(微)塑料污染对土壤生态系统的影响:进展与思考
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摘要
塑料已经成为现代社会不可或缺的产品而被广泛应用,塑料污染也成了一个全球性的环境污染问题。近年来,土壤塑料污染的问题也开始受到关注。本文针对近几年来国内外关于塑料污染对土壤生态系统的影响进行综述,主要包括以下几个方面:(1)微塑料对土壤物理化学性质的影响;(2)微塑料对土壤微生物群落的影响;(3)微塑料与土壤动物的相互作用。最后,本文对未来关于土壤微塑料研究的重点方向进行了展望。
Plastics and their derived products are widely used in modern society, hence they are becoming indispensable. However, their wide and intensive use has caused global environmental contamination of plastics. In recent years, soil pollution with microplastics has also received increasing attention. This paper aims to provide a review on recent developments in understanding the impacts of microplastic pollution on soil ecosystem, and it will cover:(1)effects of microplastics on soil physiochemical properties;(2)effects of microplastics on soil microbial communities; and(3)the interactions between microplastics and soil fauna. Finally, future research directions are discussed.
Plastics and their derived products are widely used in modern society, hence they are becoming indispensable. However, their wide and intensive use has caused global environmental contamination of plastics. In recent years, soil pollution with microplastics has also received increasing attention. This paper aims to provide a review on recent developments in understanding the impacts of microplastic pollution on soil ecosystem, and it will cover:(1)effects of microplastics on soil physiochemical properties;(2)effects of microplastics on soil microbial communities; and(3)the interactions between microplastics and soil fauna. Finally, future research directions are discussed.
引文
[1] PlasticsEurope. Annual review[Z]. Brussels.2017-2018.
[2] PlasticsEurope. Plastics:The facts[Z]. Brussels.2016.
[3] Geyer R, Jambeck J R, Law K L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made[J]. Science Advances, 2017, 3(7):e1700782.
[4] Wagner M, Scherer C, Alvarez-Mu?oz D, et al. Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems:What we know and what we need to know[J]. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014, 26(1):12.
[5] Dris R, Gasperi J, Mirande C, et al. A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 221:453-458.
[6] Ellen-Macarthur-Foundation. The new plastics economy:Rethinking the future of plastics[J].World Economic Forum, 2016.
[7] Rochman C M, Browne M A, Underwood A J, et al. The ecological impacts of marine debris:Unraveling the demonstrated evidence from what is perceived[J]. Ecology, 2016, 97(2):302-312.
[8] Jambeck J R, Geyer R, Wilcox C, et al. Marine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean[J]. Science, 2015, 347(6223):768-771.
[9] Law K L, Thompson R C. Oceans. Microplastics in the seas[J]. Science,2014, 345(6193):144-145.
[10] Nizzetto L, Futter M, Langaas S. Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics of urban origin[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016, 50(20):10777-10779.
[11] Sussarellu R, Suquet M, Thomas Y, et al. Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016,113(9):2430-2435.
[12] Rillig M C. Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2012, 46(46):6453-6454.
[13] Liu E K, He W Q, Yan C R.‘White revolution’to‘white pollution’:Agricultural plastic film mulch in China[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2014, 9(9):091001.
[14] Nizzetto L, Bussi G, Futter M N, et al. A theoretical assessment of microplastic transport in river catchments and their retention by soils and river sediments[J]. Environmental Science Processes&Impacts,2016, 18(8):1050-1059.
[15] Ng E L, Lwanga E H, Eldridge S M, et al. An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 627:1377-1388.
[16] Chae Y, An Y J. Current research trends on plastic pollution and ecological impacts on the soil ecosystem:A review[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 240:387-395.
[17] Blasing M, Amelung W. Plastics in soil:Analytical methods and possible sources[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 612:422-435.
[18] Liu M T, Lu S B, Song Y, et al. Microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in farmland soils in suburbs of Shanghai, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 242:855-862.
[19] Zhang G S, Liu Y F. The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate fractions in southwestern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018, 642:12-20.
[20] Zubris K A V, Richards B K. Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2005, 138(2):201-211.
[21] Fuller S, Gautam A. A procedure for measuring microplastics using pressurized fluid extraction[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, 50(11):5774-5780.
[22] Horton A A, Walton A, Spurgeon D J, et al. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments:Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 586:127-141.
[23] Teuten E L, Saquing J M, Knappe D R U, et al. Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2009, 364(1526):2027-2045.
[24] de Souza Mochado A A, Kloas W, Zarfl C, et al. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Global Change Biology,2018, 24(4):1405-1416.
[25] Hodson M E, Duffus-Hodson C A, Clark A, et al. Plastic bag derived microplastics as a vector for metal exposure in terrestrial invertebrates[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 51(8):4714-4721.
[26] Nicole B, Verena W, Volker W, et al. Contaminant release from aged microplastic[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2017, 14(6):394-405.
[27] Turner A, Holmes L A. Adsorption of trace metals by microplastic pellets in fresh water[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015, 12(5):600-610.
[28] Kim D, Chae Y, An Y J. Mixture toxicity of nickel and microplastics with different functional groups on Daphnia magna[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 51(21):12852-12858.
[29] Heskett M, Takada H, Yamashita R, et al. Measurement of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in plastic resin pellets from remote islands:Toward establishment of background concentrations for International Pellet Watch[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 64(2):445-448.
[30] Hüffer T,Hofmann T.Sorption of non-polar organic compounds by micro-sized plastic particles in aqueous solution[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 214:194-201.
[31] Sven S, Peter G, Jonas L, et al. A combined experimental and modeling study to evaluate pH-dependent sorption of polar and non-polar compounds to polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics[J]. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2018, 30:30.
[32] Zhang H B, Wang J Q, Zhou B Y, et al. Enhanced adsorption of oxytetracycline to weathered microplastic polystyrene:Kinetics, isotherms and influencing factors[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 243:1550-1557.
[33] Zettler E R,Mincer T J,Amaralzettler L A. Life in the“plastisphere”microbial communities on plastic marine debris[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2013, 47(13):7137-7146.
[34] Harrison J P, Schratzberger M, Sapp M, et al. Rapid bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms[J]. BMC Microbiology, 2014, 14(1):1-15.
[35] Oberbeckmann S, Kreikemeyer B, Labrenz M. Environmental factors support the formation of specific bacterial assemblages on microplastics[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017, 8:2709.
[36] Jin X, Filley T R. Enhanced conversion of newly-added maize straw to soil microbial biomass C under plastic film mulching and organic manure management[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 313:154-162.
[37] Sun M, Ye M, Jiao W, et al. Changes in tetracycline partitioning and bacteria/phage-comediated ARGs in microplastic-contaminated greenhouse soil facilitated by sophorolipid[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 345:131-139.
[38] Qian H, Zhang M, Liu G, et al. Effects of soil residual plastic film on soil microbial community structure and fertility[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution, 2018, 229(8):261.
[39] Kong X, Jin D, Jin S, et al. Responses of bacterial community to dibutyl phthalate(DBP)pollution in a soil-vegetable ecosystem[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018, 353:142-150.
[40] Wang Z G, You Y M, Xu W H, et al. Dimethyl phthalate altered the microbial metabolic pathways in a Mollisol[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2018, 69(3):439-449.
[41] Huerta Lwanga E, Gertsen H, Gooren H, et al. Microplastics in the terrestrial ecosystem:Implications for Lumbricus terrestris(Oligochaeta,Lumbricidae)[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2016, 50(5):2685-2691.
[42] Cao D, Wang X, Luo X, et al. Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the fitness of earthworms in an agricultural soil[C]. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science, 2017:012148.
[43] Rodriguez-Seijo A, Lourenco J, Rocha-Santos, et al. Histopathological and molecular effects of microplastics in Eisenia andrei Bouché[J].Environmental Pollution, 2017, 220:495-503.
[44] Rillig M C, Bonkowski M. Microplastic and soil protists:A call for research[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 241:1128-1131.
[45] Zhu D, Chen Q L, An X L, et al. Exposure of soil collembolans to microplastics perturbs their gut microbiota and alters their isotopic composition[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2018, 116:302-310.
[46] Zhu B K, Fang Y M, Zhu D, et al. Exposure to nanoplastics disturbs the gut microbiome in the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus[J].Environmental Pollution, 2018, 239:408-415.
[47] Le L L, Liu M T, Song Y, et al. Polystyrene(nano)microplastics cause size-dependent neurotoxicity, oxidative damage and other adverse effects in Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Environmental Science-Nano,2018, 5(8):2009-2020.
[48] Lei L, Wu S, Lu S, et al. Microplastic particles cause intestinal damage and other adverse effects in zebrafish Danio rerio and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,619/620:1-8.
[49] Lwanga E H, Vega J M, Quej V K, et al. Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain[J]. Scientific Reports,2017. Doi:10.1038/S41598-017-14588-2.
[50] Hodson M E, Duffus-Hodson C A, Clark A, et al. Plastic bag derivedmicroplastics as a vector for metal exposure in terrestrial invertebrates[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 51(8):4714-4721.
[51] Rillig M C, Ziersch L, Hempel S. Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):1362.
[52] Maa?S, Daphi D, Lehmann A, et al. Transport of microplastics by two collembolan species[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 225:456-459.
[53] Zhu D, Bi Q F, Xiang Q, et al. Trophic predator-prey relationships promote transport of microplastics compared with the single Hypoaspis aculeifer and Folsomia candida[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,235:150-154.
[2] PlasticsEurope. Plastics:The facts[Z]. Brussels.2016.
[3] Geyer R, Jambeck J R, Law K L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made[J]. Science Advances, 2017, 3(7):e1700782.
[4] Wagner M, Scherer C, Alvarez-Mu?oz D, et al. Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems:What we know and what we need to know[J]. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014, 26(1):12.
[5] Dris R, Gasperi J, Mirande C, et al. A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 221:453-458.
[6] Ellen-Macarthur-Foundation. The new plastics economy:Rethinking the future of plastics[J].World Economic Forum, 2016.
[7] Rochman C M, Browne M A, Underwood A J, et al. The ecological impacts of marine debris:Unraveling the demonstrated evidence from what is perceived[J]. Ecology, 2016, 97(2):302-312.
[8] Jambeck J R, Geyer R, Wilcox C, et al. Marine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean[J]. Science, 2015, 347(6223):768-771.
[9] Law K L, Thompson R C. Oceans. Microplastics in the seas[J]. Science,2014, 345(6193):144-145.
[10] Nizzetto L, Futter M, Langaas S. Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics of urban origin[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016, 50(20):10777-10779.
[11] Sussarellu R, Suquet M, Thomas Y, et al. Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016,113(9):2430-2435.
[12] Rillig M C. Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2012, 46(46):6453-6454.
[13] Liu E K, He W Q, Yan C R.‘White revolution’to‘white pollution’:Agricultural plastic film mulch in China[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2014, 9(9):091001.
[14] Nizzetto L, Bussi G, Futter M N, et al. A theoretical assessment of microplastic transport in river catchments and their retention by soils and river sediments[J]. Environmental Science Processes&Impacts,2016, 18(8):1050-1059.
[15] Ng E L, Lwanga E H, Eldridge S M, et al. An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 627:1377-1388.
[16] Chae Y, An Y J. Current research trends on plastic pollution and ecological impacts on the soil ecosystem:A review[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 240:387-395.
[17] Blasing M, Amelung W. Plastics in soil:Analytical methods and possible sources[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 612:422-435.
[18] Liu M T, Lu S B, Song Y, et al. Microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in farmland soils in suburbs of Shanghai, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 242:855-862.
[19] Zhang G S, Liu Y F. The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate fractions in southwestern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018, 642:12-20.
[20] Zubris K A V, Richards B K. Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2005, 138(2):201-211.
[21] Fuller S, Gautam A. A procedure for measuring microplastics using pressurized fluid extraction[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, 50(11):5774-5780.
[22] Horton A A, Walton A, Spurgeon D J, et al. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments:Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 586:127-141.
[23] Teuten E L, Saquing J M, Knappe D R U, et al. Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2009, 364(1526):2027-2045.
[24] de Souza Mochado A A, Kloas W, Zarfl C, et al. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Global Change Biology,2018, 24(4):1405-1416.
[25] Hodson M E, Duffus-Hodson C A, Clark A, et al. Plastic bag derived microplastics as a vector for metal exposure in terrestrial invertebrates[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 51(8):4714-4721.
[26] Nicole B, Verena W, Volker W, et al. Contaminant release from aged microplastic[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2017, 14(6):394-405.
[27] Turner A, Holmes L A. Adsorption of trace metals by microplastic pellets in fresh water[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015, 12(5):600-610.
[28] Kim D, Chae Y, An Y J. Mixture toxicity of nickel and microplastics with different functional groups on Daphnia magna[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 51(21):12852-12858.
[29] Heskett M, Takada H, Yamashita R, et al. Measurement of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in plastic resin pellets from remote islands:Toward establishment of background concentrations for International Pellet Watch[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 64(2):445-448.
[30] Hüffer T,Hofmann T.Sorption of non-polar organic compounds by micro-sized plastic particles in aqueous solution[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 214:194-201.
[31] Sven S, Peter G, Jonas L, et al. A combined experimental and modeling study to evaluate pH-dependent sorption of polar and non-polar compounds to polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics[J]. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2018, 30:30.
[32] Zhang H B, Wang J Q, Zhou B Y, et al. Enhanced adsorption of oxytetracycline to weathered microplastic polystyrene:Kinetics, isotherms and influencing factors[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 243:1550-1557.
[33] Zettler E R,Mincer T J,Amaralzettler L A. Life in the“plastisphere”microbial communities on plastic marine debris[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2013, 47(13):7137-7146.
[34] Harrison J P, Schratzberger M, Sapp M, et al. Rapid bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms[J]. BMC Microbiology, 2014, 14(1):1-15.
[35] Oberbeckmann S, Kreikemeyer B, Labrenz M. Environmental factors support the formation of specific bacterial assemblages on microplastics[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017, 8:2709.
[36] Jin X, Filley T R. Enhanced conversion of newly-added maize straw to soil microbial biomass C under plastic film mulching and organic manure management[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 313:154-162.
[37] Sun M, Ye M, Jiao W, et al. Changes in tetracycline partitioning and bacteria/phage-comediated ARGs in microplastic-contaminated greenhouse soil facilitated by sophorolipid[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 345:131-139.
[38] Qian H, Zhang M, Liu G, et al. Effects of soil residual plastic film on soil microbial community structure and fertility[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution, 2018, 229(8):261.
[39] Kong X, Jin D, Jin S, et al. Responses of bacterial community to dibutyl phthalate(DBP)pollution in a soil-vegetable ecosystem[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018, 353:142-150.
[40] Wang Z G, You Y M, Xu W H, et al. Dimethyl phthalate altered the microbial metabolic pathways in a Mollisol[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2018, 69(3):439-449.
[41] Huerta Lwanga E, Gertsen H, Gooren H, et al. Microplastics in the terrestrial ecosystem:Implications for Lumbricus terrestris(Oligochaeta,Lumbricidae)[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2016, 50(5):2685-2691.
[42] Cao D, Wang X, Luo X, et al. Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the fitness of earthworms in an agricultural soil[C]. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science, 2017:012148.
[43] Rodriguez-Seijo A, Lourenco J, Rocha-Santos, et al. Histopathological and molecular effects of microplastics in Eisenia andrei Bouché[J].Environmental Pollution, 2017, 220:495-503.
[44] Rillig M C, Bonkowski M. Microplastic and soil protists:A call for research[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 241:1128-1131.
[45] Zhu D, Chen Q L, An X L, et al. Exposure of soil collembolans to microplastics perturbs their gut microbiota and alters their isotopic composition[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2018, 116:302-310.
[46] Zhu B K, Fang Y M, Zhu D, et al. Exposure to nanoplastics disturbs the gut microbiome in the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus[J].Environmental Pollution, 2018, 239:408-415.
[47] Le L L, Liu M T, Song Y, et al. Polystyrene(nano)microplastics cause size-dependent neurotoxicity, oxidative damage and other adverse effects in Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Environmental Science-Nano,2018, 5(8):2009-2020.
[48] Lei L, Wu S, Lu S, et al. Microplastic particles cause intestinal damage and other adverse effects in zebrafish Danio rerio and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,619/620:1-8.
[49] Lwanga E H, Vega J M, Quej V K, et al. Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain[J]. Scientific Reports,2017. Doi:10.1038/S41598-017-14588-2.
[50] Hodson M E, Duffus-Hodson C A, Clark A, et al. Plastic bag derivedmicroplastics as a vector for metal exposure in terrestrial invertebrates[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 51(8):4714-4721.
[51] Rillig M C, Ziersch L, Hempel S. Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):1362.
[52] Maa?S, Daphi D, Lehmann A, et al. Transport of microplastics by two collembolan species[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 225:456-459.
[53] Zhu D, Bi Q F, Xiang Q, et al. Trophic predator-prey relationships promote transport of microplastics compared with the single Hypoaspis aculeifer and Folsomia candida[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,235:150-154.