基于小波能量熵的超高压交流线路暂态保护研究
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摘要
基于故障暂态量分布特征的线路保护不受系统运行方式、工频振荡等影响,对故障的判别更加快速、准确。线路发生区外故障时,高频成分在经过线路边界时发生明显的透反射效应,造成能量上的损耗,故障电流中高频含量低;而区内故障则不存在这个现象,故障电流中高频含量高。基于线路故障时产生的宽带高频暂态电流分量,利用D2小波能量谱实现故障的快速检测,并构造了小波能量熵量化描述高频暂态电流成分的能量分布,实现区内、外故障的判别。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建仿真模型,结果表明:该算法能很好地进行线路故障的快速检测及区内、外故障的判别,受故障类型、故障位置等因素的影响小。
The line protection based on fault transient distribution characteristics is not affected by system operation mode,power frequency oscillation and other factors,which has faster and more accurate fault identification. When the external fault occurs,the high frequency component has obvious reflection effect while passing through the line boundary,which results in energy loss and low content of high frequency in fault current. However,there is no such problem in internal fault,the content of high frequency in fault current is high. According to the wideband high frequency transient current component generated by line fault,this paper adopted the D2 wavelet energy spectrum to detect the fault quickly and constructed the wavelet energy entropy to obtain quantized description of energy distribution of the high frequency transient current component,thus distinguishing the internal and external fault. A simulation model was established on PSCAD/EMTDC,and the results show that the algorithm has good performance in detecting line faults and distinguishing internal and external faults and is almost free from the influence of fault type,location and other factors.
The line protection based on fault transient distribution characteristics is not affected by system operation mode,power frequency oscillation and other factors,which has faster and more accurate fault identification. When the external fault occurs,the high frequency component has obvious reflection effect while passing through the line boundary,which results in energy loss and low content of high frequency in fault current. However,there is no such problem in internal fault,the content of high frequency in fault current is high. According to the wideband high frequency transient current component generated by line fault,this paper adopted the D2 wavelet energy spectrum to detect the fault quickly and constructed the wavelet energy entropy to obtain quantized description of energy distribution of the high frequency transient current component,thus distinguishing the internal and external fault. A simulation model was established on PSCAD/EMTDC,and the results show that the algorithm has good performance in detecting line faults and distinguishing internal and external faults and is almost free from the influence of fault type,location and other factors.
引文
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[16]余畅,尹项根,曾祥君,等.基于小波分析的多尺度下综合行波故障定位[J].电力自动化设备,2001,21(6):6-9.YU Chang,YIN X G,ZENG X J,et al.Fault location based on comprehensive wavelet analysis at different scales[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2001,21(6):6-9.
[17]杨淑英,王丽宏,杜荣华,等.电力系统暂态保护中小波基的选择与应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2008,20(5):106-111.YANG S Y,WANG L H,DU R H,et al.Selection and application of mother wavelet in the electric power system transient protection[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2008,20(5):106-111.
[18]李浩茹,陈继开,李浩昱,等.基于Shannon小波能量熵与FFT的电力系统谐波检测方法研究[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2008,20(5):106-111.LI H R,CHEN J K,LI H Y,et al.Research on approach of power system hamonic detection based on Shannon wavelet energy entropy and FFT[J].Industrial Instrumentation&Automation,2008,20(5):106-111.
[19]张斌,何正友,钱清泉.基于小波能量熵和模糊逻辑的故障选相元件[J].电网技术,2006,30(15):30-35.ZHANG B,HE ZH Y,QIAN Q Q.A faulty phase selector based on wavelet energy entropy and fuzzy logic[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(15):30-35.
[20]陈继开,周志宇,李浩昱,等.快速小波熵输电系统暂态信号特征提取研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):219-225.CHEN J K,ZHOU Z Y,LI H Y,et al.Study of fast wavelet entropy’s application in feature extraction of transient signals in transmission line[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(12):219-225.
[2]赵志民,秦立军,刘世民,等.继电保护测试技术的现状与发展[J].现代电力,2002,19(1):43-48.ZHAO Z J,QIN L J,LIU S M,et al.Status and developments of relay protection testing technology[J].Modern Electric Power,2002,19(1):43-48.
[3]张保会,郝治国,ZHIQIAN BO.智能电网继电保护研究的进展(一)---故障甄别新原理[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(1):1-6.ZHANG B H,HAO Z G,ZHIQIAN BO.Development of relay protection for smart grid(1):new principles of fault distinction[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2010,30(1):1-6.
[4]张保会,段建东.输电线路暂态量保护的研究进展[J].电力科学与技术学报,2008,23(4):3-12.ZHANG B H,DUAN J D.Development on transient based protection for transmission lines[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2008,23(4):3-12.
[5]杜刚,桂林,党晓强.高压电力传输线行波保护技术原理综述[J].四川电力技术,2008,31(1):26-29.DU G,GUI L,DANG X Q.Summary of the principle of traveling wave protection technology for high voltage power transmission line[J].Sichuan Electric Power Technology,2008,31(1):26-29.
[6]WALKER L N.Implementation of High Frequency Transient Fault Detector[C].In:IEEE Winter Power Meeting.New York:1970
[7]BO Z Q.A new non-communication protection technique for transmission lines[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1073-1078.
[8]张保会,哈恒旭,吕志来.利用单端暂态量实现超高压输电线路全线速动保护新原理研究(一)---故障暂态过程分析及实现单端暂态量保护的可行性[J].电力自动化设备,2001,21(6):1-5.ZHANG B H,Ha H X,LV Z L.Study of non-unit transient-based whole-line high speed protection for EHVtransmission line part 1:fault transient analysis and the feasibility of non-unit transient protection[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2001,21(6):1-5.
[9]何正友,刘志刚,钱清泉.小波熵理论及其在电力系统中应用的可行性探讨[J].电网技术,2004,28(21):17-21.HE Z Y,LIU Z G,QIAN Q Q.Study on wavelet entropy theory and adaptability of its application in power system[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(21):17-21.
[10]何正友,蔡玉梅,钱清泉.小波熵理论及其在电力系统故障检测中的应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(5):38-43.HE Z Y,CAI Y M,QIAN Q Q.A study of wavelet entropy theory and its application in electric power system fault detection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(5):38-43.
[11]杨明玉,赵志强,姚万业.基于小波能谱熵的单端量暂态保护的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(11):10-14.YANG M Q,ZHAO Z Q,YAO W Y.A study of transient protection based on wavelet energy entropy for EHVtransmission line[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(11):10-14.
[12]郭振威,姚建刚,康童,等.一种输电线路超高速方向保护方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(22):168-177.GUO Z W,YAO J G,KANG T,et al.A method for directional ultra-high-speed protection of transmission lines[J].Ransactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(22):168-177.
[13]陈仕龙,束洪春,谢静,等.特高压直流输电线路故障暂态信号高频特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(21):84-89.CHEN S L,SHU H C,XIE J,et al.High frequency characteristic analysis of fault transient signal at UH-VDC transmission lines fault[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(21):84-89.
[14]常彦彦,刘青,吴勇勇.超高压串补输电线路的频率特性仿真与分析[J].电力科学与工程,2010,26(6):1-5.CHANG Y Y,LIU Q,WU Y Y.Simulation and analysis on the frequency characteristics of series compensated EHV transmission line[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2010,26(6):1-5.
[15]段建东,张保会,任晋峰,等.超高压输电线路单端暂态量保护元件的频率特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(1):37-43.DUAN J D,ZHANG B H,REN J F,et al.Single-ended transient-based protection for EHV transmission lines basic theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(1):37-43.
[16]余畅,尹项根,曾祥君,等.基于小波分析的多尺度下综合行波故障定位[J].电力自动化设备,2001,21(6):6-9.YU Chang,YIN X G,ZENG X J,et al.Fault location based on comprehensive wavelet analysis at different scales[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2001,21(6):6-9.
[17]杨淑英,王丽宏,杜荣华,等.电力系统暂态保护中小波基的选择与应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2008,20(5):106-111.YANG S Y,WANG L H,DU R H,et al.Selection and application of mother wavelet in the electric power system transient protection[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2008,20(5):106-111.
[18]李浩茹,陈继开,李浩昱,等.基于Shannon小波能量熵与FFT的电力系统谐波检测方法研究[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2008,20(5):106-111.LI H R,CHEN J K,LI H Y,et al.Research on approach of power system hamonic detection based on Shannon wavelet energy entropy and FFT[J].Industrial Instrumentation&Automation,2008,20(5):106-111.
[19]张斌,何正友,钱清泉.基于小波能量熵和模糊逻辑的故障选相元件[J].电网技术,2006,30(15):30-35.ZHANG B,HE ZH Y,QIAN Q Q.A faulty phase selector based on wavelet energy entropy and fuzzy logic[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(15):30-35.
[20]陈继开,周志宇,李浩昱,等.快速小波熵输电系统暂态信号特征提取研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):219-225.CHEN J K,ZHOU Z Y,LI H Y,et al.Study of fast wavelet entropy’s application in feature extraction of transient signals in transmission line[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(12):219-225.