仿人工挑带式滴灌带回收机研制与虚拟样机仿真
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摘要
【目的】研究农田滴灌带人工回收劳动强度大、卸载困难、易断带等,设计一种仿人工挑带动作的挑带式滴灌带回收机。【方法】回收机主要由卷带机构、导向机构、挑带机构以及机架等组成。卷带机构由多连杆机构组成,通过移动滑块可实现滴灌带的快速卸载;建立并求解导向机构和挑带机构数学模型;利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立滴灌带回收机的虚拟样机模型。【结果】获得导向机构参数:曲柄长155 mm,连杆长439mm,偏心距长248 mm时,传动效果最佳;获得挑带机构参数:曲柄长141 mm,挑杆长366 mm时,满足挑带高度500 mm的要求;仿真分析发现:随着导向机构和挑带机构转速的增加,滴灌带内张力逐渐增加,最终确定导向机构的转速为0. 8 r/s,挑带机构转速0. 6 r/s。【结论】仿人工挑带式滴灌带回收机1 h作业面积约1hm2,可以快速完成滴灌带的卷带、卸载。
【Objective】In order to solve the problems such as the heavy intensity of labor,low recovery efficiency and drip irrigation belt fracture,this paper designs a drip irrigation belt recycling machine which can imitate the action of manual pulling belt.【Method】The reclaiming machine is mainly composed of the reeling belt mechanism,guiding mechanism,picking belt mechanism,frame and other components. The reeling mechanism consists of a multi-linkage mechanism,and the drip irrigation belt could be quickly uninstalled by moving the slider. Then the model for its key mechanism such as winding belt mechanism and picking belt mechanism,moreover the virtual prototype of the belt and drip irrigation was created under the recovery unit based on dynamic simulation software ADAMS.【Result】The parameters of the guide mechanism were obtained as follows: crank length 155 mm,connecting rod length 439 mm,eccentricity 248 mm,which can attain the best transmission effect; parameters of the picking belt mechanism were obtained as follows: crank length 144 mm,rocker length 366 mm,meeting the requirements of picking height 500 mm; simulation analysis found that: with the increase of the speed of the guiding mechanism and picking belt mechanism,the tension in the drip irrigation belt gradually increased. Finally,the rotational speed of the guiding mechanism was set to 0. 8 r/s,and the speed of the picking belt mechanism was 0. 6 r/s.【Conclusion】The recovery machine has an working area of about one hectare per hour,which can quickly complete winding and unistalling the drip irrigation belt,thus greatly reducing the tape breakage rate.
【Objective】In order to solve the problems such as the heavy intensity of labor,low recovery efficiency and drip irrigation belt fracture,this paper designs a drip irrigation belt recycling machine which can imitate the action of manual pulling belt.【Method】The reclaiming machine is mainly composed of the reeling belt mechanism,guiding mechanism,picking belt mechanism,frame and other components. The reeling mechanism consists of a multi-linkage mechanism,and the drip irrigation belt could be quickly uninstalled by moving the slider. Then the model for its key mechanism such as winding belt mechanism and picking belt mechanism,moreover the virtual prototype of the belt and drip irrigation was created under the recovery unit based on dynamic simulation software ADAMS.【Result】The parameters of the guide mechanism were obtained as follows: crank length 155 mm,connecting rod length 439 mm,eccentricity 248 mm,which can attain the best transmission effect; parameters of the picking belt mechanism were obtained as follows: crank length 144 mm,rocker length 366 mm,meeting the requirements of picking height 500 mm; simulation analysis found that: with the increase of the speed of the guiding mechanism and picking belt mechanism,the tension in the drip irrigation belt gradually increased. Finally,the rotational speed of the guiding mechanism was set to 0. 8 r/s,and the speed of the picking belt mechanism was 0. 6 r/s.【Conclusion】The recovery machine has an working area of about one hectare per hour,which can quickly complete winding and unistalling the drip irrigation belt,thus greatly reducing the tape breakage rate.
引文
[1]袁寿其,李红,王新坤.中国节水灌溉装备发展现状、问题、趋势与建议[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(1):78-92.YUAN Shou-qi,LI Hong,WANG Xin-kun.(2015). Status,problems,trends and suggestions for water-saving irrigation equipment in China[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,33(1):78-92.(in Chinese)
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[3]蒋智超,史建新.滴灌带回收机的设计与实验[J].新疆农机化,2016,(6):19-20,32.JIANG Zhi-chao,SHI Jian-xin.(2016). Design and experiment on the drip irrigation belt recovering machine[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(6):19-20,32.(in Chinese)
[4]牛海龙,王吉奎,罗威,等. 4DJ型滴灌带回收机的设计与实验[J].新疆农机化,2017,(2):5-7.NIU Hai-long,WANG Ji-kui,LUO Wei,et al.(2017).Design of 4DJ type drip irrigation belt recovery machine[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(2):5-7.(in Chinese)
[5]董利勋,崔建伟,孙国新,等.小管径滴灌带性能试验及应用研究[J].节水灌溉,2006,(6):10-12.DONG Li-xun, CUI Jian-wei, SUNGuo-xin, et al.(2006). Study on the performance and application of minorcaliber drip tape[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,(6):10-12.(in Chinese)
[6]韩恒,杜文亮,常荣,等.旧滴灌带耐拉拔实验研究[J].节水灌溉,2015,(1):24-26,32.HAN Heng,DU Wen-liang,CHANG Rong,et al. 2015. The tensile test research of old drip tapes[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,(1):24-26,32.(in Chinese)
[7]丁双双,李天文,王吉奎,等. 4HS型滴灌带回收机的功率消耗分析[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(5):299-302.DING Shuang-shuang,LI Tian-wen,WANG Ji-kui,et al.(2015). Analysis of power consumption of 4HS type drip irrigation belt recovery machine[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricuitural Mechanization,36(5):299-302.(in Chinese)
[8]汤爱民,罗建和. 2JMSD-4. 5型揭膜、回收滴灌带机[J].新疆农机化,2008,(5):12,25.TANG Ai-min,LUO Jian-he.(2008). Dye stripping and recovery of 2JMSD-4. 5type drip irrigation belt machine[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(5):12,25.(in Chinese)
[9]龚贺贺,王吉奎,段文献,等. 4HR型滴灌带回收机的研制[J].新疆农机化,2015,(6):9-11.GONG He-he,WANG Ji-kui,DUAN Wen-xian,et al.(2015). Design of 4HR type drip irrigation belt recoverymachine[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(6):9-11.(in Chinese)
[10]李显溦,石建初,王数,等.新疆地下滴灌棉田一次性滴灌带埋深数值模拟与分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,(9):191-198,22.LI Xian-wei,SHI Jian-chu,WANG Shu,et al.(2017).Numerical simulation and analysis on depth of disposable tape in cotton field under subsurface drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,(9):191-198,22.(in Chinese)
[11]陈海文,王忠,赵斐.基于最小传动角最大的曲柄摇杆机构设计方法[J].机械传动,2015,39(6):131-134,155.CHEN Wen-hai,WANG Zhong,ZHAO Pei.(2015). Design Method of Crank-rocker Mechanism based on Maximum Value of Minimum Transmission Angle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,39(6):131-134,155.(in Chinese)
[12]程友联,吴晓红.曲柄摇杆机构的参数设计法[J].机械传动,2010,27(9):60-62,96.CHENG You-lian,WU Xiao-hong.(2010). Parameter design method of crank-rocker mechanism.[J]. Journal of Machine Design,27(9):60-62,96.(in Chinese)
[13]张静,王占英,刘春东,等.按最小传动角设计曲柄摇杆机构的解析方法[J].机械设计,2008,25(10):63-65.ZHANG Jing,WANG Zhan-ying,LIU Chun-dong,et al.(2008). Analytical method for designing crank-rocker mechanism according to minimum transmission angle[J]. Journal of Machine Design,25(10):63-65.(in Chinese)
[14]赵利明,温倩,朱予聪.行程速比系数取值范围分析[J].河南纺织高等专科学校学报,2004,(16):25-27.ZHAO Li-ming,WEN Qian,ZHU Yu-cong.(2004). Analysis on the Range of Ratio Coefficient of Journey to Speed[J].Journal of Henan Textile College,(16):25-27.(in Chinese)
[15]李莹莹,游敏,徐建军.基于MATLAB的曲柄摇杆机构优化设计[J].制造业自动化,2007,(8):31-33.LI Ying-ying,YOU Min,XU Jian-jun.(2007). Optimization design of crank rocker structure under the given output angle constraint[J]. Journal of Guangxi University of Technology,(8):31-33.(in Chinese)
[16]陈德为.曲柄滑块机构的MATLAB仿真[J].太原科技大学学报,2005,26(3):172-175.CHEN De-wei.(2005). Brace slip block organization on the MATLAB simulation[J]. Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute,26(3):172-175.(in Chinese)
[17]GB/T19812. 1-2005.塑料节水灌溉器材单翼迷宫式滴灌带[S].GB/T19812. 1-2005. Plastic Equipment For Water Saving Irrigation-Drip Tape with Labyrinth on One Side[S].(in Chinese)
[18]王颖,张维强.基于ADAMS的偏置曲柄滑块机构的运动学及动力学仿真研究[J].科学技术与工程,2010,(32):8 042-8 045.WANG Ying,ZHANG Wei-qiang.(2010). The kinematic/dynamic simulations in offset crank mechanism based on ADAMS[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,(32):8,042-8,045.(in Chinese)
[19]潘鸣宇.基于ADAMS的对心曲柄滑块机构的运动学分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2015,(3):78-80.PAN Ming-yu.(2015). Standard crank mechanism dynamics simulation based on ADAMS[J]. Mechanical Engineering&Automation,(3):78-80.(in Chinese)
[20]于涛,李亭亭.基于ADAMS的曲柄滑块压力机刚柔耦合模型的动态仿真分析[J],机械传动,2014,(3):64-66.YU Tao,LI Ting-ting.(2014). Dynamic Simulation for Rigid-flexible Coupling Model of Slider-crank Press based on ADAMS.[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,(3):64-66.(in Chinese)
[21]韩莉莉,许军辉,宁祎,等.基于Adams/Cable模块的柔索驱动仿真研究[J].中原工学院学报,2014,25(6):1-5.HAN Li-li,XU Jun-hui,NING Wei,et al.(2014). Research on simulation of cable drive based on ADAMS/Cable[J]. Journal of Zhongyuan University of Technology,25(6):1-5.(in Chinese)
[22]张营章,张顺心,崔少杰,等.基于ADAMS/Cable的起重机钢丝绳的仿真分析[J].制造业自动化,2013,(13):10-12.ZHANG Ying-zhang,ZHANG Shun-xin,CUI Shao-jie,et al.(2013). Simulation analysis for the wire rope of the crane based on ADAMS/Cable[J]. Manufacturing Automation,(13):10-12.(in Chinese)
[2]翟国亮,陈刚,冯俊杰,等.三级流道结构滴灌带的水力性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):36-39.ZHAI Guo-liang, CHEN Gang, FENG Jun-jie, et al.(2006). Simulative experiment of clogging performance of the drip irrigation tape with three-stage path[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,22(5):36-39.(in Chinese)
[3]蒋智超,史建新.滴灌带回收机的设计与实验[J].新疆农机化,2016,(6):19-20,32.JIANG Zhi-chao,SHI Jian-xin.(2016). Design and experiment on the drip irrigation belt recovering machine[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(6):19-20,32.(in Chinese)
[4]牛海龙,王吉奎,罗威,等. 4DJ型滴灌带回收机的设计与实验[J].新疆农机化,2017,(2):5-7.NIU Hai-long,WANG Ji-kui,LUO Wei,et al.(2017).Design of 4DJ type drip irrigation belt recovery machine[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(2):5-7.(in Chinese)
[5]董利勋,崔建伟,孙国新,等.小管径滴灌带性能试验及应用研究[J].节水灌溉,2006,(6):10-12.DONG Li-xun, CUI Jian-wei, SUNGuo-xin, et al.(2006). Study on the performance and application of minorcaliber drip tape[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,(6):10-12.(in Chinese)
[6]韩恒,杜文亮,常荣,等.旧滴灌带耐拉拔实验研究[J].节水灌溉,2015,(1):24-26,32.HAN Heng,DU Wen-liang,CHANG Rong,et al. 2015. The tensile test research of old drip tapes[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,(1):24-26,32.(in Chinese)
[7]丁双双,李天文,王吉奎,等. 4HS型滴灌带回收机的功率消耗分析[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(5):299-302.DING Shuang-shuang,LI Tian-wen,WANG Ji-kui,et al.(2015). Analysis of power consumption of 4HS type drip irrigation belt recovery machine[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricuitural Mechanization,36(5):299-302.(in Chinese)
[8]汤爱民,罗建和. 2JMSD-4. 5型揭膜、回收滴灌带机[J].新疆农机化,2008,(5):12,25.TANG Ai-min,LUO Jian-he.(2008). Dye stripping and recovery of 2JMSD-4. 5type drip irrigation belt machine[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(5):12,25.(in Chinese)
[9]龚贺贺,王吉奎,段文献,等. 4HR型滴灌带回收机的研制[J].新疆农机化,2015,(6):9-11.GONG He-he,WANG Ji-kui,DUAN Wen-xian,et al.(2015). Design of 4HR type drip irrigation belt recoverymachine[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(6):9-11.(in Chinese)
[10]李显溦,石建初,王数,等.新疆地下滴灌棉田一次性滴灌带埋深数值模拟与分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,(9):191-198,22.LI Xian-wei,SHI Jian-chu,WANG Shu,et al.(2017).Numerical simulation and analysis on depth of disposable tape in cotton field under subsurface drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,(9):191-198,22.(in Chinese)
[11]陈海文,王忠,赵斐.基于最小传动角最大的曲柄摇杆机构设计方法[J].机械传动,2015,39(6):131-134,155.CHEN Wen-hai,WANG Zhong,ZHAO Pei.(2015). Design Method of Crank-rocker Mechanism based on Maximum Value of Minimum Transmission Angle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,39(6):131-134,155.(in Chinese)
[12]程友联,吴晓红.曲柄摇杆机构的参数设计法[J].机械传动,2010,27(9):60-62,96.CHENG You-lian,WU Xiao-hong.(2010). Parameter design method of crank-rocker mechanism.[J]. Journal of Machine Design,27(9):60-62,96.(in Chinese)
[13]张静,王占英,刘春东,等.按最小传动角设计曲柄摇杆机构的解析方法[J].机械设计,2008,25(10):63-65.ZHANG Jing,WANG Zhan-ying,LIU Chun-dong,et al.(2008). Analytical method for designing crank-rocker mechanism according to minimum transmission angle[J]. Journal of Machine Design,25(10):63-65.(in Chinese)
[14]赵利明,温倩,朱予聪.行程速比系数取值范围分析[J].河南纺织高等专科学校学报,2004,(16):25-27.ZHAO Li-ming,WEN Qian,ZHU Yu-cong.(2004). Analysis on the Range of Ratio Coefficient of Journey to Speed[J].Journal of Henan Textile College,(16):25-27.(in Chinese)
[15]李莹莹,游敏,徐建军.基于MATLAB的曲柄摇杆机构优化设计[J].制造业自动化,2007,(8):31-33.LI Ying-ying,YOU Min,XU Jian-jun.(2007). Optimization design of crank rocker structure under the given output angle constraint[J]. Journal of Guangxi University of Technology,(8):31-33.(in Chinese)
[16]陈德为.曲柄滑块机构的MATLAB仿真[J].太原科技大学学报,2005,26(3):172-175.CHEN De-wei.(2005). Brace slip block organization on the MATLAB simulation[J]. Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute,26(3):172-175.(in Chinese)
[17]GB/T19812. 1-2005.塑料节水灌溉器材单翼迷宫式滴灌带[S].GB/T19812. 1-2005. Plastic Equipment For Water Saving Irrigation-Drip Tape with Labyrinth on One Side[S].(in Chinese)
[18]王颖,张维强.基于ADAMS的偏置曲柄滑块机构的运动学及动力学仿真研究[J].科学技术与工程,2010,(32):8 042-8 045.WANG Ying,ZHANG Wei-qiang.(2010). The kinematic/dynamic simulations in offset crank mechanism based on ADAMS[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,(32):8,042-8,045.(in Chinese)
[19]潘鸣宇.基于ADAMS的对心曲柄滑块机构的运动学分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2015,(3):78-80.PAN Ming-yu.(2015). Standard crank mechanism dynamics simulation based on ADAMS[J]. Mechanical Engineering&Automation,(3):78-80.(in Chinese)
[20]于涛,李亭亭.基于ADAMS的曲柄滑块压力机刚柔耦合模型的动态仿真分析[J],机械传动,2014,(3):64-66.YU Tao,LI Ting-ting.(2014). Dynamic Simulation for Rigid-flexible Coupling Model of Slider-crank Press based on ADAMS.[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,(3):64-66.(in Chinese)
[21]韩莉莉,许军辉,宁祎,等.基于Adams/Cable模块的柔索驱动仿真研究[J].中原工学院学报,2014,25(6):1-5.HAN Li-li,XU Jun-hui,NING Wei,et al.(2014). Research on simulation of cable drive based on ADAMS/Cable[J]. Journal of Zhongyuan University of Technology,25(6):1-5.(in Chinese)
[22]张营章,张顺心,崔少杰,等.基于ADAMS/Cable的起重机钢丝绳的仿真分析[J].制造业自动化,2013,(13):10-12.ZHANG Ying-zhang,ZHANG Shun-xin,CUI Shao-jie,et al.(2013). Simulation analysis for the wire rope of the crane based on ADAMS/Cable[J]. Manufacturing Automation,(13):10-12.(in Chinese)