不同喂奶方案对犊牛生长发育及健康状况的影响
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摘要
为了揭示犊牛的生长发育规律,为犊牛生长制定良好的喂奶方案,本研究以27头荷斯坦公犊为研究对象,根据日龄和日喂奶量,采用三种喂奶方式,收集测定生长性能指标及健康指标。结果表明:不同喂奶方案对犊牛开食料采食量、100日龄料重比、体尺指数(体高、体斜长、胸围、管围)、器官指数(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲喂二组能够显著提高100日龄犊牛平均日增重,并有效降低腹泻率(P<0.05);就经济效益而言,相比对照组,饲喂二组每增加1 kg犊牛体重平均成本低0.61元,远高于饲喂一组(成本降低0.08元)(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同喂奶方案影响犊牛的生长性能和牧场成本效益,本试验中Group C应用效果最佳。
In order to explore the regularity of the growth and development of the calves, this experiment was conducted to establish the best milk-feeding program by collecting the parameters of the growth performance and health of 27 Holstein bull calves using three milk-feeding programs. According to the results, the feed intake, the ratio of feed to body weight gain, body measurements and the organ indexes were not affected by different milk-feeding programs(P>0.05). The average daily weight gain of 100-day-old calves was significant increased and the diarrhea ratio was decreased in Group C(P<0.05). In term of the cost and benefit, the average cost for 1 kg weight gain was decreased by 0.61 yuan in Group C compared with the Control group, higher than 0.08 yuan in Group B. Above all, the milk-feeding program could affect the growth performance and the cost and benefit of the farm, and the best program was Group C in this experiment.
In order to explore the regularity of the growth and development of the calves, this experiment was conducted to establish the best milk-feeding program by collecting the parameters of the growth performance and health of 27 Holstein bull calves using three milk-feeding programs. According to the results, the feed intake, the ratio of feed to body weight gain, body measurements and the organ indexes were not affected by different milk-feeding programs(P>0.05). The average daily weight gain of 100-day-old calves was significant increased and the diarrhea ratio was decreased in Group C(P<0.05). In term of the cost and benefit, the average cost for 1 kg weight gain was decreased by 0.61 yuan in Group C compared with the Control group, higher than 0.08 yuan in Group B. Above all, the milk-feeding program could affect the growth performance and the cost and benefit of the farm, and the best program was Group C in this experiment.
引文
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[10] 郭敏增,郑成江,宋桂敏,等.代乳粉代替鲜牛奶对早期断奶犊牛生长及健康状况的影响[J].中国奶牛,2011(22):9-11.
[11] 刘景喜,潘振亮,陈龙宾,等.2阶段代乳粉对早期断奶犊牛生长发育的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(6):46-48.
[12] 周磊,张巧娥,刘云翔,等.限量饲喂和自由采食酸化奶对犊牛生长发育和经济效益的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(12):58-62.
[13] 韩霞.不同日龄断奶对犊牛生长发育的影响观测研究[J].中国牛业科学,2016,42(6):45-47.
[2] Khan M A,Lee H J,Lee W S,et al.Structural growth,rumen development,and metabolic and immune responses of Holstein male calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90:3376-3387.
[3] Khan M A,Lee H J,Lee W S,et al.Pre- and postweaning performance of Holstein female calves fed milk through step-down and conventional Methods[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90:876-885.
[4] Leibholz J.Ground roughage in the diet of the early-weaned calf[J].Animal Production,2010,20:93-100.
[5] Owens F N,Dubeski P,Hanson C F.Factors that alter the growth and development of ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,1993,71:3138-3150.
[6] 陈佳力,陈代文,余冰,等.苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数和胃肠道内容pH的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):238-246.
[7] Webster A J F.Energy costs of digestion and metabolism in the gut[C].Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology,3-7 September,Clermont-Ferrand,France,1980:469-484.
[8] Johnson D E,Johnson K A,Baldwin R L.Changes in liver and gastrointestinal tract energy demands in response to physiological workload in ruminants[J].Journal of Nutrition,1990,120:649-655.
[9] 桂林生,昝林森,梁大勇,等.不同饲养水平对荷斯坦公牛网胃和瓣胃器官发育及组织形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(5):792-797.
[10] 郭敏增,郑成江,宋桂敏,等.代乳粉代替鲜牛奶对早期断奶犊牛生长及健康状况的影响[J].中国奶牛,2011(22):9-11.
[11] 刘景喜,潘振亮,陈龙宾,等.2阶段代乳粉对早期断奶犊牛生长发育的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(6):46-48.
[12] 周磊,张巧娥,刘云翔,等.限量饲喂和自由采食酸化奶对犊牛生长发育和经济效益的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(12):58-62.
[13] 韩霞.不同日龄断奶对犊牛生长发育的影响观测研究[J].中国牛业科学,2016,42(6):45-47.