集雨型绿地雨水净化功能效果评估——以北京望和公园为例
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摘要
【目的】为了研究集雨型城市绿地对雨水径流中污染物的净化效果,选择望和公园作为研究对象,监测城市绿地降雨径流污染特征。【方法】采用"前密后疏"的方式对采样点雨水进行采样,并按照国家水质分析标准对水样进行水质指标测定与分析。【结果】结果表明:绿地各项主要污染物浓度最大峰值出现滞后于径流量峰值,而对照点的污染物浓度的峰值出现在降雨初期,各项指标监测浓度的峰值出现提前于径流量峰值;城市绿地降雨径流的主要污染物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_3-N)和化学需氧量(COD),其场次降雨污染物平均浓度(EMC)平均值分别为4.10、0.33、0.69、28.78mg/L。【结论】通过试验证明,集雨型绿地对雨水径流中的污染物有很好的滞留效果,在三场次降雨中,集雨型绿地对TN、NH_3-N及COD的平均消减率分别为18.88%,63.75%和8.83%。
【Objective】In order to evaluate purification effect of rainwater harvesting urban green space on urban rainfall-runoff pollution,in this study Beijing Wanghe park was taken as the research object,to investigate the characteristics of rainfallrunoff pollution.【Method】The rainwater of sampling sites was collected by the way of‘first dense and then sparse',and the water quality indexes were measured and analyzed based on national water quality analysis standard.【Result】The results showed that the peaks of various pollutant concentrations in green space lagged behind the peak of runoff volume.The peak of various pollutant concentrations in control site occurred in the early stage of rainfall,and the maximums of indexes appeared ahead of the runoff peak.The key pollutants of rainfall-runoff in green space were Total Nitrogen(TN),Total Phosphorous(TP),Ammonia Nitrogen(NH_3-N),and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),and the event mean concentrations(EMCs)were 4.10,0.33,0.69,and 28.78 mg/L,respectively.【Conclusion】Rainwater harvesting urban green space had a good purification effect on the pollutants in the rainfall runoff.In the three events of rainfall,the mean cutting rates of TN,NH_3-N and COD by rainwater harvesting urban green space were 18.88%,63.75%,and 8.83%,respectively.
【Objective】In order to evaluate purification effect of rainwater harvesting urban green space on urban rainfall-runoff pollution,in this study Beijing Wanghe park was taken as the research object,to investigate the characteristics of rainfallrunoff pollution.【Method】The rainwater of sampling sites was collected by the way of‘first dense and then sparse',and the water quality indexes were measured and analyzed based on national water quality analysis standard.【Result】The results showed that the peaks of various pollutant concentrations in green space lagged behind the peak of runoff volume.The peak of various pollutant concentrations in control site occurred in the early stage of rainfall,and the maximums of indexes appeared ahead of the runoff peak.The key pollutants of rainfall-runoff in green space were Total Nitrogen(TN),Total Phosphorous(TP),Ammonia Nitrogen(NH_3-N),and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),and the event mean concentrations(EMCs)were 4.10,0.33,0.69,and 28.78 mg/L,respectively.【Conclusion】Rainwater harvesting urban green space had a good purification effect on the pollutants in the rainfall runoff.In the three events of rainfall,the mean cutting rates of TN,NH_3-N and COD by rainwater harvesting urban green space were 18.88%,63.75%,and 8.83%,respectively.
引文
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[20]黄金良,杜鹏飞,欧志丹,李梅香,赵冬泉,何万谦,王志石.澳门城市路面地表径流特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(4):469-473
[21]Collins K A,Lawrence T J,Stander E K,Robert J Jontos,Sujay S Kaushal,Tamara A Newcomer,Nancy B Grimm,Marci L Cole Ekberg.Opportunities and challenges for managing nitrogen in urban stormwater:A review and synthesis[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(11):1507-1519
[22]Lucas W C.Design of integrated bioinfiltration-detention urban retrofits with design storm and continuous simulation methods[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2010,15(6):486-498
[23]殷利华,赵寒雪.雨水花园构造及填料去污性能研究综述[J].中国园林,2017(5):106-111
[2]Shougagn Tian.Effect analysis on rainwater conservation benefit of concave herbaceous field in Jinan City[J].Advances in Environmental Technologies,2013(726/727/728/729/730/731):3685-3689
[3]Prince George's County.Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Stormwater Management[M].Landover,MD:Prince George's County(MD)Government,Department of Environmental Protection[M].Watershed Protection Branch,1993
[4]叶水根,刘红,孟光辉.设计暴雨条件下下凹式绿地的雨水蓄渗效果[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(6):53-58
[5]王和意,刘敏,刘巧梅,侯立军,欧冬妮.城市暴雨径流初始冲刷效应和径流污染管理[J].水科学进展,2006,17(2):181-185
[6]李立青,尹澄清,何庆慈,孔玲莉.城市降雨径流的污染源与排放特征研究进展[J].水科学进展,2006,17(2):288-294
[7]马姗姗,庄宝玉,张新波,彭森.绿色屋顶与下凹式绿地串联对洪峰的消减效应分析[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(3):101-105
[8]张金龙,张志政.下凹式绿地蓄渗能力及其影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2012(1):44-47
[9]黄金良,杜鹏飞,欧志丹,李梅香,赵冬泉,何万谦,王志石.澳门屋面径流特征初步研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(7):1076-1081
[10]王闪,张立秋.下凹式绿地对模拟道路径流中磷削减效果研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(9):119-122
[11]丁纪闽,杨珏,黄利群,李灵军.北方城市下凹式绿地植物选择与配置模式[J].防汛与抗旱,2010,17:20-22
[12]陈祎璠.下凹式绿地对降雨径流中氮素污染物削减作用的研究[A]//中国城市科学研究会、中国城镇供水排水协会、广西壮族自治区住房和城乡建设厅、南宁市人民政府.第九届中国城镇水务发展国际研讨会论文集[C].中国城市科学研究会、中国城镇供水排水协会、广西壮族自治区住房和城乡建设厅、南宁市人民政府,2014
[13]徐心竹,李希,王闪,李敏,姜洁,孙德智.下凹式绿地对模拟城市降雨径流中COD的消减效果研究[A].//韩庆祥.第九届中国城镇水务发展国际研讨会论文集[C].北京:《城镇供水》杂志社,2014:377-382
[14]张晓菊,董文艺.下凹式绿地径流污染控制与径流量消减影响因素分析[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(2):113-117
[15]中国气象局.降雨量等级[EB/OL].(2013.08.16).http://www.cma.gov.cn/2011xzt/2013zhuant/20130620_3/2013062002/201308/t20130816_223400.html
[16]程江,杨凯,黄民生,谢冰,李秀艳.下凹式绿地对城市降雨径流污染的消减效应[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):611-616
[17]涂振顺.城市绿地降雨径流污染特征及监测数据的不确定性研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009
[18]GB 3838-2002.地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:国家环境保护总局,2002
[19]赵建伟,单保庆,尹澄清.城市旅游区降雨径流污染特征---以武汉动物园为例[J].环境科学报,2006,26(7):1062-1067
[20]黄金良,杜鹏飞,欧志丹,李梅香,赵冬泉,何万谦,王志石.澳门城市路面地表径流特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(4):469-473
[21]Collins K A,Lawrence T J,Stander E K,Robert J Jontos,Sujay S Kaushal,Tamara A Newcomer,Nancy B Grimm,Marci L Cole Ekberg.Opportunities and challenges for managing nitrogen in urban stormwater:A review and synthesis[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(11):1507-1519
[22]Lucas W C.Design of integrated bioinfiltration-detention urban retrofits with design storm and continuous simulation methods[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2010,15(6):486-498
[23]殷利华,赵寒雪.雨水花园构造及填料去污性能研究综述[J].中国园林,2017(5):106-111