雾化溅射干燥法制备氧化石墨烯-SiO_2/天然橡胶复合材料
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摘要
将天然胶乳(NRL)、氧化石墨烯(GO)分散液与SiO_2悬浮液3种液体通过机械搅拌充分混合,在高压气相雾化作用下,混合液先被打散成微小液滴,形成一次破碎;该液滴后经高温金属板表面溅射爆破,形成二次破碎,达到分散效果,然后液滴被瞬间脱水干燥获得GO-SiO_2/天然橡胶(NR)母胶。GO与SiO_2在雾化、溅射和爆破作用下,在NR中达到微观分散效果。结果表明,与普通絮凝湿法混炼工艺相比,雾化溅射干燥工艺可以使GO和SiO_2在NR基体中分散更均匀。Payne效应结果表明:雾化溅射工艺减弱了GO片层与SiO_2间的相互作用。雾化溅射干燥工艺制备的GO-SiO_2/NR硫化胶的拉伸强度提高了13.6%,撕裂强度提高了31.5%,耐磨性能提高了16.7%;动态力学性能结果表明,用该工艺制备的GO-SiO_2/NR复合材料在60℃左右损耗因子更低。
Natural latex(NRL),graphene oxide(GO)and SiO_2 suspension were fully mixed by mechanical stirring and the mixture was broken into small droplets by high pressure spraying firstly.Then the droplets sputtered and blasted after attaching high temperature metal surface,which led to further crushing to achieve ideal dispersion effect.The water in droplets was rapidly evaporated by flash drying and GO-SiO_2/natural rubber(NR)masterbatch was prepared.Under the effect of spraying,sputtering and blasting,GO and SiO_2 could achieve micro dispersion in NR matrix.The results show that GO and SiO_2 are uniformly dispersed in the NR matrix by spray sputtering drying method,compared with the properites of GO-SiO_2/NR composites prepared by common latex compounding method.Payne effect shows that the interaction between GO and SiO_2 is weakened by spray sputtering drying method.The tensile strength,tear strength and abrasion resistance of the GO-SiO_2/NR composites prepared by spray sputtering drying method increase by 13.6%,31.5% and 16.7% respectively.The dynamic mechanical results show that the GO-SiO_2/NR composites prepared by spray sputtering drying method has lower loss factor at about 60℃.
Natural latex(NRL),graphene oxide(GO)and SiO_2 suspension were fully mixed by mechanical stirring and the mixture was broken into small droplets by high pressure spraying firstly.Then the droplets sputtered and blasted after attaching high temperature metal surface,which led to further crushing to achieve ideal dispersion effect.The water in droplets was rapidly evaporated by flash drying and GO-SiO_2/natural rubber(NR)masterbatch was prepared.Under the effect of spraying,sputtering and blasting,GO and SiO_2 could achieve micro dispersion in NR matrix.The results show that GO and SiO_2 are uniformly dispersed in the NR matrix by spray sputtering drying method,compared with the properites of GO-SiO_2/NR composites prepared by common latex compounding method.Payne effect shows that the interaction between GO and SiO_2 is weakened by spray sputtering drying method.The tensile strength,tear strength and abrasion resistance of the GO-SiO_2/NR composites prepared by spray sputtering drying method increase by 13.6%,31.5% and 16.7% respectively.The dynamic mechanical results show that the GO-SiO_2/NR composites prepared by spray sputtering drying method has lower loss factor at about 60℃.
引文
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[2]DREYER D R,TODD A D,BIELAWSKI C W.Harnessing the chemistry of graphene oxide[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2014,43(15):5288-5301.
[3]BALANDIN A A,GHOSH S,BAO W Z,et al.Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene[J].Nano Letters,2008,8(3):902-907.
[4]STOLLER M D,PARK S,ZHU Y W,et al.Graphene based ultracapacitors[J].Nano Letters,2008,8(10):3498-3502.
[5]PARK S,LEE K S,BOZOKLU G,et al.Graphene oxide papers modified by divalent ions-enhancing mechanical properties via chemical cross-linking[J].ACS Nano,2008,2(3):572-578.
[6]温世鹏,柳东海,许宗超,等.石墨烯/弹性体纳米复合材料研究进展[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(6):1-14.WEN Shipeng,LIU Donghai,XU Zongchao,et al.Recent progress in graphene/elastormer nano composites[J].Journal of Beijing Chemical University(Natural Science Edition),2015,42(6):1-14(in Chinese).
[7]LI Y,HAN B Y,LIU L,ZHANG FZ,et al.Surface modification of Silica by two-step method and properties of solution styrene butadiene rubber(SSBR)nano composites filled with modified silica[J].Composites Science and Technology,2013,88:69-75.
[8]MAO Y Y,WEN S P,CHEN Y L,et al.High performance graphene oxide based rubber composites[J].Scientific Reports,2013,3(3):2508.
[9]汤银银,王娜,杨凤,等.机械共混法制备改性氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶复合材料及性能表征[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2015,31(9):167-172.TANG Yinyin,WANG Na,YANG Feng,et al.Preparation and characterization of modified graphene oxide/natural rubber composite by mechanical mixing method[J].Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2015,31(9):167-172(in Chinese).
[10]YANG G W,LIAO Z F,YANG Z J,et al.Effects of substitution for carbon black with graphene oxide or graphene on the morphology and performance of natural rubber/carbon black composites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2015,132(15):41832.
[11]ZHANG Y,MARK J E,ZHU Y W,et al.Mechanical properties of polybutadiene reinforced with octadecy Lamine modified graphene oxide[J].Polymer,2014,55(21):5389-5395.
[12]ARABY S,MENG Q S,ZHANG L Q,et al.Electrically and thermally conductive elastormer/graphene nano composites by solution mixing[J].Polymer,2014,55(1):201-210.
[13]YARAGALLA S,MEERA A P,et al.Chemistry associated with natural rubber-grahene nano composites and its effect on physical and structural properties[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2015,74:792-802.
[14]殷俊,张红玉,张伟丽,等.还原氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶—丁腈橡胶复合材料制备与性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(9):1879-1885.YIN Jun,ZHANG Hongyu,ZHANG Weili,et al.Manufacture and properties of graphite oxide/natural rubber nitrilebutadiene rubber composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(9):1879-1885(in Chinese).
[15]WANG J Y,JIA H B,TANG Y Y,et al.Enhancements of the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber with the addition of graphene oxide[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(4):1571-1577.
[16]XING W,TANG M Z,WU J R,et al.Multifunctional properties of graphene/rubber nanocomposites fabricated by a modified latex compounding method[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,99:67-74.
[17]樊玮,张超,刘天西.石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的研究进展[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(1):14-21.FAN Wei,ZHANG Chao,LIU Tianxi.Rencent progress in graphene/polymer composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(1):14-21(in Chinese).
[18]MAO Yingyan,ZHANG Shubai,ZHANG Dandan,et al.Enhancing graphene oxide reinforcing potential in composites by combined latex compounding and spray drying[J].Materials Research Express,2014,1(2):025009.
[19]全国橡胶与橡胶制品标准化技术委员会.橡胶用无转子硫化仪测定硫化特性:GB/T 16584—1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.National Technical Committee on Rubber&Products of Standardization Administration of China.Rubber-Measurement of vulcanization characteristics with rotorless curemeters:GB/T 16584—1996[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1996(in Chinese).
[20]全国橡胶与橡胶制品标准化技术委员会.硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶拉伸应力应变性能的测定:GB/T 528—1998[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.National Technical Committee on Rubber&Products of A Standardization Administration of China.Rubber,vulcanized or thermoplastic:Determination of tensile stress-strain properties:GB/T 528—1998[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1998(in Chinese).
[21]全国橡胶与橡胶制品标准化技术委员会.橡胶袖珍硬度计压入硬度试验方法:GB/T 531—1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.National Technical Committee on Rubber&Products of A Standardization Administration of China.Rubber determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters:GB/T 531—1999[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1999(in Chinese).
[22]全国橡胶与橡胶制品标准化技术委员会.硫化橡胶耐磨性能的测定(旋转辊筒式磨耗机法):GB/T 9867—1988[S].北京:中国标准出社,1988.National Technical Committee on Rubber&Products of Standardization Administration of China.Rubber determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylinderical drum device:GB/T 9867—1988[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1988(in Chinese).
[23]李岩.白炭黑的表面改性及其高填充SSBR复合材料的制备和性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2014.LI Yan.Study on surface modification of silica and preparation and properties of modified Silica highly filled SSBR composites[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[24]PAYNE A R.The dynamic properties of carbon black-loaded natural rubber vulcanizates:Part I[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1962,6(19):57-63.
[25]PAYNE A R,WHITTAKER R E.Low strain dynamic properties of filled rubbers[J].Rubber Chemistry and Technology,1971,44(2):440-478.
[26]WANG M J.Effect of polymer-filler and filler-filler interactions on dynamic properties of filled vulcanizates[J].Rubber Chemistry and Technology,1998,71(3):520-589.
[27]ROBERTSON C G,LIN C J,RACKAITIS M,et al.Influence of particle size and polymer-filler coupling on vis Coeastic glass transition of particle-reinforced polymers[J].Macromolecules,2008,41(7):2727-2731.