营养科普中计量单位孤岛问题探讨与对策
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摘要
目的分析我国营养科普中多种计量单位所产生的知识"孤岛"问题,探讨消除营养科普知识"碎片化"和"孤岛"现象的方法,提高营养科普的实践指导效果。方法采用文献研究方法,对食物和运动强度计量进行换算,把"食物交换份"作为"平衡膳食"实践的共性计量单位,并运用"桌面推演"方法进行食物搭配,与"千卡"比较两者的易用性。结果各类食物每1食物交换份都有固定的生重平均值。食物的生重和身体的代谢当量都可以换算成能量"千卡"和"食物交换份"进行对应互换。如一个中等个子的人快速跳绳7. 5分钟为1个食物交换份,吃了约1个食物交换份鸡蛋的能量,可以快速跳绳7. 5分钟消耗掉。用"食物交换份"计量膳食搭配,实际比"膳食宝塔"推荐的食物平均值多108千卡,误差约+6%;对肥胖者进行平衡膳食食物搭配,减食目标400千卡,用"食物交换份"计量膳食搭配,实际减食比"千卡"计量查文献少59千卡,误差为-15%。结论食物交换份作为"计量单位"可以在"平衡膳食"实践中起到"桥梁"作用,既显示"吃动"关系,也比"千卡"易操作。
Objective To analyze the knowledge " isolated island" problem produced by a variety of measurement units in China's nutrition science popularization,to explore the method of eliminating nutrition science knowledge " fragmentation" and " island" phenomenon,and to improve the practical effect of nutrition science. Methods The method of literature study was used to convert food and exercise intensity measurement. " Food exchange serving" was used as a common measurement unit in the practice of " balanced diet",and " desktop deduction" was applied to the food collocation,and the usability of the two was compared with " 1000 cards". Results There was a fixed average raw weight for each food exchange serving. Both the raw weight of food and the metabolic equivalent of body could be converted into energy " kcal" and " food exchange serving" for corresponding exchange. For example,a person of medium height could skip rope fast for 7. 5 minutes for 1 food exchange portion,and after eating about 1 food exchange portion,the energy of eggs could be consumed quickly for 7. 5 minutes of rope skipping. Using " food exchange serving" to measure the dietary combination,the food actually was 108 kcal more than the average food recommended by " food pagoda",with an error of about + 6%. A balanced diet to reduce 400 kilocalorie for obese people,measured by " food exchange portion" of dietary collocation,actually eat less 59 kilocalorie than those measured by " kilocalorie" by checking literature,with an error of-15%. Conclusion As a " unit of measurement",food exchange serving can play a " bridge" role in the practice of " balanced diet",which is not only showing the relationship between " eating and moving" but also is easier to operate than " thousand calories".
Objective To analyze the knowledge " isolated island" problem produced by a variety of measurement units in China's nutrition science popularization,to explore the method of eliminating nutrition science knowledge " fragmentation" and " island" phenomenon,and to improve the practical effect of nutrition science. Methods The method of literature study was used to convert food and exercise intensity measurement. " Food exchange serving" was used as a common measurement unit in the practice of " balanced diet",and " desktop deduction" was applied to the food collocation,and the usability of the two was compared with " 1000 cards". Results There was a fixed average raw weight for each food exchange serving. Both the raw weight of food and the metabolic equivalent of body could be converted into energy " kcal" and " food exchange serving" for corresponding exchange. For example,a person of medium height could skip rope fast for 7. 5 minutes for 1 food exchange portion,and after eating about 1 food exchange portion,the energy of eggs could be consumed quickly for 7. 5 minutes of rope skipping. Using " food exchange serving" to measure the dietary combination,the food actually was 108 kcal more than the average food recommended by " food pagoda",with an error of about + 6%. A balanced diet to reduce 400 kilocalorie for obese people,measured by " food exchange portion" of dietary collocation,actually eat less 59 kilocalorie than those measured by " kilocalorie" by checking literature,with an error of-15%. Conclusion As a " unit of measurement",food exchange serving can play a " bridge" role in the practice of " balanced diet",which is not only showing the relationship between " eating and moving" but also is easier to operate than " thousand calories".
引文
[1]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)(科普版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[2]吴秀媛.运动·健康[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:23.
[3]吴小南.营养其实很简单[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011:158.
[4]刘洋,陈慧.基于新媒体的营养膳食科普化研究[J].天津科技,2015(6):45-46,49.
[5]方跃伟,徐冬连.糖尿病膳食手量法[M].南京:江苏凤凰科学技术出版社,2016.
[6]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌.中国食物成分表[M]. 2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:30-77.
[7]李淑媛.糖尿病怎么吃怎么养(专家指导版)[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2011:25-27.
[8]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:271.
[9]焦广宇,蒋卓勤.临床营养学[M]. 3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:109-112.
[10]郭燕枝,杨雅伦,王秀丽,等.新形势下我国居民对食物营养认知的困境和思考[J].中国食物与营养,2015,21(10):8-11.
[11]李新华,李利霞,杨权.不同储存条件下稻谷水分和脂肪酸值变化及霉变规律[J].粮食储藏,2016,45(2):49-51.
[12]陈秋月,孙忠,吴蕴棠.采用食物交换份法生成食谱的膳食质量评估[J].营养学报,2015,37(3):297-299.
[13]方跃伟,任飞林,段蒋文,等.食物交换份手测量法在糖尿病患者膳食治疗中的应用[J].中华健康管理学杂志,2015,9(6):418-422.
[14]胡鹏,郑良芬,陶静.手测量法则在2型糖尿病患者饮食指导中的应用[J].中华护理杂志,2011,46(9):868-870.
[15] Imai S,Matsuda M,Hasegawa G,et al. A simple meal plan of’eating vegetables before carbohydrate’ was more effective for achieving glycemic control than an exchange-based meal plan in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2011,20(2):161-168.
[16] Kim S,Choi H. Effects of nutrition education using food exchange system:changes in elementary students’ nutrition knowledge,dietary attitude and nutrients intake[J]. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition,2008,13(6):922-933.
[17]范志红.美国新版膳食指南,到底想说什么[J].生命与灾害,2016(2):28-31.
[2]吴秀媛.运动·健康[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:23.
[3]吴小南.营养其实很简单[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011:158.
[4]刘洋,陈慧.基于新媒体的营养膳食科普化研究[J].天津科技,2015(6):45-46,49.
[5]方跃伟,徐冬连.糖尿病膳食手量法[M].南京:江苏凤凰科学技术出版社,2016.
[6]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌.中国食物成分表[M]. 2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:30-77.
[7]李淑媛.糖尿病怎么吃怎么养(专家指导版)[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2011:25-27.
[8]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:271.
[9]焦广宇,蒋卓勤.临床营养学[M]. 3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:109-112.
[10]郭燕枝,杨雅伦,王秀丽,等.新形势下我国居民对食物营养认知的困境和思考[J].中国食物与营养,2015,21(10):8-11.
[11]李新华,李利霞,杨权.不同储存条件下稻谷水分和脂肪酸值变化及霉变规律[J].粮食储藏,2016,45(2):49-51.
[12]陈秋月,孙忠,吴蕴棠.采用食物交换份法生成食谱的膳食质量评估[J].营养学报,2015,37(3):297-299.
[13]方跃伟,任飞林,段蒋文,等.食物交换份手测量法在糖尿病患者膳食治疗中的应用[J].中华健康管理学杂志,2015,9(6):418-422.
[14]胡鹏,郑良芬,陶静.手测量法则在2型糖尿病患者饮食指导中的应用[J].中华护理杂志,2011,46(9):868-870.
[15] Imai S,Matsuda M,Hasegawa G,et al. A simple meal plan of’eating vegetables before carbohydrate’ was more effective for achieving glycemic control than an exchange-based meal plan in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2011,20(2):161-168.
[16] Kim S,Choi H. Effects of nutrition education using food exchange system:changes in elementary students’ nutrition knowledge,dietary attitude and nutrients intake[J]. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition,2008,13(6):922-933.
[17]范志红.美国新版膳食指南,到底想说什么[J].生命与灾害,2016(2):28-31.