强海洋湍流水下光通信系统误码率研究
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摘要
水下无线光通信(underwater wireless optical communication,UWOC)系统具有宽带宽、低衰减、低延时、高速率等优点,可满足水下高速通信需求。然而,除了水下吸收、散射外,湍流效应也会限制系统的通信质量和传输距离。探讨了外差式差分移相键控(differential phase shift keying,DPSK)调制对系统误码率(bit error rate,BER)的提升能力。假定强海洋湍流信道为Gamma-Gamma分布,利用改进的Rytov方法,得出了UWOC系统采用平面波和球面波传输时的闪烁系数表达式,借助于Whittaker M函数推导了DPSK调制的BER解析式。仿真分析了在不同的海洋湍流参数和通信距离下两种光波传输的BER,并与OOK调制的BER作了对比。结果表明,UWOC系统采用DPSK调制和球面波传输,在较小的均方温度耗散率、较小的温度和盐度波动对海洋湍流贡献的比值、较大的湍流动能耗散率的海洋中及通过较短的通信距离传输可以得到更优的BER。
Underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC) systems receive growing attention as an alternative technology to meet the high-speed and large-data requirement in various underwater applications due to their higher bandwidth, lower attention, lower time latency, lower power loss, better security and higher communication rate compared to acoustic communication as well as underwater radio frequency communication. Despite all these advantages, expect absorption and scattering effects, the turbulence effect under water, will also cause loss and fading on the received optical signal, and limit the viable communication range of UWOC systems. The improvement of differential phase shift keying modulation(DPSK) to the bit error rate(BER) of UWOC system is presented. Formulations of plane and spherical waves propagating through strong oceanic turbulence, which described as Gamma-Gamma model, are obtained by using the modified Rytov method. Based on the characteristics of Whittaker M function, the analytical expressions for BER of a DPSK modulated UWOC system are derived. The system performance is simulated under three important oceanic parameters and the propagation distance L, and compared with the on-off keying(OOK) UWOC system's BER. The simulated results show that the performance improves when the UWOC system adopting spherical wave with DPSK modulation at a lower value of the rate of dissipation of mean-squared temperature, the ratio of temperature to salinity contributions to the refractive index spectrum, the propagation distance, or a higher value of the rate of dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid.
Underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC) systems receive growing attention as an alternative technology to meet the high-speed and large-data requirement in various underwater applications due to their higher bandwidth, lower attention, lower time latency, lower power loss, better security and higher communication rate compared to acoustic communication as well as underwater radio frequency communication. Despite all these advantages, expect absorption and scattering effects, the turbulence effect under water, will also cause loss and fading on the received optical signal, and limit the viable communication range of UWOC systems. The improvement of differential phase shift keying modulation(DPSK) to the bit error rate(BER) of UWOC system is presented. Formulations of plane and spherical waves propagating through strong oceanic turbulence, which described as Gamma-Gamma model, are obtained by using the modified Rytov method. Based on the characteristics of Whittaker M function, the analytical expressions for BER of a DPSK modulated UWOC system are derived. The system performance is simulated under three important oceanic parameters and the propagation distance L, and compared with the on-off keying(OOK) UWOC system's BER. The simulated results show that the performance improves when the UWOC system adopting spherical wave with DPSK modulation at a lower value of the rate of dissipation of mean-squared temperature, the ratio of temperature to salinity contributions to the refractive index spectrum, the propagation distance, or a higher value of the rate of dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid.
引文
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[2] G?k?e M C,Baykal Y.Aperture averaging and BER for Gaussian beam in underwater oceanic turbulence[J].Optics Communications,2018,410:830- 835.
[3] 李鑫滨,黄志鹏,韩松,等.基于博弈论的分布式水声通信网络功率分配算法[J].信号处理,2017,33(5):758-765.Li Xinbin,Huang Zhipeng,Han Song,et al.Power allocation algorithm for distributed underwater acoustic communication network based on game theory[J].Journal of Signal Processing,2017,33(5):758-765.(in Chinese)
[4] Johnson L J,Green R J,Leeson M S.Underwater optical wireless communications:depth dependent variations in attenuation[J].Applied Optics,2016,52(33):7867-7873.
[5] Li C Y,Lu H H,Tsai W S,et al.A 5 m/25 Gbps underwater wireless optical communication system[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2018,10(3):7904909.
[6] Wu T C,Chi Y C,Wang H Y,et al.Blue laser diode enables underwater communication at 12.4 Gbps[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:40480.
[7] 李程程,李有明,吕新荣,等.水声通信中脉冲干扰和载波频偏联合估计算法的研究[J].信号处理,2015,31(11):1473-1478.Li Chengcheng,Li Youming,Lv Xinrong,et al.Joint Impulsive noise and carrier frequency shift estimation in underwater acoustic communication[J].Journal of Signal Processing,2015,31(11):1473-1478.(in Chinese)
[8] Fei C,Zhang G,Zhang J,et al.Demonstration of 15-meter 7.33-Gbps 450-nm underwater wireless optical discrete multi-tone transmission using post nonlinear equalization[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2018,36:728-734.
[9] Jamali M V,Salehi J A,Akhoundi F.Performance studies of underwater wireless optical communication systems with spatial diversity:MIMO scheme[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2017,65(3):1176-1192.
[10] Liu W,Xu Z,Yang L.SIMO detection schemes for underwater optical wireless communication under turbulence[J].Photonics Research,2015,3(3):48-53.
[11] Xu F,Khalighi A,Patrice Caussé,et al.Channel coding and time-diversity for optical wireless links[J].Optics Express,2009,17(2):872- 887.
[12] Sandalidis H G,Tsiftsis T A,Karagiannidis G K.Optical Wireless Communications With Heterodyne Detection Over Turbulence Channels With Pointing Errors[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2009,27:4440- 4445.
[13] Andrews L C,Phillips R L,Hopen C Y,et al.Theory of optical scintillation[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,1999,16(6):1417-1429.
[14] Kiasaleh,K.Performance of APD-based,PPM free-space optical communication systems in atmospheric turbulence[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2005,53(9):1455-1461.
[15] Kiasaleh,K.Performance of coherent DPSK free-space optical communication systems in K-distributed turbulence[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2006,54(4):604- 607.
[16] Jamali M V,Khorramshahi P,Tashakori A,et al.Statistical distribution of intensity fluctuations for underwater wireless optical channels in the presence of air bubbles[C]//Communication & Information Theory.Tehran Iran,IEEE,2016..Bit error rate of focused Gaussian beams in weak oceanic turbulence[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2014,31(9):1963-1968.
[18] Yousefi M,Golmohammady S,Mashal A,et al.Analyzing the propagation behavior of scintillation index and bit error rate of a partially coherent flat-topped laser beam in oceanic turbulence[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2015,32(11):1982-1992.
[19] Lu L,Wang Z,Zhang P,et al.Phase structure function and AOA fluctuations of plane and spherical waves propagating through oceanic turbulence[J].Journal of Optics,2015,17(8):085610.
[20] Baykal Y.Scintillation index in strong oceanic turbulence[J].Optics Communications,2016,375:15-18.
[21] Gradshteyn I S,Ryzhik I M.In table of integrals,series,and products[M].Academic Press,1980.
[22] Abramowitz M,Stegun I.Handbook of mathematical functions[M].Dover Publications,New York,1972.
[23] G?k?e M C,Baykal Y,Ata Y.Performance analysis of M-ary pulse position modulation in strong oceanic turbulence[J].Optics Communications,2018,427:573-577.