J].Southern Power System Technology,2014,8(3):37-41.
[5]李泰.高压直流输电系统开路试验原理分析与工程建议[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(11):134-141.LI Tai.Analyses on the principle of open line test in HVDC and some suggestion for its practice[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(11):134-141.
[6]张烁.高压直流输电系统开路电压的研究[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(11):95-101.ZHANG Shuo.Open line voltage of HVDC transmission system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(11):95-101.
[7]王明新,谢国平.高压直流输电开路试验原理的探讨[J].电网技术,2004,28(22):11-14.WANG Mingxin,XIE Guoping.Investigation on open line test principle of HVDC[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(22):11-14.
[8]杨敏,孙志军,李楠,等.直流输电换流阀点火脉冲的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(14):126-129.YANG Min,SUN Zhijun,LI Nan,et al.Design of firing pulse used for valves control in HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(14):126-129.
[9]KUNDUR P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1994.
[10]浙江大学直流输电编写组.直流输电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1982.
[11]陈仕龙,束洪春,万春红,等.一种特高压直流输电线路单端电压暂态保护原理[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):26-31.CHEN Shilong,SHU Hongchun,WAN Chunhong,et al.The principle of single-ended transient based voltage protection for UHVDC transmission line[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):26-31.
[12]李侠,陈干.高压直流输电开路试验中换流阀设备保护的探索[J].高压电器,2012,48(3):86-88.LI Xia,CHEN Gan.Case study on converter valve protection in open circuit test[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(3):86-88.
[13]林磊,陈川,胡鑫,等.不同故障下特高压换流变压器差动保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(21):123-133.LIN Lei,CHEN Chuan,HU Xin,et al.Research on the characteristics of ultra-high voltage converter transformer differential protection under the internal and external faults[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(21):123-133.
[14]王峰,徐政,黄莹,等.高压直流输电主回路稳态参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(5):320-327.WANG Feng,XU Zheng,HUANG Ying,et al.Calculation of main circuit parameters for HVDC transmission[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(5):320-327.
[15]周国伟,顾用地,周建平,等.特高压直流输电系统非特征谐波分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):122-128.ZHOU Guowei,GU Yongdi,ZHOU Jianping,et al.Analysis of non-characteristic harmonic in UHVDCsystem[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(3):122-128.
[16]阴春晓,艾芊.高压直流线路开路试验的控制原理及保护分析[J].电力与能源,2012,33(6):521-525.YIN Chunxiao,AI Qian.Control principle and protection analysis of the HVDC open line test[J].Power&Energy,2012,33(6):521-525.
[17]祁招,杨会磊,胡子健,等.一种基于直流输电换流阀阀控设备的触发测试系统[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):125-129.QI Zhao,YANG Huilei,HU Zijian,et al.Design of automatic test system for triggering function of HVDCvalve control equipment[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):125-129.
[18]那虎.高压直流输电用直流转换开关试验回路研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[19]田杰.高压直流控制保护系统的设计与实现[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25(9):10-14.TIAN Jie.Design and realization of HVDC control and protection system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2005,25(9):10-14.
[20]TOKUYANA S,ARIMATSU K,YOSHIOKA Y.Development and interrupting tests on 250 k V 8 k AHVDC circuit breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1985,104(9):2453-2459.
[21]那虎,丁正平,孙晋峰,等.高压直流输电用无源型直流转换开关电弧电流特性研究[J].高压电器,2012,48(9):67-71.NA Hu,DING Zhengping,SUN Jinfeng,et al.Arc current characteristic of DC circuit breaker in HVDCtransmission and distribution system[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(9):67-71.
[22]裴旵,吕思颖,秦昕,等.特高压直流输电系统换流站故障过电压研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(12):149-154.PEI Chan,LüSiying,QIN Xin,et al.Study on fault overvoltage of converter station of UHVDC power transmission system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(12):149-154.
[23]石岩,徐玲铃,陶瑜,等.背靠背换流站极控系统的研究[J].高电压技术,2004,30(9):832-835.SHI Yan,XU Lingling,TAO Yu,et al.Study on BTBHVDC pole control system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(9):832-835.
[24]邓文斌,王世荣,朱俊,等.±500 kV贵广直流输电系统空载加压试验分析[J].高压电器,2012,48(10):126-130.DENG Wenbin,WANG Shirong,ZHU Jun,et al.Analysis on±500 kV Gui-Guang HVDC system open line test[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(10):126-130.
[25]刘颖,戴栋,汪娟娟,等.基于逆变侧定电压控制的HVDC系统稳态和暂态响应特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(24):1-8.LIU Ying,DAI Dong,WANG Juanjuan,et al.Transient and steady responses in HVDC system based on constant voltage control at inverter side[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(24):1-8.
[26]宋军英,王炜宇,姜学皎,等.网络参数对电网暂态稳定性的影响[J].中国电力,2017,50(8):87-92.SONG Junying,WANG Weiyu,JIANG Xuejiao,et al.The impact of grid parameters on transient stability[J].Electric Power,2017,50(8):87-92.
[27]刘丽娜,陶加祥,张业茂,等.特高压交流示范工程输电线路电磁环境实测分析[J].中国电力,2017,50(10):46-51.LIU Lina,TAO Jiaxiang,ZHANG Yemao,et al.Onsite measurement and analysis of transmission line electromagnetic environment for UHV AC demonstration project[J].Electric Power,2017,50(10):46-51.