动态频率测量的滞后误差分析及改进方法
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摘要
采用常规方法测量动态频率时会产生滞后误差,该误差与被测信号的频率变化率以及测量结果的更新间隔时间成正比。为了降低滞后误差,对3种常规的频率测量方法进行改进研究。改进测周法,提出了周期跟踪法,当测量信号周期的定时器计时值超过上一个信号周期时,将定时器计时值作为信号周期并实时更新测量结果,从而缩短测量结果的更新间隔时间以降低滞后误差;改进多周期同步法,提出了分步移动式多周期同步法,在信号边沿中断程序中记录信号周期,并根据最近的若干个信号周期记录来计算信号频率,将测量结果的更新周期由多个信号周期缩短为单个信号周期,滞后误差最多可降低约2/3;改进计数法,提出了分步移动式计数法,采用计数器对信号数进行连续计数,将用于统计信号数的计时时间的1/n设置为定时器中断周期,在定时器中断程序中读取并记录计数器数值,根据最新记录的n个计数器数值来计算信号频率,将测量结果的更新间隔时间缩短为计数法的1/n,滞后误差最多可降低约2/3。
While adopting traditional methods to measure dynamic frequency,lag error is inevitable and play an important role in the whole error.Lag error is linear to frequency change rate and measurement result update interval.To decrease lag error,there traditional frequency measurement methods are modified.Tracing-cycle method is present based on measuring-cycle method.While the timer register value used to measure the signal cycle is larger than the former cycle,the timer register value is taken as the signal cycle and the measurement result is updated in real time.Measurement result update interval is shortened to reduce the lag error.Fractional stepsmoving multi-cycle synchronous method is presented based on the multi-cycle synchronous method.In capturing-edge interrupt program,the cycle value is recorded,and thesignal frequency is calculated according to the necessary latest cycle value records.Measurement result refreshes cycle reduced from several cycles to one cycle,and maximum lag error is reduced by about 2/3.Fractional steps-moving counting-pulse method is presented based on counting-pulse method.Counter is set to counter the signal pulse continuously.Timer interrupt cycle is set to 1/n of total time for countering signal pulse.In interrupt program,the counter value is recorded,and the frequency is calculated using the latest n records.The refresh cycle reduced to 1/n of traditional counting-pulse method,and the maximum lag error reduced by about 2/3.
While adopting traditional methods to measure dynamic frequency,lag error is inevitable and play an important role in the whole error.Lag error is linear to frequency change rate and measurement result update interval.To decrease lag error,there traditional frequency measurement methods are modified.Tracing-cycle method is present based on measuring-cycle method.While the timer register value used to measure the signal cycle is larger than the former cycle,the timer register value is taken as the signal cycle and the measurement result is updated in real time.Measurement result update interval is shortened to reduce the lag error.Fractional stepsmoving multi-cycle synchronous method is presented based on the multi-cycle synchronous method.In capturing-edge interrupt program,the cycle value is recorded,and thesignal frequency is calculated according to the necessary latest cycle value records.Measurement result refreshes cycle reduced from several cycles to one cycle,and maximum lag error is reduced by about 2/3.Fractional steps-moving counting-pulse method is presented based on counting-pulse method.Counter is set to counter the signal pulse continuously.Timer interrupt cycle is set to 1/n of total time for countering signal pulse.In interrupt program,the counter value is recorded,and the frequency is calculated using the latest n records.The refresh cycle reduced to 1/n of traditional counting-pulse method,and the maximum lag error reduced by about 2/3.
引文
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[18]张炳力,杜红亮,金朝勇,等.6AT控制器的快速控制原型及硬件在环仿真研究[J].汽车工程,2011,33(8):680-684.ZHANG B L,DU H L,JIN CH Y,et al.A research on rapid control prototyping and hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the control unit of six speed automatic transmission[J].Automotive Engineering,2011,33(8):680-684.
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[20]许善珍,魏民祥.发动机瞬时转速测量方法及试验研究[J].汽车技术,2011,42(10):49-52.XU SH ZH,WEI M X.Study on engine transient speed measurement methods and experiment[J].Automobile Technology,2011,42(10):49-52.
[2]刘娅,李孝辉,王玉兰.一种基于数字技术的多通道频率测量系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(9):1963-1968.UU Y,LI X H,WANG Y L.Multi-channel frequency measurement system based on digital signal processing[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2009,30(9):1963-1968.
[3]贺振中,李孝辉,刘娅.宽范围数字化精密频率测量系统的研制[J].时间频率学报,2013,36(2):65-74.HE ZH ZH,LI X H,UU Y.A design of high-precision wide-range digital frequency measuring system[J].Journal of Time and Frequency,2013,36(2);65-74.
[4]汪正军,潘磊,纪国瑞.基于离散相位差检测的频率测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(5):994-1000.WANG ZH J,PAN L,JI G R.Frequency measurement method utilizing discrete phase delay detection[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(5):994-1000.
[5]沈伟,王军政,汪正军.一种基于信号补偿的频率测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(10):2192-2197.SHEN W,WANG J ZH,WANG ZH J.Frequency measurement algorithm based on signal compensation[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(10):2192-2197.
[6]王海,周渭,李智奇.基于延迟链的频率测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(3):520-523.WANG H,ZHOU W,LI ZH Q.Frequency measurement method based on delay chain[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2008,29(3):520-523.
[7]DAI J,XU K,DUAN R M,et al.Instantaneous frequency measurement based on complementary microwave photonic filters with a shared Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].Optics Communications,2011,284(24):5738-5741.
[8]KOU Y H,JIAO Y,XU D Y,et al.Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation[J].Advances in Space Research,2013,51(6):969-977.
[9]SONDKAR S Y,DUDHANE S,ABHYANKAR H K.Frequency measurement methods by signal processing techniques[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,38:2590-2594.
[10]马世伟,谢为群,朱晓锦,等.基于参数自适应时频分布的瞬时频率估计[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(11):1373-1377.MA SH W,XIE W Q,ZHU X J,et al.Instantaneous frequency estimation based on parametric adaptive timefrequency distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2006,27(11):1373-1377.
[11]张辉宜,陶陶,周秀丽.基于软件频率动态跟踪的交流同步采样技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(5):843-848.ZHANG H Y,TAO T,ZHOU X L.AC synchronous sampling technique based on software frequency dynamic tracking[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2006,28(5);1373-1377.
[12]王肖芬,徐科军.基于小波变换的基波提取和频率测量[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(2):145-151.WANG X F,XU K J.Fundamental wave extraction and frequency measurement based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2005,26(2):145-151.
[13]李明,涂亚庆,沈延鳌,等.时变信号频率跟踪的一种新自适应陷波器方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(7):1525-1532.LI M,TU Y Q,SHEN Y AO,et al.New adaptive notch filter based on time varying signal frequency tracking method[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(7):1525-1532.
[14]王海,郑胜峰.一种高精度四点式电力信号测频新方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2012,33(10):2187-2193.WANG H,ZHENG SH F.New high precision four-point frequency measurement method for power signal[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2012,33(10);2187-2193.
[15]苏丹,涂亚庆,沈艳林,等.异频信号的交叉信息融合频率估计方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(1):15-22.SU D,TU Y Q,SHEN Y L,et al.A frequency estimation method based on cross information fusion for different frequency signals[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(1):15-22.
[16]金书彝,吴光强,王立军.自动变速器车辆颤振现象的分析与仿真[J].汽车工程,2013,35(8):701-705.JIN SH Y,WU G Q,WANG L J.Analysis and simulation on the shudder phenomena in automatic transmission vehicles[J].Automotive Engineering,2013,35(8):701-705.
[17]李勇,常思勤,魏英俊.基于转速/转矩控制的AMT换挡策略[J].中国机械工程,2011,22(15):1880-1885.LI Y,CHANG S Q,WEI Y J.Shift strategy of AMT vehicle based on speed and torque control[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2011,22(15):1880-1885.
[18]张炳力,杜红亮,金朝勇,等.6AT控制器的快速控制原型及硬件在环仿真研究[J].汽车工程,2011,33(8):680-684.ZHANG B L,DU H L,JIN CH Y,et al.A research on rapid control prototyping and hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the control unit of six speed automatic transmission[J].Automotive Engineering,2011,33(8):680-684.
[19]汪玉洁,陈辰,周渭.新型频率测量方法的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(1):30-33,60.JIANG Y J,CHEN CH,ZHOU W.A study of new methods about frequency measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2004,25(1):30-33.
[20]许善珍,魏民祥.发动机瞬时转速测量方法及试验研究[J].汽车技术,2011,42(10):49-52.XU SH ZH,WEI M X.Study on engine transient speed measurement methods and experiment[J].Automobile Technology,2011,42(10):49-52.