南京市树叶附尘对大气重金属污染的磁学响应
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摘要
在南京10个国家空气质量监测站点附近采集桂花、樟树和雪松树叶,测试其磁性参数和重金属含量,分析监测站大气颗粒物浓度、树叶重金属与磁性参数的相互关系.结果表明:3种树叶中重金属含量较高的是Fe、Mn、Cu和Pb,As、Cd和Sb较低.Pb、Cu和Sb在交通密集区含量较高;Ni、Cd和Mn在工业区含量较高;V、Cr和Fe在靠近建筑工地的地区含量较高.V、Fe、As、Pb、Sb和Cr与树叶附尘中磁性矿物具有相似来源.对比3种树叶,雪松更易富集颗粒物,其磁性参数和重金属含量均较高,同时,雪松树叶附尘中大部分重金属含量与其磁性参数的相关性较高;而桂花树叶的SIRM值与监测站大气颗粒物浓度高低具有较好一致性.常绿树叶的磁性参数有潜力用来评估城市大气污染.
Samples of dust-loaded leaves of Osmanthus, Camphor and ceder were collected around ten air quality monitoring stations in Nanjing. The magnetic parameters and heavy metal contents of leaf samples were measured. The correlations were analyzed between magnetic parameters of leaves and concentrations of airborne particulate matter obtained by the air quality monitoring stations, as well as heavy metal contents of leaves. Results showed that the contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb in three kinds of leaves were all higher, whereas the contents of As, Cd and Sb were relatively lower. Contents of Pb, Cu and Sb were higher in traffic concentrated areas, whereas the contents of Ni, Cd and Mn were higher in industrial areas. Contents of V, Cr and Fe were enhanced in areas close to urban construction areas. Elements including V, Fe, As, Pb, Sb and Cr shared the similar sources with magnetic minerals on dust-loaded leaves. Among the three kinds of trees, ceder leaves enriched particulate matter more easily, resulting in higher magnetic parameter values and heavy metal contents of leaf samples. The Pearson's coefficients between most heavy metal contents and magnetic parameters of leaves were also higher for ceder than Osmanthus and Camphor. Meanwhile, good consistency was found between SIRM values of Osmanthus leaves and the airborne particulate matter concentrations at the 10 sampling sites. The magnetic parameters of dust-loaded leaves of evergreen trees have the potential to be used for evaluating urban air pollution.
Samples of dust-loaded leaves of Osmanthus, Camphor and ceder were collected around ten air quality monitoring stations in Nanjing. The magnetic parameters and heavy metal contents of leaf samples were measured. The correlations were analyzed between magnetic parameters of leaves and concentrations of airborne particulate matter obtained by the air quality monitoring stations, as well as heavy metal contents of leaves. Results showed that the contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb in three kinds of leaves were all higher, whereas the contents of As, Cd and Sb were relatively lower. Contents of Pb, Cu and Sb were higher in traffic concentrated areas, whereas the contents of Ni, Cd and Mn were higher in industrial areas. Contents of V, Cr and Fe were enhanced in areas close to urban construction areas. Elements including V, Fe, As, Pb, Sb and Cr shared the similar sources with magnetic minerals on dust-loaded leaves. Among the three kinds of trees, ceder leaves enriched particulate matter more easily, resulting in higher magnetic parameter values and heavy metal contents of leaf samples. The Pearson's coefficients between most heavy metal contents and magnetic parameters of leaves were also higher for ceder than Osmanthus and Camphor. Meanwhile, good consistency was found between SIRM values of Osmanthus leaves and the airborne particulate matter concentrations at the 10 sampling sites. The magnetic parameters of dust-loaded leaves of evergreen trees have the potential to be used for evaluating urban air pollution.
引文
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[2]Kardel F,Wuyts K,Maher B A,et al.Intra-urban spatial variation of magnetic particles:Monitoring via leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation(SIRM)[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,55:111-120.
[3]Hofman J,Wuyts K,Van Wittenberghe S,et al.On the link between biomagnetic monitoring and leaf-deposited dust load of urban trees:Relationships and spatial variability of different particle size fractions[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,189:63-72.
[4]胡守云,段雪梅,沈明洁,等.北京首钢工业区大气重金属污染树叶的磁学响应[J].科学通报,2008,53(4):437-445.
[5]许淑婧,夏敦胜,春喜,等.呼和浩特市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(4):1004-1011.
[6]曹丽婉,胡守云,Appel Erwin,等.临汾市树叶磁性的时空变化特征及其对大气重金属污染的指示[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(5):1729-1742.
[7]庄树宏,王克明.城市大气重金属(Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn)污染及其在植物中的富积[J].烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版),2000,13(1):31-37.
[8]王爱霞,张敏,方炎明,等.树叶中重金属含量及其指示大气污染的研究[J].林业科技开发,2008,22(4):38-41.
[9]刘春华,岑况.北京市街道灰尘的化学成分及其可能来源[J].环境科学学报,2007,7(7):1181-1188.
[10]谭吉华,段菁春.中国大气颗粒物重金属污染、来源及控制建议[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2013,30(2):145-155.
[11]Li H,Wang Q,Shao M,et al.Fractionation of airborne particulate-bound elements in haze-fog episode and associated health risks in a megacity of southeast China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,208:655-662.
[12]俞立中,许羽,张卫国.湖泊沉积物的矿物磁性测量及其环境应用[J].地球物理学进展,1995,10(1):11-22.
[13]张春霞,黄宝春.环境磁学在城市环境污染监测中的应用和进展[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):705-711.
[14]刘飞,褚慧敏,郑祥民.上海市公园绿地树叶对大气重金属污染的磁学响应[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4374-4380.
[15]隆茜,周菊珍,孟颉,等.城市道路绿化带不同植物叶片附尘对大气污染的磁学响应[J].环境科学,2012,33(12):4188-4193.
[16]胡守云,段雪梅,沈明洁,等.北京首钢工业区大气重金属污染树叶的磁学响应[J].科学通报,2008,53(4):437-445.
[17]Rai P K,Chutia B M,Patil S K.Monitoring of spatial variations of particulate matter(PM)pollution through bio-magnetic aspects of roadside plant leaves in an Indo-Burma hot spot region[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2014,13(4):761-770.
[18]Rodríguez-Germade I,Mohamed K J,Rey D,et al.The influence of weather and climate on the reliability of magnetic properties of tree leaves as proxies for air pollution monitoring[J].Science of The Total Environment,2014,468-469:892-902.
[19]孙知明,胡守云,马醒华.现代湖泊沉积物中磁性矿物的研究及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报,1996,(2):178-187.
[20]Tian H,Cheng K,Wang Y,et al.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of atmospheric emissions of Cd,Cr,and Pb from coal in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,50:157-163.
[21]Tian H Z,Wang Y,Xue Z G,et al.Trend and characteristics of atmospheric emissions of Hg,As,and Se from coal combustion in China,1980~2007[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(23):11905-11919.
[22]Lin C,Chen S,Huang K,et al.Characteristics of Metals in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Particles Collected Beside a Heavily Trafficked Road[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(21):8113-8122.
[23]Fumo Y,Kebin H,Yongliang M,et al.Characteristics and sources of trace elements in ambient PM2.5 in Beijing[J].Encvironmental Science,2003,24(6):33-37.
[24]Li Q,Cheng H,Zhou T,et al.The estimated atmospheric lead emissions in China,1990~2009[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,60:1-8.
[25]Xia L,Gao Y.Characterization of trace elements in PM2.5aerosols in the vicinity of highways in northeast New Jersey in the U.S.east coast[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2011,2(1):34-44.
[26]Aucélio R Q,de Souza R M,de Campos R C,et al.The determination of trace metals in lubricating oils by atomic spectrometry[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2007,62(9):952-961.
[27]Harrison R M,Tilling R,Callén Romero M S,et al.A study of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the roadside environment[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(17):2391-2402.
[28]Querol X,Zhuang X,Alastuey A,et al.Speciation and sources of atmospheric aerosols in a highly industrialised emerging mega-city in Central China[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem.,2006,8(10):1049-1059.