烧结烟气污染物排放的计算方法
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摘要
为了研究烧结烟气污染物排放的定量指标,分析了现有烧结机大气污染物排放标准中存在的问题及标准发展趋势,提出了两种污染物排放的计算方法,一种为折氧浓度计算法,另一种为吨矿计算法,分别从污染物排放浓度、排放强度两个方面给出了污染物排放的计算;同时,在吨矿计算法的基础上,提出了一个区域在特殊时期需要对本区域钢铁企业限产时所需要精确计算的限产方案计算方法,运用这一方法可以精确计算出每一台烧结机的减产比例,不会出现一刀切的现象。这一方法的应用将有利于促进企业提高自身清洁生产水平,有利于清洁生产水平高的企业少限产,而清洁生产水平低的企业多限产。
In order to study the quantitative emission indexes of air pollutants emission of sinter flue gas(SFG),the existing problems and the development trend of the emission standard of air pollutants for SFG of the standard is analyzed.Then two kinds of calculation methods for calculating air pollutants emission of the SFG are proposed. One is the calculation method of the reference oxygen concentration,and the other is the calculation method of the sinter ore per ton.The two methods are about emission concentrations and emission intensities of air pollutants emission of the SFG. At the same time,on the basis of the second method,a method for calculating the limited production plan is proposed,which can be used to calculate the proportion of the production reduction accurately for each sintering machine in the limited region during the special period without using the one-size-fits-all approach. The application of this method will help enterprises to improve their own clean production level. Enterprises with high levels of clean production will be fewer limited in production,while those with low levels of clean production will be more limited in production.
In order to study the quantitative emission indexes of air pollutants emission of sinter flue gas(SFG),the existing problems and the development trend of the emission standard of air pollutants for SFG of the standard is analyzed.Then two kinds of calculation methods for calculating air pollutants emission of the SFG are proposed. One is the calculation method of the reference oxygen concentration,and the other is the calculation method of the sinter ore per ton.The two methods are about emission concentrations and emission intensities of air pollutants emission of the SFG. At the same time,on the basis of the second method,a method for calculating the limited production plan is proposed,which can be used to calculate the proportion of the production reduction accurately for each sintering machine in the limited region during the special period without using the one-size-fits-all approach. The application of this method will help enterprises to improve their own clean production level. Enterprises with high levels of clean production will be fewer limited in production,while those with low levels of clean production will be more limited in production.
引文
[1]张寿荣,姜曦.中国大型高炉生产现状分析及展望[J].钢铁,2017,52(2):1.(ZHANG Shou-rong,JIANG Xi.Production and development of large blast furnaces in China[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(2):1.)
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[3]FAN Xiao-hui,YU Zhi-yuan,GAN Min,et al.Appropriate technology parameters of iron ore sintering process with flue gas recirculation[J].ISIJ International,2014,54(11):2541.
[4]朱德庆,何奥平,潘建,等.铁矿烧结过程温室气体COx排放规律的研究[J].钢铁,2006,41(2):76.(ZHU De-qing,HE Aoping,PAN Jian,et al.Rule of greenhouse gas COxemission in iron ore sintering process[J].Iron and Steel,2006,41(2):76.)
[5]朱廷钰,刘青,李玉然,等.钢铁烧结烟气多污染物的排放特征及控制技术[J].科技导报,2014,32(33):51.(ZHU Ting-yu,LIU Qing,LI Yu-ran,et al.Emission characteristics of multiple pollutants from iron-steel sintering flue gas and review of control technologies[J].Science and Technology Review,2014,32(33):51.)
[6]张洪亮,施琦,龙红明,等.烧结烟气中氮氧化物脱除工艺分析[J].钢铁,2017,52(5):100.(ZHANG Hong-liang,SHI Qi,LONG Hong-ming,et al.Analysis of NOxremoval process in sintering flue gas[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(5):100.)
[7]中华人民共和国生态环境部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 28662-2012钢铁烧结、球团工业大气污染物排放标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB 28662-2012 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Sintering and Pelletizing of Iron and Steel Industry[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012).
[8]付本全,黄建阳,张垒,等.我国钢铁行业“三废”排放标准及发展趋势[J].武钢技术,2012,50(6):56.(FU Ben-quan,HUANG Jian-yang,ZHANG Lei,et al.Research on wastes emission standard and development trend in iron and steel industry in China[J].WISCO Technology,2012,50(6):56.)
[9]中华人民共和国环境保护部.关于征求《钢铁烧结、球团工业大气污染物排放标准》等20项国家污染物排放标准修改单(征求意见稿)意见的函[EB/OL].[2018-03-15].http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201706/t20170615_416108.htm.(The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.Letter on Soliciting Opinions on 20 National Pollutant Discharge Standards(Draft for Comment)which including《Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Sintering and Pelletizing of Iron and Steel Industry》[EB/OL].[2018-03-15].http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201706/t20170615_416108.htm.)
[10]中华人民共和国生态环境部关于征求《钢铁企业超低排放改造工作方案(征求意见稿)》意见的函[EB/OL].[2018-05-25].http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20180515/897857.shtml.(Ministry of Ecological Environment of the People's Republic of China.Letter on Soliciting Opinions on《Work Plan of Ultralow Emission Reconstruction for Iron and Steel Enterprises(Draft for Comment)》[EB/OL].[2018-05-25].http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20180515/897857.shtml.)
[11]河北省环保厅.关于征求《钢铁工业大气污染物超低排放标准》等五项地方环保标准意见的函[EB/OL].[2018-04-25].http://www.hebhb.gov.cn/hjzw/kjbz/dfhbbz/yjzj/201804/t20180425_62711.html.(Department of Environmental Protection of Hebei Province.Letter for Soliciting Opinions on Five Local Environmental Standards,Including Ultra-low Emission Standards for Air Pollutants in the Iron and Steel Industry[EB/OL].[2018-04-25].http://www.hebhb.gov.cn/hjzw/kjbz/dfhbbz/yjzj/201804/t20180425_62711.html.)
[12]王海风,秦松,姜曦,等.钢铁工业烧结过程VOCs减排研究进展[J].钢铁,2018,53(1):1.(WANG Hai-feng,QIN Song,JI-ANG Xi,et al.Research development of VOCs emission reduction during iron ore sintering in steel industry[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(1):1.)
[13]XU Wen-qing,SHAO Ming-pan,YANG Yang,et al.Mercury emission from sintering process in the iron and steel industry of China[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2017(159):340.
[14]中华人民共和国生态环境部.HJ 836-2017固定污染源废气低浓度颗粒物的测定重量法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.HJ 836-2017 Stationary source emission-determination of mass concentration of particulate matter at low concentration-Manual gravimetric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2017.)
[15]中华人民共和国生态环境部.HJ 629-2011固定污染源废气二氧化硫的测定非分散红外吸收法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.HJ 629-2011 Stationary source emission-determination of sulphur dioxide-non-dispersive infrared absorption method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.)
[16]苑继超.烧结烟气中CO对SO2监测的干扰分析[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2014,24(5):59.(YUAN Ji-chao.Interference analysis of CO to SO2monitoring[J].Journal of EMCC,2014,24(5):59.)
[17]中华人民共和国生态环境部.HJ 57-2017固定污染源废气二氧化硫的测定定电位电解法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.HJ 57-2017 Stationary source emission-determ-ination of sulphur dioxide-fixed potential by electrolysis method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2017.)
[18]中华人民共和国生态环境部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 13223-2011火电厂大气污染物排放标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB 13223-2011 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.)
[19]刘宏强,付建勋,刘思雨,等.钢铁生产过程二氧化碳排放计算方法与实践[J].钢铁,2016,51(4):74.(LIU Hong-qiang,FU Jian-xun,LIU Si-yu,et al.Calculation methods and application of carbon dioxide emission during steel-making process[J].Iron and Steel,2016,51(4):74.)
[20]第一次全国污染源普查资料编纂委员会.污染源普查产排污系数手册(下)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.(First National Pollution Source Census Data Compilation Committee.The Manual of Emission Coefficients Based on Pollution Source Census Data(Below)[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.)
[21]WANG Kun,TIAN He-zhong,HUA Shen-bing,et al.A comprehensive emission inventory of multiple air pollutants from iron and steel industry in China:Temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,559:7.
[2]朱廷钰,李玉然.烧结烟气排放控制技术及工程应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2015.(ZHU Ting-yu,LI Yu-ran.Emission Control Technologies and Engineering Applications for Sintering Flue Gas[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2015.)
[3]FAN Xiao-hui,YU Zhi-yuan,GAN Min,et al.Appropriate technology parameters of iron ore sintering process with flue gas recirculation[J].ISIJ International,2014,54(11):2541.
[4]朱德庆,何奥平,潘建,等.铁矿烧结过程温室气体COx排放规律的研究[J].钢铁,2006,41(2):76.(ZHU De-qing,HE Aoping,PAN Jian,et al.Rule of greenhouse gas COxemission in iron ore sintering process[J].Iron and Steel,2006,41(2):76.)
[5]朱廷钰,刘青,李玉然,等.钢铁烧结烟气多污染物的排放特征及控制技术[J].科技导报,2014,32(33):51.(ZHU Ting-yu,LIU Qing,LI Yu-ran,et al.Emission characteristics of multiple pollutants from iron-steel sintering flue gas and review of control technologies[J].Science and Technology Review,2014,32(33):51.)
[6]张洪亮,施琦,龙红明,等.烧结烟气中氮氧化物脱除工艺分析[J].钢铁,2017,52(5):100.(ZHANG Hong-liang,SHI Qi,LONG Hong-ming,et al.Analysis of NOxremoval process in sintering flue gas[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(5):100.)
[7]中华人民共和国生态环境部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 28662-2012钢铁烧结、球团工业大气污染物排放标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB 28662-2012 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Sintering and Pelletizing of Iron and Steel Industry[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012).
[8]付本全,黄建阳,张垒,等.我国钢铁行业“三废”排放标准及发展趋势[J].武钢技术,2012,50(6):56.(FU Ben-quan,HUANG Jian-yang,ZHANG Lei,et al.Research on wastes emission standard and development trend in iron and steel industry in China[J].WISCO Technology,2012,50(6):56.)
[9]中华人民共和国环境保护部.关于征求《钢铁烧结、球团工业大气污染物排放标准》等20项国家污染物排放标准修改单(征求意见稿)意见的函[EB/OL].[2018-03-15].http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201706/t20170615_416108.htm.(The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.Letter on Soliciting Opinions on 20 National Pollutant Discharge Standards(Draft for Comment)which including《Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Sintering and Pelletizing of Iron and Steel Industry》[EB/OL].[2018-03-15].http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201706/t20170615_416108.htm.)
[10]中华人民共和国生态环境部关于征求《钢铁企业超低排放改造工作方案(征求意见稿)》意见的函[EB/OL].[2018-05-25].http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20180515/897857.shtml.(Ministry of Ecological Environment of the People's Republic of China.Letter on Soliciting Opinions on《Work Plan of Ultralow Emission Reconstruction for Iron and Steel Enterprises(Draft for Comment)》[EB/OL].[2018-05-25].http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20180515/897857.shtml.)
[11]河北省环保厅.关于征求《钢铁工业大气污染物超低排放标准》等五项地方环保标准意见的函[EB/OL].[2018-04-25].http://www.hebhb.gov.cn/hjzw/kjbz/dfhbbz/yjzj/201804/t20180425_62711.html.(Department of Environmental Protection of Hebei Province.Letter for Soliciting Opinions on Five Local Environmental Standards,Including Ultra-low Emission Standards for Air Pollutants in the Iron and Steel Industry[EB/OL].[2018-04-25].http://www.hebhb.gov.cn/hjzw/kjbz/dfhbbz/yjzj/201804/t20180425_62711.html.)
[12]王海风,秦松,姜曦,等.钢铁工业烧结过程VOCs减排研究进展[J].钢铁,2018,53(1):1.(WANG Hai-feng,QIN Song,JI-ANG Xi,et al.Research development of VOCs emission reduction during iron ore sintering in steel industry[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(1):1.)
[13]XU Wen-qing,SHAO Ming-pan,YANG Yang,et al.Mercury emission from sintering process in the iron and steel industry of China[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2017(159):340.
[14]中华人民共和国生态环境部.HJ 836-2017固定污染源废气低浓度颗粒物的测定重量法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.HJ 836-2017 Stationary source emission-determination of mass concentration of particulate matter at low concentration-Manual gravimetric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2017.)
[15]中华人民共和国生态环境部.HJ 629-2011固定污染源废气二氧化硫的测定非分散红外吸收法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.HJ 629-2011 Stationary source emission-determination of sulphur dioxide-non-dispersive infrared absorption method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.)
[16]苑继超.烧结烟气中CO对SO2监测的干扰分析[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2014,24(5):59.(YUAN Ji-chao.Interference analysis of CO to SO2monitoring[J].Journal of EMCC,2014,24(5):59.)
[17]中华人民共和国生态环境部.HJ 57-2017固定污染源废气二氧化硫的测定定电位电解法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.HJ 57-2017 Stationary source emission-determ-ination of sulphur dioxide-fixed potential by electrolysis method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2017.)
[18]中华人民共和国生态环境部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 13223-2011火电厂大气污染物排放标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.(Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB 13223-2011 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.)
[19]刘宏强,付建勋,刘思雨,等.钢铁生产过程二氧化碳排放计算方法与实践[J].钢铁,2016,51(4):74.(LIU Hong-qiang,FU Jian-xun,LIU Si-yu,et al.Calculation methods and application of carbon dioxide emission during steel-making process[J].Iron and Steel,2016,51(4):74.)
[20]第一次全国污染源普查资料编纂委员会.污染源普查产排污系数手册(下)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.(First National Pollution Source Census Data Compilation Committee.The Manual of Emission Coefficients Based on Pollution Source Census Data(Below)[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.)
[21]WANG Kun,TIAN He-zhong,HUA Shen-bing,et al.A comprehensive emission inventory of multiple air pollutants from iron and steel industry in China:Temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,559:7.