工艺参数对电沉积钴镍合金镀层成分及耐磨性能的影响
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摘要
利用电沉积技术在碳钢表面制备纳米晶钴镍合金镀层,并辅助超声波分散加机械搅拌,获得具有良好减摩性能的纳米晶、低微摩擦系数的钴镍合金镀层材料。研究了电流密度、温度、p H值等工艺参数对合金镀层成分及耐磨性的影响。利用扫描电镜、场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了镀层表面的显微组织、相结构及成分含量,通过UNMT1微纳米材料力学综合测试系统考察镀层的微磨损性能。结果表明,获得的合金镀层组织细密、结构均匀,工艺参数对合金层的微摩擦系数影响较大,在最佳工艺参数电流密度1.5 A/dm2、温度50℃、p H值为4.0时合金镀层的平均摩擦系数最小为0.18,合金具有较好的耐微摩擦磨损性能。
The nanocrystalline cobalt nickel alloy plating was prepared on carbon steel surface by using electrodeposition technique. The nanocrystalline and low friction coefficient of cobalt nickel alloy plating materials with good anti-friction properties are obtained by means of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring. The influences of current density,temperature,p H value and other process parameters on the composition and wear resistance of alloy plating are studied. The microstructure,phase structure and component content of the plating surface are analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy( SEM),field emission scanning electron microscope,and X-ray diffractometer,and UNMT1 micro/nano composite material mechanics testing system is used to investigate micro wear performance of plating. The results show that the alloy plating has fine organization and uniform structure,the process parameters have greater influences on micro friction coefficient of the alloy layer,and the minimum average friction coefficient of alloy plating is 0. 18 for the current density of 1. 5 A/dm2,temperature of 50 ℃,and p H = 4. 0,andthe alloy has good micro friction and wear performance.
The nanocrystalline cobalt nickel alloy plating was prepared on carbon steel surface by using electrodeposition technique. The nanocrystalline and low friction coefficient of cobalt nickel alloy plating materials with good anti-friction properties are obtained by means of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring. The influences of current density,temperature,p H value and other process parameters on the composition and wear resistance of alloy plating are studied. The microstructure,phase structure and component content of the plating surface are analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy( SEM),field emission scanning electron microscope,and X-ray diffractometer,and UNMT1 micro/nano composite material mechanics testing system is used to investigate micro wear performance of plating. The results show that the alloy plating has fine organization and uniform structure,the process parameters have greater influences on micro friction coefficient of the alloy layer,and the minimum average friction coefficient of alloy plating is 0. 18 for the current density of 1. 5 A/dm2,temperature of 50 ℃,and p H = 4. 0,andthe alloy has good micro friction and wear performance.
引文
[1]Zamani M,Amadeh A,Baghal S M L.Effect of Co content on electrodeposition mechanism and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Ni-Co alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(2):484-491.
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[6]Yang Y Y,Deng B.Preparation of Ni-Co alloy foils by electrodeposition[J].Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science,2011,1(2):27-32.
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[11]王立平,高燕,刘惠文,等.电沉积梯度Ni-Co纳米合金镀层的研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2004,23(6):5-11.WANG Li-ping,GAO Yan,LIU Hui-wen,et al.Study on electrodeposition of graded Ni-Co nanocrystalline alloys[J].Electroplating and Coating,2004,23(6):5-11.(in Chinese)
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[13]兰新武.Ni-Co合金镀层的制备及其应用于汽车缸套的可行性分析[J].电镀与环保,2017,37(1):25-28.LAN Xin-wu.Preparation of Ni-Co alloy coating and feasibility analysis of Ni-Co alloy coating applied on automobile cylinder liner[J].Electroplating and Environmental Protection,2017,37(1):25-28.(in Chinese)
[14]宫晓静.高频脉冲电镀镍钴合金机械性能的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.GONG Xiao-jing.Study on mechanical performance of high frequency pulse electroforming Ni-Co alloy[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007.(in Chinese)
[15]钟远辉,戴品强,许伟长,等.脉冲电沉积纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层腐蚀特性研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(6):1053-1057.ZHONG Yuan-hui,DAI Pin-qiang,XU Wei-chang,et al.Corrosion characteristic of pulsed electrodeposition nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloy coating[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2009,38(6):1053-1057.(in Chinese)
[16]Tury B,Lakatos-Varsanyi M,Roy S.Ni-Co alloys plated by pulse currents[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2006,200(24):6713-6717.
[17]Zamani M,Amadeh A,Baghal S M L.Effect of Co content on electrodeposition mechanism and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Ni-Co alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(2):484-491.
[18]许伟长,戴品强,郑耀东.钴含量对电沉积纳米晶镍钴合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(1):92-99.XU Wei-chang,DAI Pin-qiang,ZHENG Yao-dong.Effect of Co content on structures and mechanical properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(1):92-99.(in Chinese)
[19]张亚鹏.纳米粒子改性镍钴电镀层的制备及性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.ZHANG Ya-peng.Preparation and properties of nano-particle modified nickel-cobalt electroplating layer[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[20]高吉成.脉冲电铸镍钴合金成型工艺及性能研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012.GAO Ji-cheng.Study on forming process and properties of pulse electroplating nickel-cobalt alloy[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2012.(in Chinese)
[21]Golodnitsky D,Yu R,Ulus A.The role of anion additives in the electrodeposition of nickel-cobalt alloys from sulfamate electrolyte[J].Electrochimica Acta,2003,47(17):2707-2714.
[22]刘海鹏,杨海丽,王心悦,等.镀液温度对脉冲电镀Zn-NiMn合金镀层的影响[J].电镀与精饰,2016,38(10):15-18.LIU Hai-peng,YANG Hai-li,WANG Xin-yue,et al.Effect of bath temperature on Zn-Ni-Mn alloy coating prepared by pulse electroplating[J].Plating and Finishing,2016,38(10):15-18.(in Chinese)
[23]杜明华,李宁,武刚,等.电沉积参数对Co-Ni合金镀层的影响[C]∥电子电镀年会论文集.深圳:中国电子学会,2003:52-55.DU Ming-hua,LI Ning,WU Gang,et al.The effect of electrodeposition parameters on the Co-Ni alloy coating[C]∥Proceedings of National Conference on Electroplating.Shenzhen:China Electronics Society,2003:52-55.(in Chinese)
[2]刘霁云,赵阳,董世运,等.退火对镍钴合金镀层结构及力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2017,42(6):80-83.LIU Ji-yun,ZHAO Yang,DONG Shi-yun,et al.Effect of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-Co alloy coating[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(6):80-83.(in Chinese)
[3]刘霁云,赵阳,董世运,等.镍-钴合金镀层研究进展[J].电镀与精饰,2017,39(7):21-25.LIU Ji-yun,ZHAO Yang,DONG Shi-yun,et al.Research progress of Ni-Co alloy coating[J].Plating and Finishing,2017,39(7):21-25.(in Chinese)
[4]迟玉中,刘雁红,王新庄.电沉积镍钴纳米合金的制备及性能[J].天津科技大学学报,2007,22(3):40-43.CHI Yu-zhong,LIU Yan-hong,WANG Xin-zhuang.Preparation and properties of electrodeposited Ni-Co nanocrystalline alloys[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Science&Technology,2007,22(3):40-43.(in Chinese)
[5]Moina C A,Vazdar M.Electrodeposition of nano-sized nuclei of magnetic Co-Ni alloys onto n-Si(1 0 0)[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2001,3(4):159-163.
[6]Yang Y Y,Deng B.Preparation of Ni-Co alloy foils by electrodeposition[J].Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science,2011,1(2):27-32.
[7]王立平,高燕,刘惠文,等.相结构对Ni-Co合金镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].电镀与环保,2005,25(2):14-16.WANG Li-ping,GAO Yan,LIU Hui-wen,et al.Effects of phase structure on the friction and wear properties of electrodeposited NiCo deposits[J].Electroplating and Pollution Control,2005,25(2):14-16.(in Chinese)
[8]刘学武,许韵华,胡芃,等.高频脉冲电镀镍钴合金镀层的耐磨性[J].电镀与涂饰,2013,32(9):18-22.LIU Xue-wu,XU Yun-hua,HU Peng,et al.Wear resistance of nickel-cobalt alloy coating by high-frequency pulse plating[J].Electroplating and Finishing,2013,32(9):18-22.(in Chinese)
[9]王立平,高燕,刘惠文,等.Ni-Co/纳米金刚石复合镀层抗磨损性能的研究[J].中国表面工程,2005,18(1):24-26.WANG Li-ping,GAO Yan,LIU Hui-wen,et al.Study on the antiwear behavior of Ni-Co/diamond nanocomposite coatings[J].Surface Engineering of China,2005,18(1):24-26.(in Chinese)
[10]李艳.电沉积Ni-Co合金工艺条件的研究[J].化工技术与开发,2004,33(4):5-7.LI Yan.Study on process of Ni-Co alloys electrodeposition[J].Chemical Technology and Development,2004,33(4):5-7.(in Chinese)
[11]王立平,高燕,刘惠文,等.电沉积梯度Ni-Co纳米合金镀层的研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2004,23(6):5-11.WANG Li-ping,GAO Yan,LIU Hui-wen,et al.Study on electrodeposition of graded Ni-Co nanocrystalline alloys[J].Electroplating and Coating,2004,23(6):5-11.(in Chinese)
[12]赵亚亚.电沉积制备纳米晶镍基合金材料及性能研究[D].长春:长春工业大学,2016.ZHAO Ya-ya.Study on preparation and properties of nanocrystalline Ni-based alloy coating[D].Changchun:Changchun University of Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[13]兰新武.Ni-Co合金镀层的制备及其应用于汽车缸套的可行性分析[J].电镀与环保,2017,37(1):25-28.LAN Xin-wu.Preparation of Ni-Co alloy coating and feasibility analysis of Ni-Co alloy coating applied on automobile cylinder liner[J].Electroplating and Environmental Protection,2017,37(1):25-28.(in Chinese)
[14]宫晓静.高频脉冲电镀镍钴合金机械性能的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.GONG Xiao-jing.Study on mechanical performance of high frequency pulse electroforming Ni-Co alloy[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007.(in Chinese)
[15]钟远辉,戴品强,许伟长,等.脉冲电沉积纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层腐蚀特性研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(6):1053-1057.ZHONG Yuan-hui,DAI Pin-qiang,XU Wei-chang,et al.Corrosion characteristic of pulsed electrodeposition nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloy coating[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2009,38(6):1053-1057.(in Chinese)
[16]Tury B,Lakatos-Varsanyi M,Roy S.Ni-Co alloys plated by pulse currents[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2006,200(24):6713-6717.
[17]Zamani M,Amadeh A,Baghal S M L.Effect of Co content on electrodeposition mechanism and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Ni-Co alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(2):484-491.
[18]许伟长,戴品强,郑耀东.钴含量对电沉积纳米晶镍钴合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(1):92-99.XU Wei-chang,DAI Pin-qiang,ZHENG Yao-dong.Effect of Co content on structures and mechanical properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(1):92-99.(in Chinese)
[19]张亚鹏.纳米粒子改性镍钴电镀层的制备及性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.ZHANG Ya-peng.Preparation and properties of nano-particle modified nickel-cobalt electroplating layer[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[20]高吉成.脉冲电铸镍钴合金成型工艺及性能研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012.GAO Ji-cheng.Study on forming process and properties of pulse electroplating nickel-cobalt alloy[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2012.(in Chinese)
[21]Golodnitsky D,Yu R,Ulus A.The role of anion additives in the electrodeposition of nickel-cobalt alloys from sulfamate electrolyte[J].Electrochimica Acta,2003,47(17):2707-2714.
[22]刘海鹏,杨海丽,王心悦,等.镀液温度对脉冲电镀Zn-NiMn合金镀层的影响[J].电镀与精饰,2016,38(10):15-18.LIU Hai-peng,YANG Hai-li,WANG Xin-yue,et al.Effect of bath temperature on Zn-Ni-Mn alloy coating prepared by pulse electroplating[J].Plating and Finishing,2016,38(10):15-18.(in Chinese)
[23]杜明华,李宁,武刚,等.电沉积参数对Co-Ni合金镀层的影响[C]∥电子电镀年会论文集.深圳:中国电子学会,2003:52-55.DU Ming-hua,LI Ning,WU Gang,et al.The effect of electrodeposition parameters on the Co-Ni alloy coating[C]∥Proceedings of National Conference on Electroplating.Shenzhen:China Electronics Society,2003:52-55.(in Chinese)