华东植物区系芒属植物的表型遗传多样性研究
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摘要
为研究芒草在其重叠分布区内表型性状的遗传多样性,以来自于华东植物区系内的36份芒、五节芒、荻和南荻为材料,对8种表型性状进行多因素方差分析、变异分析和聚类分析。结果表明:8种表型性状种间差异大小依次为分蘖数、基部直径、干物质产量、花序长、株高、最大叶长、最大叶宽、叶长宽比,在种内除最大叶宽与叶长宽比呈显著差异(P<0.05)外,其余6种表型均呈极显著差异(P<0.01),且8种表型性状在种间和种内存在极显著互作效应;该区系内芒属植物表型变异系数为7.94%～76.80%,Shannon's指数为1.27～1.78,芒草表型变异系数大小依次为芒(26.16%)、南荻(25.46%)、荻(24.49%)、五节芒(17.17%),Shannon's指数大小依次为芒(1.74)、南荻(1.70)、五节芒(1.68)、荻(1.60);4种芒属植物在欧式距离为20时可分为3类,荻为第Ⅰ类,芒和五节芒为第Ⅱ类,南荻为第Ⅲ类;在华东植物区系内,芒的株高与纬度呈极显著负相关,芒的干物质产量与海拔高度呈显著正相关,荻的干物质产量、分蘖数和基部直径与纬度呈显著或极显著负相关,而南荻与五节芒的产量因子表型与地理因子间则无显著相关性。
In this study,36 samples of Miscanthus spp.including four species(M.sinensis,M.floridulus,M.sacchariflorus,M.lutarioriparius) from East China region were used to study the genetic diversity of the phenotypic characters of Miscanthus spp.during their overlapping region.Their 8 phenotypes were subject to multivariate variance analysis,correlation analysis,clustering analysis.The results showed the interspecific difference trend in the studied phenotypes of Miscanthus spp.decreases as the following order,tiller number,basal diameter,dry matter yield,inflorescence length,plant height,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,ratio of leaf length to width.The maximum leaf width and ratio of leaf length to width showed significant interspecific difference with P<0.05 and the other six phenotypic characters showed significant difference within the species P<0.01.And,there were significant interaction effects of eight phenotypic traits among and within species.The variation coefficient of all eight phenotypic traits was in the range from7.94% to76.80%,and the Shannon's index of all eight phenotypic traits was ranged from 1.27 to 1.78.The variation coefficient trend of four Miscanthus species was as follows:M.sinensis(26.16%),M.lutarioriparius(25.46%),M.sacchariflorus(24.49%),M.floridulus(17.17%).The Shannon's index trend of the four Miscanthus species was M.sinensis(1.74),M.lutarioriparius(1.70),M.floridulus(1.68),M.sacchariflorus(1.60).The 36 Miscanthus germplasms could be clustered into three groups based on the euclidean distance at 20:all M.sacchariflorus species,in Ⅰ class,all M.sinensis and M.floridulus species in Ⅱ class,and all M.lutarioriparius species in Ⅲ class.The plant heigh of M.sinensis and latitude were significantly negatively correlated,the dry matter yield of M.sinensis was significant positively correlated with the altitude.The dry matter yield,tiller number and base diameter of M.sacchariflorus were negatively correlated with the latitude,while the yield factor phenotype of M.floridulus and M.lutarioriparius were not significantly correlated with geographical factors.
In this study,36 samples of Miscanthus spp.including four species(M.sinensis,M.floridulus,M.sacchariflorus,M.lutarioriparius) from East China region were used to study the genetic diversity of the phenotypic characters of Miscanthus spp.during their overlapping region.Their 8 phenotypes were subject to multivariate variance analysis,correlation analysis,clustering analysis.The results showed the interspecific difference trend in the studied phenotypes of Miscanthus spp.decreases as the following order,tiller number,basal diameter,dry matter yield,inflorescence length,plant height,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,ratio of leaf length to width.The maximum leaf width and ratio of leaf length to width showed significant interspecific difference with P<0.05 and the other six phenotypic characters showed significant difference within the species P<0.01.And,there were significant interaction effects of eight phenotypic traits among and within species.The variation coefficient of all eight phenotypic traits was in the range from7.94% to76.80%,and the Shannon's index of all eight phenotypic traits was ranged from 1.27 to 1.78.The variation coefficient trend of four Miscanthus species was as follows:M.sinensis(26.16%),M.lutarioriparius(25.46%),M.sacchariflorus(24.49%),M.floridulus(17.17%).The Shannon's index trend of the four Miscanthus species was M.sinensis(1.74),M.lutarioriparius(1.70),M.floridulus(1.68),M.sacchariflorus(1.60).The 36 Miscanthus germplasms could be clustered into three groups based on the euclidean distance at 20:all M.sacchariflorus species,in Ⅰ class,all M.sinensis and M.floridulus species in Ⅱ class,and all M.lutarioriparius species in Ⅲ class.The plant heigh of M.sinensis and latitude were significantly negatively correlated,the dry matter yield of M.sinensis was significant positively correlated with the altitude.The dry matter yield,tiller number and base diameter of M.sacchariflorus were negatively correlated with the latitude,while the yield factor phenotype of M.floridulus and M.lutarioriparius were not significantly correlated with geographical factors.
引文
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[21]徐超华,陆鑫,马丽,等.斑茅种质资源的表型性状及遗传多样性[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(2):117-121.
[22]唐艳梅,易自力,邓果特,等.4种芒属植物的核型分析及亲缘关系探讨[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,44(5):487-494.
[23]陈少风.荻属系统学研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.
[2]于延冲,易自力,周功克.能源植物芒草研究进展与综合利用现状[J].生命科学,2014,26(5):474-480.
[3]CHUNG J,KIM D.Miscanthus as a potential bioenergy crop in East Asia[J].Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology,2012,15(2):65-77.
[4]廖雄辉,龙琴,王惠群,等.南荻炭与镉钝化剂互作对水稻镉含量和产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(9):1818-1826.
[5]肖亮.芒在中国的分布及其遗传多样性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[6]周婧,李巧云,肖亮,等.芒和五节芒在中国的潜在分布[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(6):504-510.
[7]SUN Q,LIN Q,YI Z L,et al.A taxonomic revision of Miscanthus s.l.(Poaceae)from China[J].Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,2010,164(2):178-220.
[8]廖莎.荻与南荻在中国的潜在分布研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[9]肖亮,蒋建雄,易自力,等.广西省芒野生居群表型多样性研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):43-50.
[10]聂刚,张新全,黄琳凯,等.中国西南区野生芒居群表型变异研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(5):52-61.
[11]肖亮,蒋建雄,易自力,等.五节芒种质资源的表型多样性分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,39(2):150-154.
[12]薛德,肖亮,艾辛,等.五节芒表型性状和SSR标记遗传多样性分析[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):96-106.
[13]杨塞,肖亮,王钻,等.南荻种质农艺及品质性状主成分聚类分析与综合评价[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(3):26-33.
[14]项伟,易自力,肖亮,等.南荻种质资源表型性状遗传多样性[J].草业科学,2017,34(3):547-555.
[15]吴征镒,孙航,周浙昆.中国种子植物区系地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[16]兴旺,崔平,潘荣,等.不同国家甜菜种质资源遗传多样性研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(1):76-86.
[17]部丽群,田玲,赵璐,等.外引水稻种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(5):28-35.
[18]蒋会兵,宋维希,矣兵,等.云南茶树种质资源的表型遗传多样性[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2000-2008.
[19]仰勇.芒属植物生物质化学成分比较研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2011.
[20]肖亮,易自力.中国四种芒属植物的地理分布及气候模式研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(4):685-690.
[21]徐超华,陆鑫,马丽,等.斑茅种质资源的表型性状及遗传多样性[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(2):117-121.
[22]唐艳梅,易自力,邓果特,等.4种芒属植物的核型分析及亲缘关系探讨[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,44(5):487-494.
[23]陈少风.荻属系统学研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.