赋题陶写与意念直陈——曲咏秋思之意趣兼与词吟秋思对读
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摘要
与词吟秋思积存的时序之悲与忧思之叹相照,曲咏秋思,在登山临水、向晚将归之际,或即景抒情,或放笔直遂,别生一种意致和兴味。马致远[越调·天净沙]小令即景赋题、怡悦性情,不经意间陶写天真妙趣;而其[双调·夜行船]套数直陈事典、赏生乐世、充满醉意眠天的乐感。以马致远两首同题秋思散曲为代表,从"夕阳西"与"秋风吟"的语面分析,结合鼎足对的生发和曲境与词境对读,考察赋题陶写与意念直陈的两种书写路数及其语篇风格,有助于进一步理解散曲的文体开进和独特的精神向度。由此可见,散曲文学承接着古典诗歌传统,促动了抒情韵文的自然变迁,又以开放的姿态接引了白话语体文学的精神意脉和发展方向。
In contrast with the sadness and sorrow for the passage of time expressed in autumn thought by ci, sanque writers can express their emotion and state their mind frankly for autumn thought when climbing a mountain, standing by the river or returning home at dusk, which has a unique sense and interest. in Ma Zhiyuan's single sanque song [Yuediao Tian jingsha]([越调·天净沙]),he was inspired by what he saw and composed the sanqu work, which could cheer the heart and compose the mind,unconsciously expressing good temperament and funny interest. While in his sequence of sanqu songs [Shuangdiao Yexingchuan]( [双调·夜行船]), Ma Zhiyuan stated the story from an ancient book directly and expressed his enjoyment of life, full of happy sense in slightly drunk state. Taking Ma Zhiyuan's two pieces of sanqu songs with the identical title for autumn thoughts as the representative, based on the analysis of the literal meaning of Sunset and Song of Autumn Wind, the author combines the emergence of tripartite style of sanqu and compares the sanqu context with the ci context to observe the two kinds of writing styles and their textual styles, namely, to cheer the heart and compose the mind and to state one's mind frankly according to a theme.It is helpful to further understand sanqu's style development and its unique spirit dimension. It can be concluded that sanqu literature inherits the tradition of classical poetry, promotes the natural changes of lyric verse and also introduces the spirit and development direction of vernacular literature with an open attitude.
In contrast with the sadness and sorrow for the passage of time expressed in autumn thought by ci, sanque writers can express their emotion and state their mind frankly for autumn thought when climbing a mountain, standing by the river or returning home at dusk, which has a unique sense and interest. in Ma Zhiyuan's single sanque song [Yuediao Tian jingsha]([越调·天净沙]),he was inspired by what he saw and composed the sanqu work, which could cheer the heart and compose the mind,unconsciously expressing good temperament and funny interest. While in his sequence of sanqu songs [Shuangdiao Yexingchuan]( [双调·夜行船]), Ma Zhiyuan stated the story from an ancient book directly and expressed his enjoyment of life, full of happy sense in slightly drunk state. Taking Ma Zhiyuan's two pieces of sanqu songs with the identical title for autumn thoughts as the representative, based on the analysis of the literal meaning of Sunset and Song of Autumn Wind, the author combines the emergence of tripartite style of sanqu and compares the sanqu context with the ci context to observe the two kinds of writing styles and their textual styles, namely, to cheer the heart and compose the mind and to state one's mind frankly according to a theme.It is helpful to further understand sanqu's style development and its unique spirit dimension. It can be concluded that sanqu literature inherits the tradition of classical poetry, promotes the natural changes of lyric verse and also introduces the spirit and development direction of vernacular literature with an open attitude.
引文
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[8] 王又华.古今词论[M]//唐圭璋.词话丛编.北京:中华书局,1986.
[2] 刘义庆.世说新语[M].徐震堮,校笺.北京:中华书局,1984.
[3] 王世贞.曲藻[M]//中国古典戏曲论著集成:第4册.北京:中国戏剧出版社,1959.
[4] 任讷.散曲概论(聚珍仿宋版)[M].北京:中华书局,1931.
[5] 刘熙载.艺概[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1978.
[6] 燕南芝庵.唱论[M]//中国古典戏曲论著集成:第1册.北京:中国戏剧出版社,1959.
[7] 四库全书·子部·小说家类[M].景印文渊阁本.台北:商务印书馆,1983.
[8] 王又华.古今词论[M]//唐圭璋.词话丛编.北京:中华书局,1986.