利用碳钢铸坯组织灰度图获取C含量分布的方法
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摘要
基于热酸洗腐蚀原理与图像光学理论,提出运用金属低倍组织灰度分析技术(灰度分析法)获取中高碳钢铸坯的低倍组织中不同位置不同区域不同尺度的一维、二维C元素含量分布。偏析严重的位置得到的C元素含量高,初始凝固的晶粒中心位置得到的C元素含量低,说明通过灰度分析法计算的C元素含量分布能与低倍组织形貌很好地对应。同时,通过电子探针与灰度分析法的测量结果对比,发现二者C元素含量的变化趋势具有很好的一致性,这验证了灰度分析法的有效性。另外,低倍组织图像整体亮度的改变不会造成由灰度分析法所测量的C元素含量发生明显改变,则表明灰度分析法对测量环境的变化具有一定的抗干扰能力,也间接说明了其可靠性。
On the basis of corrosion principle of hot pickling and image optical theory,metal macrostructure grayscale analysis(MGA)was presented for obtaining one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon element content distribution in different areas.In the severe segregation position,C element content is high,and C element content obtained by the initial solidification of the grain center position is low,indicating that the C element content distribution calculated by MGA can correspond well with the low-fold structure.At the same time,by comparing the measurement results of the electron probe with MGA,it is found that the change trend of the C element content has a good consistency,which verifies the effectiveness of MGA.In addition,the change of the overall brightness of the low-magnification tissue image does not cause a significant change in the C element content measured by MGA,which indicates that MGA has a certain anti-interference ability to the measurement environment change,and indirectly illustrates its reliability.
On the basis of corrosion principle of hot pickling and image optical theory,metal macrostructure grayscale analysis(MGA)was presented for obtaining one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon element content distribution in different areas.In the severe segregation position,C element content is high,and C element content obtained by the initial solidification of the grain center position is low,indicating that the C element content distribution calculated by MGA can correspond well with the low-fold structure.At the same time,by comparing the measurement results of the electron probe with MGA,it is found that the change trend of the C element content has a good consistency,which verifies the effectiveness of MGA.In addition,the change of the overall brightness of the low-magnification tissue image does not cause a significant change in the C element content measured by MGA,which indicates that MGA has a certain anti-interference ability to the measurement environment change,and indirectly illustrates its reliability.
引文
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[24]Beckermann C.Modelling of macrosegregaiton:applications and future needs[J].International Materials Reviews,2002,47(5):243.
[25]张永权.大型钢锭定向凝固技术的发展[J].钢铁研究学报,1995,17(4):83.(Zhang Y Q.Development of directional solidification technology for large steel ingots[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,1995,17(4):83.)
[26]傅杰.第二代电渣冶金技术与重大装备制造[J].材料与冶金学报,2011,10(S1):8.(Fu J.The second generation of electroslag metallurgy technology and major equipment manufacturing[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2011,10(S1):8.)
[27]李青,王资兴,谢树元.电渣重熔全过程的数学模型开发及过程模拟研究[J].金属学报,2017,53(4):494.(Li Q,Wang Z X,Xie S Y.Research on the development of mathematical model of the whole process of electroslag remelting and the process simulation[J].Acta Metallurgical Sinica,2017,53(4):494.)
[2]韩志强,蔡开科.连铸坯中微观偏析的模型研究[J].金属学报,2000,36(8):869.(Han Z Q,Cai K K.Study on a mathematical model of microsegregation in continuously cast slab[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2000,36(8):869.
[3]Lesoult G.Macrosegregation in steel strands and ingots:characterisaton,formation and consequences[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2005,413A(36):19.
[4]牛亮,仇圣桃,赵俊学,等.连铸工艺参数对38CrMoAl大圆坯碳偏析的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2018,30(5):359.(Niu L,Chou S T,Zhao J X,et al.Effect of continuous casting process parameters on carbon segregation of 38CrMoAl large round billet[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2018,30(5):359).
[5]蔡兆镇,朱苗勇.钢凝固两相区溶质元素的微观偏析及其对连铸坯表面纵裂纹的影响[J].金属学报,2009,45(8):949.(Cai Z Z,Zhu M Y.Microsegregation of solute elements in solidifying mushy zone of steel and its effect on longitudinal surface cracks of continuous casting strand[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2009,45(8):949.)
[6]Ludlow V,Normanton A,Anderson A,et al.Strategy to minimize central segregation in high carbon steel grades during billet casting[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2005,32(1):68.
[7]Moore J J.Review of axial segregation in continuously cast steel[J].Iron and Steelmaker,1980,7(10):8.
[8]Miyamura K,Taguchi I,Soga H.New evaluation techniques of segregation in continuously cast steel[J].Transactions ISIJ,1984,24:883.
[9]Saeki T,Imura H,Oonishi Y,et al.Effect of bulging and solidification structure on segregation in continuously cast slab[J].Transactions ISIJ,1984,24:907.
[10]Wang H Z.Original position statistic distribution analysis(original position analysis)-A new analytical method in research and quality evaluation of materials[J].Science in China(Series B:Chemistry),2003,46(2):119.
[11]王炜,熊力,朱航宇,等.B在钢中的偏析及SS400含硼钢的重熔现象[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(12):36.(Wang W,Xiong L,Zhu H Y,et al.Segregation of B in steel and remelting phenomenon of SS400boron-containing steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2015,27(12):36.)
[12]王海舟,杨志军,陈吉文,等.金属原位分析系统[J].中国冶金,2002,17(6):20.(Wang H Z,Yang Z J,Chen J W,et al.The system of original position analysis for metals[J].China Metallurgy,2002,17(6):20.)
[13]王海舟.面向新世纪的冶金材料分析[J].理化检验:化学分册,2001,37(1):1(Wang H Z.On the trends of metallurgical analysis in the new century[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis:Chemical Analysis,2001,37(1):1.)
[14]Flemings M C.Our understanding of macrosegregation:past and present[J].ISIJ International,2000,40(40):833.
[15]Trivedi R,Kurz W.Dendritic growth[J].International Materials Reviews,1994,39(2):49.
[16]杨武,顾濬祥,黎樵燊,等.金属的局部腐蚀[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1995.(Yang W,Gu J X,Li J S,et al.Local Corrosion in Metals[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1995.)
[17]孙晓林,郭汉杰,陈希春,等.电渣重熔H13钢中一次碳化物形成机制[J].钢铁,2014,49(5):68.(Sun X L,Guo H J,Chen X C,et al.Formation mechanism of primary carbide in H13steel during electroslag remelting process[J].Iron and Steel,2014,49(5):68.)
[18]屈少鹏,程柏璋,董丽华,等.2205钢在模拟深海热液区中的腐蚀行为[J].金属学报,2018,54(8):1094.(Qu S P,Cheng B Z,Dong L H,et al.Corrosion behavior of2205steel in simulated hydrothermal area[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2018,54(8):1094.)
[19]王秀芳.浅谈GB/T 226《钢的低倍组织及缺陷酸蚀检验法》新旧版本的差异[J].理化检验:物理分册,2015,51(3):188.(Wang X F.Discussion on differences between the new and old edition standard of GB/T 226“test method for macrostructure and defect of steel by etching”[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part A:Physical Testing,2015,51(3):188.)
[20]袁辛芳,孙时秋.GB/T 1979-2001结构钢低倍组织缺陷评级图介绍[J].冶金标准化与质量,2002(6):8.(Yuan X F,Sun S Q.Introduce the standard figure of GB/T1979-2001structure steel macrostructure and defect[J].Metallurgy Standardization and Quality,2002(6):8.)
[21]母国光,战元龄.光学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.(Mu G G,Zhan Y L.Photology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009.)
[22]卢坚东,周源华.由深度和灰度重建三维物体表面的新方法[J].上海交通大学学报,1991,35(6):15.(Lu J D,Zhou Y H.A new method for reconstructing 3-Dsurface from ranges and intensities[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1991,35(6):15.)
[23]侯自兵,曹江海,常毅,等.基于分形维数的模具钢电渣重熔铸坯碳偏析形貌特征研究[J].金属学报,2017,53(7):769.(Hou Z B,Cao J H,Chang Y,et al.Morphology characteristics of carbon segregation in die steel billet by ESRbased on fractal dimension[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2017,53(7):769.)
[24]Beckermann C.Modelling of macrosegregaiton:applications and future needs[J].International Materials Reviews,2002,47(5):243.
[25]张永权.大型钢锭定向凝固技术的发展[J].钢铁研究学报,1995,17(4):83.(Zhang Y Q.Development of directional solidification technology for large steel ingots[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,1995,17(4):83.)
[26]傅杰.第二代电渣冶金技术与重大装备制造[J].材料与冶金学报,2011,10(S1):8.(Fu J.The second generation of electroslag metallurgy technology and major equipment manufacturing[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2011,10(S1):8.)
[27]李青,王资兴,谢树元.电渣重熔全过程的数学模型开发及过程模拟研究[J].金属学报,2017,53(4):494.(Li Q,Wang Z X,Xie S Y.Research on the development of mathematical model of the whole process of electroslag remelting and the process simulation[J].Acta Metallurgical Sinica,2017,53(4):494.)