新保墒措施在铁路路域建植技术中的应用研究
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摘要
研究目的:铁路工程作为一种线性工程,在建设过程中不可避免地对当地的生态系统造成扰动和破坏,使铁路路域范围内的生态系统遭到破坏,植被退化,水土流失严重,危及铁路建设和运营安全。而西北干旱区属于脆弱的生态系统,一旦破坏,无法进行自行修复。因此,为解决西北干旱区铁路路域植被恢复难的问题,本文提出一种新的保墒措施——植物蓄水保墒装置(PWP),以解决该区路域范围内水土流失严重、植被建植难等问题,维护铁路运营安全。研究结论:(1)不同措施的保水率排序为:PWP> SAP(保水剂)> KB(空白对照),其中PWP的保水性能显著高于SAP,在第30天时PWP的保水率为57%,而SAP仅为15%;(2)同一措施不同坡位下,金叶榆的成活率均表现为坡下>坡中>坡上,同一措施不同坡位下表现为:PWP> SAP> KB;(3)同一措施不同坡位之间有机质、速效氮、速效钾和速效磷含量均呈现出坡下>坡中>坡上的变化规律,同一坡位不同措施之间呈现出PWP> SAP> KB的变化规律;(4)同一坡位不同措施下的土壤侵蚀模数均表现为:PWP Research purposes: As a linear project,railway engineering will inevitably disturb and destroy the local ecosystem during the construction process,causing damage to the ecosystem within the railway road area,vegetation degradation,serious soil erosion,and endangering railway construction and operation safety. Northwest arid area belongs to fragile ecosystem. Once destroyed,it can not repair itself. Therefore,in order to solve the difficult problem of vegetation restoration in the northwest arid region,a new water conservation measure-plant water storage and protection device( PWP) was proposed to solve the problems of serious soil erosion and difficult vegetation construction in the region,and to maintain railway operation safety.Research conclusions:( 1) The water retention rate of different measures: PWP > SAP( super absorbent polymers) >KB. The water retention performance of PWP is significantly higher than that of SAP. On the 30 th day,the water retention rate of PWP was 57%,while that of SAP was only 15%.( 2) Under different slope positions of the same measure,the survival rate of Ulmus pumila 'Jinye' was expressed as lower > middle > upper. Under different measure of the same slope positions: PWP > SAP > KB.( 3) Under different slope positions of the same measure,change law of organic matter,soil available N,K and P content is lower > middle > upper. Under different measures of the same slope positions: PWP > SAP > KB.( 4) Soil erosion modulus under different measures at the same slope position is PWP < SAP< KB. However,the law of soil erosion modulus under different slopes of the same measure has no uniformity.( 5) PWP measures can significantly improve soil moisture,fertility and vegetation survival rate,reduce soil erosion,and provide new ideas and reference for the construction of railway vegetation in the semi-arid region of Northwest China.
引文
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[3]唐涛,郝明德,单凤霞.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖减少水土流失的效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008(1):9-11.Tang Tao,Hao Mingde,Shan Fengxia.Effects of Straw Mulch Application on Water Loss and Soil Erosion under Simulated Rainfall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008(1):9-11.
[4]孔令伟,薛春晓,苏凤,等.不同建植技术对露天煤矿排土场生态修复效果的影响及评价[J].水土保持研究,2017(1):187-193.Kong Lingwei,Xue Chunxiao,Su Feng,etc.Evalution and Effect of Different Construction Techniques on the Ecological Restoration of the Stackpile in Opencast Coal Mine[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017(1):187-193.
[5]杜建军,苟春林,崔英德,等.保水剂对氮肥氨挥发和氮磷钾养分淋溶损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(4):1296-1301.Du Jianjun,Gou Chunlin,Cui Yingde,etc.Effects of Water Retaining Agent on Ammonia Volatilization and Nutrient Leaching Loss from N,P and K Fertilizers[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007(4):1296-1301.
[6]逯军峰.不同林龄油松人工林凋落物及其对土壤理化性质的影响研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.Lu Junfeng.Litter and Effect on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Pinus Tabulaeformis Plantation at Different Ages[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2007.
[7]杨静静,王秀峰,魏珉,等.保水剂吸水、释水及吸肥特性研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016(5):696-700.Yang Jingjing,Wang Xiufeng,Wei Min,etc.Study on Characteristics of Absorption,Release and Fertilizer Absorption of Water Retaining Agent[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2016(5):696-700.