海南省贫困地区中小学生营养不良调查分析
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摘要
目的了解海南省贫困地区学生营养不良状况,为制定营养改善措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法随机抽取海南省实施"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"贫困地区小学和初中共12所,每所学校的每个年级中抽取1～2个班的学生作为调查对象,按照统一标准方法测量学生的身高、体重。结果共调查5 006名学生,其中男生2 636名,女生2 370名;学生营养不良检出率为28. 5%,生长迟缓检出率4. 6%,均为男生高于女生,小学生高于初中生,乡镇学校学生高于县城学校学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);轻度消瘦检出率为9. 8%,男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);中重度消瘦检出率14. 1%,黎族学生较高且男生高于女生,小学生高于初中生,乡镇学校学生高于县城学校学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论海南省贫困地区学生营养不良率较高,尤其是男生、小学生以及乡镇学校学生,需重点关注。
Objective To investigate the status of malnutrition in students in poor areas of Hainan Province so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutritional improvement measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select twelve primary schools and middle schools in poverty areas implemented the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Students in Hainan Province. Students of 1-2 classes in each grade of the selected schools were chosen as the surveyed subjects,and their height and weight were measured according to the unified standard. Results A total of 5,006 students,including 2,636 boys and 2,370 girls,were investigated. The detection rates of malnutrition and growth retardation were28.5% and 4. 6% respectively,and they were both higher in boys than in girls,higher in pupils than in junior middle school students and higher in township school students than in county school students,all showing statistically significant differences(all P< 0.05). The detection rate of mild weight loss was 9.8%,and it was higher in boys than in girls,showing a statistically significant difference(P< 0.05). The detection rate of moderate and severe weight loss was 14. 1%,and it was higher in Li nationality students,higher in boys than in girls,higher in pupils than in junior middle school students,higher in township school students than in county school students,all showing statistically significant differences(all P< 0.05). Conclusions Malnutrition rate is higher among students in poor areas of Hainan Province,especially in boys,pupils and township school students; and hence,special attention should be paid to them.
Objective To investigate the status of malnutrition in students in poor areas of Hainan Province so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutritional improvement measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select twelve primary schools and middle schools in poverty areas implemented the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Students in Hainan Province. Students of 1-2 classes in each grade of the selected schools were chosen as the surveyed subjects,and their height and weight were measured according to the unified standard. Results A total of 5,006 students,including 2,636 boys and 2,370 girls,were investigated. The detection rates of malnutrition and growth retardation were28.5% and 4. 6% respectively,and they were both higher in boys than in girls,higher in pupils than in junior middle school students and higher in township school students than in county school students,all showing statistically significant differences(all P< 0.05). The detection rate of mild weight loss was 9.8%,and it was higher in boys than in girls,showing a statistically significant difference(P< 0.05). The detection rate of moderate and severe weight loss was 14. 1%,and it was higher in Li nationality students,higher in boys than in girls,higher in pupils than in junior middle school students,higher in township school students than in county school students,all showing statistically significant differences(all P< 0.05). Conclusions Malnutrition rate is higher among students in poor areas of Hainan Province,especially in boys,pupils and township school students; and hence,special attention should be paid to them.
引文
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[8]邓竹娟,茆广绪,刘丽,等.2014—2015学年湖南省农村中小学生营养状况监测结果分析[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(3):356-357.
[9]关炳菊,王情情,潘慧,等.农村贫困地区小学生营养知识现状[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(5):654-656.
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[11]中国学生体质与健康调研组.2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:35.
[12] Mayurasakorn K,Sitphahul P,Hongto P. Supplement of three eggs a week improves protein malnutrition in Thai children from rural areas[J]. J Med Assoc Thai,2010,93(3):301-309.
[13]张彦勤,娄晓民,许凤鸣,等. 2005-2014年河南省中小学生营养不良情况调查[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(14):2534-2536,2544.
[2]计美美,林茜.中国农村留守儿童营养与生长发育现状及影响因素[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(10):1277-1280.
[3]董彦会,王政和,马军. 2005-2010年我国7~12岁学生营养不良流行现状分析[J].营养学报,2016,38(5):431-437.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 26343-2010学生健康检查技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011:10.
[5]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.WS/T 456-2014学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:5.
[6]罗军,朱晓霞.杭州市2010年中小学生营养不良状况[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(4):396-397.
[7]胡小琪,徐海泉,李荔,等.中国贫困地区学生营养状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(12):1783-1785.
[8]邓竹娟,茆广绪,刘丽,等.2014—2015学年湖南省农村中小学生营养状况监测结果分析[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(3):356-357.
[9]关炳菊,王情情,潘慧,等.农村贫困地区小学生营养知识现状[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(5):654-656.
[10]秦武丽.农村学生营养不良现状及研究进展[J].职业与健康,2014,30(14):2018-2021.
[11]中国学生体质与健康调研组.2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:35.
[12] Mayurasakorn K,Sitphahul P,Hongto P. Supplement of three eggs a week improves protein malnutrition in Thai children from rural areas[J]. J Med Assoc Thai,2010,93(3):301-309.
[13]张彦勤,娄晓民,许凤鸣,等. 2005-2014年河南省中小学生营养不良情况调查[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(14):2534-2536,2544.