工业竞争力升级对碳生产率的影响研究
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摘要
研究基于收益成本角度创建了工业竞争力指数,从理论层面分析了工业竞争力升级对碳生产率的影响,使用2003至2015年36个工业行业面板数据实证检验了工业竞争力升级对碳生产率的影响。研究发现,工业竞争力升级能有效提升碳生产率,低碳技术效率对碳生产率的提升作用十分突出,但煤炭消费占比过高抑制了碳生产率的提升。稳健性检验结果显示,在国有化程度高和环境规制水平低的行业,竞争力升级对碳生产率的促进作用比其参照组更显著。最后,从提升工业竞争力水平、提升低碳技术效率和优化能源消费结构三方面提出提升碳生产率的对策建议。
The industrial competitiveness index is established on the perspective of revenue and cost. The impact of upgrading in industrial competitiveness on carbon productivity is analyzed theoretically and tested with the panel data of 36 industrial from 2003 to 2015. The study found that, upgrading in industrial competitiveness can increase carbon productivity effectively, low carbon technology efficiency had a prominent effect on the improvement of carbon productivity, but excessively high proportion of coal consumption restrain carbon productivity. The results of robustness test show that, for industries with higher nationalization and lower level of environmental regulation, the role of competitiveness in promoting carbon productivity is more pronounced than in the reference group. Finally, some suggestions on improving carbon productivity are proposed, including improving the level of industrial competitiveness, improving the efficiency of low carbon technology and optimizing the structure of energy consumption.
The industrial competitiveness index is established on the perspective of revenue and cost. The impact of upgrading in industrial competitiveness on carbon productivity is analyzed theoretically and tested with the panel data of 36 industrial from 2003 to 2015. The study found that, upgrading in industrial competitiveness can increase carbon productivity effectively, low carbon technology efficiency had a prominent effect on the improvement of carbon productivity, but excessively high proportion of coal consumption restrain carbon productivity. The results of robustness test show that, for industries with higher nationalization and lower level of environmental regulation, the role of competitiveness in promoting carbon productivity is more pronounced than in the reference group. Finally, some suggestions on improving carbon productivity are proposed, including improving the level of industrial competitiveness, improving the efficiency of low carbon technology and optimizing the structure of energy consumption.
引文
[1]KAYA Y,YOKOBORI K.Environment,Energy,and Economy:Strategies for Sustainability[M].Tokyo:United Nations University Press,1997.
[2]ENKVIST P,NAUCLéR T,OPPENHEIM JM.Business strategies for climate change[J].McKinsey Quarterly,2008,12(2):24.
[3]BEINHOCKER E,OPPENHEIM J,IRONS B,et al.The carbon productivity challenge:Curbing climate change and sustaining economic growth[R].Sydney:McKinsey Global Institute,2008.
[4]ERNST D.Catching-upCrisis and Industrial Upgrading:Evolutionary Aspects of Technological Learning in Korea’s Electronics Industry[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,1988,15(2):247-283.
[5]OZAWA T.Japan in a new phase of multinationalism and industrial upgrading:Functional integration of trade,growth and FDI[J].Journal of World Trade,1991,25(1):43-60.
[6]ERNST D.Global Production Network and Industrial Upgrading-knowledge-centered Approach[R].East-Wester Center Working Paper:Economic Series,2001.
[7]赫希曼.经济发展战略[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1991:78.
[8]罗斯托.经济成长的阶段[M],北京:商务印书馆,1962:62.
[9]田洪川.中国产业升级对劳动力就业的影响研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.
[10]刘斌,魏倩,吕越,等.制造业服务化与价值链升级[J].经济研究,2016,14(3):151-162.
[11]周振华,产业结构优化论[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1992:58-62.
[12]关爱萍,王渝.区域主导产业选择基准研究[J].统计研究,2002(12):37-40.
[13]周蓉,柳剑平.低碳发展理念与国际竞争力:逻辑与出路[J].河南社会科学,2018,27(7):49-54.
[14]邱晓兰,余建辉.低碳视角下中国造纸产业国际竞争力分析[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,23(6):34-41.
[15]许冬兰,徐璐,李玉强.基于碳生产率的我国低碳贸易国际竞争力评价研究[J].中共青岛市委党校.青岛行政学院学报,2013,25(5):39-44.
[16]郑义,戴永务,刘燕娜.低碳贸易竞争力指数的构建及中国实证[J].国际贸易问题,2015,26(1):145-155.
[17]卢愿清,黄芳.低碳竞争力驱动因素及作用机理-基于PLS-SEM模型的分析[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(9):15-18.
[18]金碚.大国筋骨:中国工业化65年历程与思考[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2015:157.
[19]张俊,林卿.产业转移对我国区域碳排放影响研究-基于国际和区域产业转移的对比[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,18(4):73-79.
[20]TSUTSUI M,TONE K.An epsilon-based measure of efficiency in DEA[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2010,136(207):1554-1563.
[21]师博,沈坤荣.城市化、产业集聚与EBM能源效率[J].产业经济研究,2012,28(6):10-16.
[22]俞会新,林晓彤.基于EBM超效率模型的京津冀环境污染治理投资效率分析[J].河北工业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,10(1):9-16.
[23]韩清童.基于复杂网络与EBM模型的货运机场效率研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2017.
[24]沈小波,林伯强.中国工业部门投入体现的和非体现的技术进步[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017,12(5):72-87.
[25]陈强.高级计量经济学及stata应用(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:428.
[26]WESTERLUND J.Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics&Statistics,2007,69(6):709-748.
[27]胡博.Stata统计分析与应用(修订版)[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2013:126.
[28]CORREIA S.A feasible estimator for linear models with multi-way fixed effects[M].NC:Duke University.2016.
[29]ABOWD JM,CREECY RH,KRAMARZ F.Computing person and firm effects using linked longitudinal employer-employee data[R].Center for Economic Studies,USCensus Bureau,2002,No.245.
[30]KOUTIS I,MILLER GL,PENG R.A fast solver for a class of linear systems[J].Communications of the ACM,2012(10):99-107.
[31]GUIMAR ES P,PORTUGAL P.A simple feasible procedure to fit models with high-dimensional fixed effects[J].Stata Journal,2010,8(4):628-630.
[32]GAURE S.Convergence rate examples and theory[R].Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research,Univertisty of Oslo,2015,No.574.
[33]颉茂华,果婕欣,王瑾.环境规制、技术创新与企业转型-以沪深上市重污染行业企业为例[J].研究与发展管理,2016,28(1):84-94.
[34]刘端,王竹青.不同市场竞争条件下客户关系集中度对企业现金持有的影响-基于中国制造业上市公司的实证[J].管理评论,2017,12(4):181-195.
(1)高技术产业界定见国家统计局《高技术产业(制造业)分类(2013)》.
(2)模型中的因变量-碳生产率,表示的是因碳排放带来的产值,是碳的“生产力”,而控制变量-低碳技术效率是在同时考虑投入要素和产出要素结构的条件下测算生产要素的产出效率,与技术水平紧密相连,因此可以用后者解释前者体现低碳技术水平对碳生产率的影响。
(3)各能源折标煤系数见中国产业节能网http://www.china-esi.com/Article/13750.html.
[2]ENKVIST P,NAUCLéR T,OPPENHEIM JM.Business strategies for climate change[J].McKinsey Quarterly,2008,12(2):24.
[3]BEINHOCKER E,OPPENHEIM J,IRONS B,et al.The carbon productivity challenge:Curbing climate change and sustaining economic growth[R].Sydney:McKinsey Global Institute,2008.
[4]ERNST D.Catching-upCrisis and Industrial Upgrading:Evolutionary Aspects of Technological Learning in Korea’s Electronics Industry[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,1988,15(2):247-283.
[5]OZAWA T.Japan in a new phase of multinationalism and industrial upgrading:Functional integration of trade,growth and FDI[J].Journal of World Trade,1991,25(1):43-60.
[6]ERNST D.Global Production Network and Industrial Upgrading-knowledge-centered Approach[R].East-Wester Center Working Paper:Economic Series,2001.
[7]赫希曼.经济发展战略[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1991:78.
[8]罗斯托.经济成长的阶段[M],北京:商务印书馆,1962:62.
[9]田洪川.中国产业升级对劳动力就业的影响研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.
[10]刘斌,魏倩,吕越,等.制造业服务化与价值链升级[J].经济研究,2016,14(3):151-162.
[11]周振华,产业结构优化论[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1992:58-62.
[12]关爱萍,王渝.区域主导产业选择基准研究[J].统计研究,2002(12):37-40.
[13]周蓉,柳剑平.低碳发展理念与国际竞争力:逻辑与出路[J].河南社会科学,2018,27(7):49-54.
[14]邱晓兰,余建辉.低碳视角下中国造纸产业国际竞争力分析[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,23(6):34-41.
[15]许冬兰,徐璐,李玉强.基于碳生产率的我国低碳贸易国际竞争力评价研究[J].中共青岛市委党校.青岛行政学院学报,2013,25(5):39-44.
[16]郑义,戴永务,刘燕娜.低碳贸易竞争力指数的构建及中国实证[J].国际贸易问题,2015,26(1):145-155.
[17]卢愿清,黄芳.低碳竞争力驱动因素及作用机理-基于PLS-SEM模型的分析[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(9):15-18.
[18]金碚.大国筋骨:中国工业化65年历程与思考[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2015:157.
[19]张俊,林卿.产业转移对我国区域碳排放影响研究-基于国际和区域产业转移的对比[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,18(4):73-79.
[20]TSUTSUI M,TONE K.An epsilon-based measure of efficiency in DEA[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2010,136(207):1554-1563.
[21]师博,沈坤荣.城市化、产业集聚与EBM能源效率[J].产业经济研究,2012,28(6):10-16.
[22]俞会新,林晓彤.基于EBM超效率模型的京津冀环境污染治理投资效率分析[J].河北工业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,10(1):9-16.
[23]韩清童.基于复杂网络与EBM模型的货运机场效率研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2017.
[24]沈小波,林伯强.中国工业部门投入体现的和非体现的技术进步[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017,12(5):72-87.
[25]陈强.高级计量经济学及stata应用(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:428.
[26]WESTERLUND J.Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics&Statistics,2007,69(6):709-748.
[27]胡博.Stata统计分析与应用(修订版)[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2013:126.
[28]CORREIA S.A feasible estimator for linear models with multi-way fixed effects[M].NC:Duke University.2016.
[29]ABOWD JM,CREECY RH,KRAMARZ F.Computing person and firm effects using linked longitudinal employer-employee data[R].Center for Economic Studies,USCensus Bureau,2002,No.245.
[30]KOUTIS I,MILLER GL,PENG R.A fast solver for a class of linear systems[J].Communications of the ACM,2012(10):99-107.
[31]GUIMAR ES P,PORTUGAL P.A simple feasible procedure to fit models with high-dimensional fixed effects[J].Stata Journal,2010,8(4):628-630.
[32]GAURE S.Convergence rate examples and theory[R].Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research,Univertisty of Oslo,2015,No.574.
[33]颉茂华,果婕欣,王瑾.环境规制、技术创新与企业转型-以沪深上市重污染行业企业为例[J].研究与发展管理,2016,28(1):84-94.
[34]刘端,王竹青.不同市场竞争条件下客户关系集中度对企业现金持有的影响-基于中国制造业上市公司的实证[J].管理评论,2017,12(4):181-195.
(1)高技术产业界定见国家统计局《高技术产业(制造业)分类(2013)》.
(2)模型中的因变量-碳生产率,表示的是因碳排放带来的产值,是碳的“生产力”,而控制变量-低碳技术效率是在同时考虑投入要素和产出要素结构的条件下测算生产要素的产出效率,与技术水平紧密相连,因此可以用后者解释前者体现低碳技术水平对碳生产率的影响。
(3)各能源折标煤系数见中国产业节能网http://www.china-esi.com/Article/13750.html.