武汉市道路尘埃污染中磁学指标与重金属含量对比
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摘要
对武汉市不同功能区的道路尘埃进行环境磁学和化学分析的综合研究.结果显示:尘埃中的磁性矿物含量在空间分布上具有较大的差异,平均磁化率为工业区(7.36×10~(-6)m~3/kg)>交通沿线(5.38×10~(-6)m~3/kg)>商业区(3.76×10~(-6)m~3/kg)>开发区(2.26×10~(-6)m~3/kg)和风景区(2.48×10~(-6)m~3/kg).工业活动和交通因素是造成区域尘埃中磁性矿物含量升高的主要原因,地理位置和人口密度对尘埃中磁性矿物的含量也有一定的影响.岩石磁学研究结果表明:尘埃中的磁性载体以亚铁磁性矿物为主,部分样品中含有不完整反铁磁性矿物.扫描电镜和能谱分析显示:人类活动产生的磁性颗粒(铁的氧化物和铁的硅铝酸盐)一般呈球形,自然成土过程中形成的不规则状磁性颗粒(磁赤铁矿).污染负荷指数与磁化率(R~2=0.870)、饱和等温剩磁(R~2=0.665)等表征磁性矿物含量的参数呈显著正相关.因此,尘埃的磁学参数可以作为重金属含量的参考指标.
A systematic study of street dust in Wuhan city, china, was carried out using combined environmental magnetism and geochemistry techniques. Magnetic measurement showed that magnetic minerals of street dust have distinct differences in spatial distribution pattern and overall values of magnetic susceptibility in the following sequence: industrial area(χ=7.36×10~(-6)m~3/kg)> traffic route(χ=5.38×10~(-6)m~3/kg)> business district(χ=3.76×10~(-6)m~3/kg)> development(χ=2.26×10~(-6)m~3/kg) and scenic areas(χ=2.48×10~(-6)m~3/kg). The results indicated that the content of magnetic minerals in the street dust mainly attributed to the industrial production and transportation factors, while the distribution of population density also had definite influence on the content of magnetic minerals. Rock magnetic measurements demonstrated that dominant magnetic components were ferrimagnetic minerals, as well as antiferromagnetic minerals. SEM/EDX analysis revealed that there were some spherical Fe-containing particles from anthropogenic activity, which was different from pedogenic ferromagnetic minerals in nature soil. The PLI showed significant correlation with the mean value of χ(R~2=0.870) and SIRM(R~2=0.665), which meant magnetism parameters of street dust could be seen as an indicator of heavy metals pollution.
A systematic study of street dust in Wuhan city, china, was carried out using combined environmental magnetism and geochemistry techniques. Magnetic measurement showed that magnetic minerals of street dust have distinct differences in spatial distribution pattern and overall values of magnetic susceptibility in the following sequence: industrial area(χ=7.36×10~(-6)m~3/kg)> traffic route(χ=5.38×10~(-6)m~3/kg)> business district(χ=3.76×10~(-6)m~3/kg)> development(χ=2.26×10~(-6)m~3/kg) and scenic areas(χ=2.48×10~(-6)m~3/kg). The results indicated that the content of magnetic minerals in the street dust mainly attributed to the industrial production and transportation factors, while the distribution of population density also had definite influence on the content of magnetic minerals. Rock magnetic measurements demonstrated that dominant magnetic components were ferrimagnetic minerals, as well as antiferromagnetic minerals. SEM/EDX analysis revealed that there were some spherical Fe-containing particles from anthropogenic activity, which was different from pedogenic ferromagnetic minerals in nature soil. The PLI showed significant correlation with the mean value of χ(R~2=0.870) and SIRM(R~2=0.665), which meant magnetism parameters of street dust could be seen as an indicator of heavy metals pollution.
引文
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[26]乔庆庆,张春霞,李静,等.北京市朝阳区大气降尘磁学特征及对空气污染物浓度的指示[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):151-162.
[27]邓成龙,朱日祥,袁宝印.黄土高原全新世风成沉积的岩石磁学性质及其古气候意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(4):37-46+66.
[28]Day R,Fuller M,Schmidt V A.Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites:Grain-size and compositional dependence[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1977,13(4):260-267.
[29]Angulo E.The Tomlinson Pollution Load Index applied to heavy metal,‘Mussel-Watch’data:a useful index to assess coastal pollution[J].Science of The Total Environment,1996,187(1):19-56.
[30]赵永椿,张军营,魏凤,等.燃煤飞灰中磁珠的显微结构特征观察[J].电子显微学报,2005,24(5):474-478.
[31]杨涛.武汉市东湖地区城市化过程环境磁学响应研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2008.
[32]李海侠.武汉市东湖周边道路尘埃的磁性结构特征及其环境意义[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2003.
[33]Li X,Poon C-s,Liu P S.Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong[J].Applied Geochemistry,2001,16(11/12):1361-1368.
[34]Jordanova D,Jordanova N,Petrov P.Magnetic susceptibility of road deposited sediments at a national scale--relation to population size and urban pollution[J].Environmental pollution,2014,189(12):239-251.
[35]郭利成,陈秀玲,贾丽敏.福州市公园灰尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(5):775-785.
[2]Adachi K,Tainosho Y.Single particle characterization of size-fractionated road sediments[J].Applied Geochemistry,2005,20(5):849-859.
[3]Chen X,Xia X,Zhao Y,et al.Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1–3):640-646.
[4]Sutherland R A,Tolosa C A.Multi-element analysis of roaddeposited sediment in an urban drainage basin,Honolulu,Hawaii[J].Environmental pollution,2000,110(3):483-495.
[5]Goddu S R,Appel E,Jordanova D,et al.Magnetic properties of road dust from Visakhapatnam(India)––relationship to industrial pollution and road traffic[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,2004,29(13/14):985-995.
[6]Shi M,Wu H,Zhang S,et al.Weekly cycle of magnetic characteristics of the daily PM2.5and PM2.5–10in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,98(12):357-367.
[7]Xia D S,Chen F H,Bloemendal J,et al.Magnetic properties of urban dustfall in Lanzhou,China,and its environmental implications[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(9):2198-2207.
[8]胡守云,王苏民,Appel E,等.呼伦湖湖泊沉积物磁化率变化的环境磁学机制[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1998,28(4):334-339.
[9]许淑婧,夏敦胜,春喜,等.呼和浩特市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(4):1004-1011.
[10]闫倩,戴霜,刘海娇,等.兰州某钢厂附近土壤磁化率特征及其环境意义[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(10):1732-1737.
[11]郑妍,张世红.北京市区尘土与表土的磁学性质及其环境意义[J].科学通报,2007,52(20):2399-2406.
[12]李鹏,强小科,唐艳荣,等.西安市街道灰尘磁化率特征及其污染指示意义[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3):309-314.
[13]李鹏,强小科,徐新文,等.西安市道路灰尘磁学特征及其对环境的响应[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):156-163.
[14]王冠.兰州市街道尘埃磁性特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[15]李法云,巴晓博,廖磊,等.城市街道灰尘与大气细颗粒物(PM2..5)元素组成特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(5):93-98.
[16]沈明洁,胡守云,U.Blaha,等.北京东郊722土壤垂向剖面重金属污染的磁学响应及其统计意义[J].地球科学,2006,31(3):399-404.
[17]李永涛,顾延生,曲赞,等.武昌地区街道尘埃磁学特征及其对环境污染的指示意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(2):499-506+13.
[18]卢升高,白世强.杭州城区土壤的磁性与磁性矿物学及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):762-769.
[19]Yang T,Liu Q,Zeng Q,et al.Relationship between magnetic properties and heavy metals of urban soils with different soil types and environmental settings:implications for magnetic mapping[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(2):409-420.
[20]李永涛,曲赞.武汉东湖(官桥湖)沉积剖面的垂向磁性特征及其对环境污染的响应[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):226-232.
[21]李永涛,顾延生,曲赞.武汉天兴洲近代沉积物的磁性特征及其环境意义[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2011,36(4):779-788.
[22]琚宜太,王少怀,张庆鹏,等.福建三明地区被污染土壤的磁学性质及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):282-288.
[23]Zhang C,Qiao Q,Appel E,et al.Discriminating sources of anthropogenic heavy metals in urban street dusts using magnetic and chemical methods[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2012,119–120(6):60-75.
[24]Radhakrishnamurty C,Likhite S D.Hopkinson effect,blocking temperature and Curie point in basalts[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1970,7(5):389-396.
[25]丰华,刘秀铭,吕镔,等.兰州市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):36-44.
[26]乔庆庆,张春霞,李静,等.北京市朝阳区大气降尘磁学特征及对空气污染物浓度的指示[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):151-162.
[27]邓成龙,朱日祥,袁宝印.黄土高原全新世风成沉积的岩石磁学性质及其古气候意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(4):37-46+66.
[28]Day R,Fuller M,Schmidt V A.Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites:Grain-size and compositional dependence[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1977,13(4):260-267.
[29]Angulo E.The Tomlinson Pollution Load Index applied to heavy metal,‘Mussel-Watch’data:a useful index to assess coastal pollution[J].Science of The Total Environment,1996,187(1):19-56.
[30]赵永椿,张军营,魏凤,等.燃煤飞灰中磁珠的显微结构特征观察[J].电子显微学报,2005,24(5):474-478.
[31]杨涛.武汉市东湖地区城市化过程环境磁学响应研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2008.
[32]李海侠.武汉市东湖周边道路尘埃的磁性结构特征及其环境意义[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2003.
[33]Li X,Poon C-s,Liu P S.Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong[J].Applied Geochemistry,2001,16(11/12):1361-1368.
[34]Jordanova D,Jordanova N,Petrov P.Magnetic susceptibility of road deposited sediments at a national scale--relation to population size and urban pollution[J].Environmental pollution,2014,189(12):239-251.
[35]郭利成,陈秀玲,贾丽敏.福州市公园灰尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(5):775-785.