超超临界直流锅炉水冷壁横向裂纹治理
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摘要
近年来国内多台超超临界直流锅炉燃烧器中部至中间集箱入口的水冷壁向火侧存在大量横向裂纹缺陷,某厂2015年至今因该问题已发生15次爆管事件,严重威胁设备运行安全。目前,采取的常规措施有局部换管、堆焊、电弧喷涂、燃烧调整等,均是治标不治本,水动力深度优化是最有效的治理途径。常规水动力优化仅靠短时数据采集和理论计算进行节流孔圈扩孔调整,往往效果不佳。该厂通过对多煤种、多工况、全时段的水冷壁实际运行情况进行大数据采集和热负荷分布规律研究,并在综合整治的基础上,对水冷壁实施了缩孔、扩孔相结合的精细化水动力优化调整,调整后取得了很好的效果。
In recent years,a large number of transverse cracks on the water wall tube of fire between burner centre and the entrance tube of middle wall box are found in many ultra supercritical coal-fired boilers.There have been 15 times leakage incidents occurred since 2015 in this power plant,which seriously threatens the safety of running the power plant.At present,the measures taken include changing part of tube, surfacing,arc spraying and combustion adjustment,and are difficult to have a permanent cure.Hydrodynamic depth optimization is the most effective method of preventing leakage incidents.Conventional hydrodynamic optimization only relies on short-term data collection and theoretical calculation to adjust throttle orifice enlargement,which often leads to poor results.Based on the analysis of large data collection and thermal load distribution through the water wall from the actual operation of multi coal,multi condition,and all time real running condition,comprehensive renovation is performed,and the hydrodynamic optimization of cavity shrinkage and reaming is implemented,which has achieved good results.
In recent years,a large number of transverse cracks on the water wall tube of fire between burner centre and the entrance tube of middle wall box are found in many ultra supercritical coal-fired boilers.There have been 15 times leakage incidents occurred since 2015 in this power plant,which seriously threatens the safety of running the power plant.At present,the measures taken include changing part of tube, surfacing,arc spraying and combustion adjustment,and are difficult to have a permanent cure.Hydrodynamic depth optimization is the most effective method of preventing leakage incidents.Conventional hydrodynamic optimization only relies on short-term data collection and theoretical calculation to adjust throttle orifice enlargement,which often leads to poor results.Based on the analysis of large data collection and thermal load distribution through the water wall from the actual operation of multi coal,multi condition,and all time real running condition,comprehensive renovation is performed,and the hydrodynamic optimization of cavity shrinkage and reaming is implemented,which has achieved good results.
引文
[1] 蔡晖,殷尊,侯召堂,等.超超临界锅炉水冷壁管典型横向裂纹分析研究[C]//中国电机工程学会年会,2014.CAI Hui,YIN Zun,HOU Zhao-tang,et al.Study on typical transverse crack of water wall tube of ultra-supercritical unite[C]//Annual Meeting of China Society of Electrical Engineering,2014.
[2] 刘勇,唐必光,余艳芝.锅炉水冷壁横向裂纹失效机理分析.电站系统工程[J],2000,16 (3):147-149.LIU Yong,TANG Bi-guang,YU Yan-zhi.Mechanism of transverse cracking failure in boiler water wall[J],Power System Engineering,2000,16(3):147-149.
[3] 俞谷颖,张富祥,陈端雨,等.超(超)临界压力锅炉垂直管屏水冷壁水动力与热偏差调整建议[J].动力工程学报,2010,30(9):658-662.YU Gu-ying,ZHANG Fu-xiang,CHEN Duan-yu,et al.Suggestion on adjustment of hydrodynamic and thermal deviation of ultra-supercritical pressure boiler waterwall with vertical tube panel[J].Chinese Journal Of Power Engineering,2010,30(9):658-662.
[4] 刘勇,唐必光,熊立红,等.水冷壁管壁温度波动原因分析[J].热力发电,2001,30(2):15-17.LIU Yong,TANG Bi-guang,XIONG Li-hong,et al.Analysis on causes leading to wall-temperature fluctuation of the water-wall tubes[J].Thermal Power Generation,2001,30(2):15-17.
[5] 张家维,张忠华,张振杰,等.超超临界锅炉内螺纹管垂直上升水冷壁横向裂纹原因分析及治理.东北电力技术[J],2013,34(10):24-30.ZHANG Jia-wei,ZHANG Zhong-hua,ZHANG Zhen-jie,et al.Reason analysis and process on vertical rising rifled tube transverse crack of ultra-supercritical boiler[J].Northeast Electric Power Technology,2013,34(10):24-30.
[6] 靳春光,吕震,杨德良,等.电弧超音速喷涂技术在锅炉水冷壁防护上的应用[J].山东冶金,2006,28(4):83-84.JIN Chun-guang,LYU Zheng,YANG De-liang,et al.Application of supersonic velocity electric are spraying technology on the water-wall tubes of boiler[J],Shandong Metallurgy,2006,28(4):83-84.
[7] 徐春国,张德国,邵海波.华能玉环电厂1 000 MW超超临界锅炉水冷壁超温分析与应对方案[J].能源与环境,2013,(3):62-64.XU Chun-guo,ZHANG De-guo,SHAO Hai-bo.Water cooling wall temperature analysis and response for Huaneng Yuhuan power plant 1 000 MW ultra supercritical boiler[J].Energy and Environment,2013,(3):62-64.
[8] 张志正,孙保民,徐鸿,等.沁北发电厂超临界压力电站锅炉水冷壁截面温度场分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):25-28.ZHANG Zhi-zheng,SUN Bao-min,XU Hong,et al.Analysis of the water wall temperature field of 600 MW supercritical boiler of Qinbei power plant[J],Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,2006,26(7):25-28.
[9] 张家维.国产超超临界垂直管圈水冷壁锅炉下水冷壁横向裂纹成因分析及综合治理[D].东北大学,2013.ZHANG Jia-wei.Lower water wall transverse crack cause analysis and comprehensive management of domestic ultra-supercritical vertical water wall boiler[D].Northeastern University,2013.
[10] 李雅侠,周云龙,孙斌.直流锅炉水动力调整应用软件的开发与研究[J].东北电力大学学报,2004,24(4):9-14.LI Ya-xia,ZHOU Yun-long,SUN Bin.Software development and study of hydrodynamic adjustment for once-through boiler[J].Journal of Northeast China Institute of Electric Power Engineering,2004,24(4):9-14.
[11] 张志正、周云龙.垂直管屏式直流锅炉热态水动力调整方法[J].热能动力工程,2004(1):95-97,100.ZHANG Zhi-long,ZHOU Yun-long.Hot-state hydrodynamic adjustment method for a vertical water-wall once-through boiler[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2004(1):95-97,100.
[2] 刘勇,唐必光,余艳芝.锅炉水冷壁横向裂纹失效机理分析.电站系统工程[J],2000,16 (3):147-149.LIU Yong,TANG Bi-guang,YU Yan-zhi.Mechanism of transverse cracking failure in boiler water wall[J],Power System Engineering,2000,16(3):147-149.
[3] 俞谷颖,张富祥,陈端雨,等.超(超)临界压力锅炉垂直管屏水冷壁水动力与热偏差调整建议[J].动力工程学报,2010,30(9):658-662.YU Gu-ying,ZHANG Fu-xiang,CHEN Duan-yu,et al.Suggestion on adjustment of hydrodynamic and thermal deviation of ultra-supercritical pressure boiler waterwall with vertical tube panel[J].Chinese Journal Of Power Engineering,2010,30(9):658-662.
[4] 刘勇,唐必光,熊立红,等.水冷壁管壁温度波动原因分析[J].热力发电,2001,30(2):15-17.LIU Yong,TANG Bi-guang,XIONG Li-hong,et al.Analysis on causes leading to wall-temperature fluctuation of the water-wall tubes[J].Thermal Power Generation,2001,30(2):15-17.
[5] 张家维,张忠华,张振杰,等.超超临界锅炉内螺纹管垂直上升水冷壁横向裂纹原因分析及治理.东北电力技术[J],2013,34(10):24-30.ZHANG Jia-wei,ZHANG Zhong-hua,ZHANG Zhen-jie,et al.Reason analysis and process on vertical rising rifled tube transverse crack of ultra-supercritical boiler[J].Northeast Electric Power Technology,2013,34(10):24-30.
[6] 靳春光,吕震,杨德良,等.电弧超音速喷涂技术在锅炉水冷壁防护上的应用[J].山东冶金,2006,28(4):83-84.JIN Chun-guang,LYU Zheng,YANG De-liang,et al.Application of supersonic velocity electric are spraying technology on the water-wall tubes of boiler[J],Shandong Metallurgy,2006,28(4):83-84.
[7] 徐春国,张德国,邵海波.华能玉环电厂1 000 MW超超临界锅炉水冷壁超温分析与应对方案[J].能源与环境,2013,(3):62-64.XU Chun-guo,ZHANG De-guo,SHAO Hai-bo.Water cooling wall temperature analysis and response for Huaneng Yuhuan power plant 1 000 MW ultra supercritical boiler[J].Energy and Environment,2013,(3):62-64.
[8] 张志正,孙保民,徐鸿,等.沁北发电厂超临界压力电站锅炉水冷壁截面温度场分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):25-28.ZHANG Zhi-zheng,SUN Bao-min,XU Hong,et al.Analysis of the water wall temperature field of 600 MW supercritical boiler of Qinbei power plant[J],Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,2006,26(7):25-28.
[9] 张家维.国产超超临界垂直管圈水冷壁锅炉下水冷壁横向裂纹成因分析及综合治理[D].东北大学,2013.ZHANG Jia-wei.Lower water wall transverse crack cause analysis and comprehensive management of domestic ultra-supercritical vertical water wall boiler[D].Northeastern University,2013.
[10] 李雅侠,周云龙,孙斌.直流锅炉水动力调整应用软件的开发与研究[J].东北电力大学学报,2004,24(4):9-14.LI Ya-xia,ZHOU Yun-long,SUN Bin.Software development and study of hydrodynamic adjustment for once-through boiler[J].Journal of Northeast China Institute of Electric Power Engineering,2004,24(4):9-14.
[11] 张志正、周云龙.垂直管屏式直流锅炉热态水动力调整方法[J].热能动力工程,2004(1):95-97,100.ZHANG Zhi-long,ZHOU Yun-long.Hot-state hydrodynamic adjustment method for a vertical water-wall once-through boiler[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2004(1):95-97,100.