木本植物在人工湿地中的应用
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摘要
在湿地系统中,木本植物一般比草本植物的生物量大,寿命更长,对有机物、氮和磷等有更强的生物累积能力.适应水环境的木本植物若能应用到人工湿地中,并构建出层次分明的复层植物群落,可避免草本植物人工湿地后期繁琐的维护工作,减少湿地管理成本,克服传统的人工湿地因草本植物季节性枯萎造成的生态位空缺,维持一定的污水处理效果,保证人工湿地运行的持久性.这符合低养护持久型人工湿地的构建理念,值得在人工湿地配置中推广.文章对人工湿地木本植物的研究工作进行了综述,并对木本植物在人工湿地中的应用前景进行了展望.
In the wetland system, woody plants generally have more biomass and longer life than herbs, and have stronger bioaccumulation ability than organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. If the woody plants could be adapted to the water environment could be applied to the constructed wetland, and the layered plant communities are constructed, the complicated maintenance work in the later stage of the constructed wetland could be avoided and the cost of wetland management will be reduced. It could also overcome the niche vacancy caused by the seasonal blight of the traditional constructed wetland, maintain the effect of sewage treatment, and ensure the durability of the operation of the constructed wetland. This accords with the construction idea of low maintenance and durable constructed wetland, and it was worth popularizing in the constructed wetland configuration. The research of woody plants in constructed wetland is reviewed, and the prospect of application of woody plants in constructed wetland was prospected.
In the wetland system, woody plants generally have more biomass and longer life than herbs, and have stronger bioaccumulation ability than organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. If the woody plants could be adapted to the water environment could be applied to the constructed wetland, and the layered plant communities are constructed, the complicated maintenance work in the later stage of the constructed wetland could be avoided and the cost of wetland management will be reduced. It could also overcome the niche vacancy caused by the seasonal blight of the traditional constructed wetland, maintain the effect of sewage treatment, and ensure the durability of the operation of the constructed wetland. This accords with the construction idea of low maintenance and durable constructed wetland, and it was worth popularizing in the constructed wetland configuration. The research of woody plants in constructed wetland is reviewed, and the prospect of application of woody plants in constructed wetland was prospected.
引文
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[2]KIVAISI A K. The potential for constructed wetlands for wastewater treament and reuse in developing countries:a review[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2001, 16(4):545-560.
[3]HOUSE C H.Combining constructed wetlands and aquatic and soil filter for reclamation and reuse of water[J]. Ecological Engineering,1999,12:27-38.
[4]BRIX H. Use of constructed wetland in water pollution control: Historical development,present status, and future perspectives[J]. Water Quality International, 1994, 30(8):209-22.
[5]BRIX H. Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands?[J]. Water Research, 1997, 35(5):11-17.
[6]李林锋,年跃刚,蒋高明. 植物吸收在人工湿地脱氮除磷中的贡献[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009, 33(22): 338-342.
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[8]李峰平,魏红阳,马喆,等.人工湿地植物的选择及植物净化污水作用研究进展[J].湿地科学,2017,15(6):849-854.
[9]HANG Q, WANG H, CHU Z, et al. Application of plant carbon source for denitrification by constructed wetland and bioreactor: review of recent development[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research International, 2016, 23(9):8260-8274.
[10]SALT D E, SMITH R D, RASKIN I. Phytoremediation[J]. Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 1998, 49(49):643-668.
[11]陈永华,吴晓芙,陈明利,等.人工湿地污水处理系统冬季植物的筛选与评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1789-1794.
[12]BOLTON K G E,GREENWAY M. A feasibility study of Melaleuca trees for use in constructed wet lands in subtropical Australia[J]. Water Science and Technology,1997,5(5): 247-254.
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[26]曹忠元. 几种常见园林植物的耐水性研究[D]. 广州:华南农业大学, 2011.
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[33]张权,杨柳燕,高燕,等. 湿生植物根系泌氧能力与其结构相关性研究[J]. 水资源保护, 2016, 32(4): 117-121.
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[35]王晓雯. 广州市上涌果树公园湿地植物景观构建研究[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院, 2017.
[36]FROEND R H, HEDDLE E M, BELL D T. Effect of salinity and waterlogging on the vegetation of Lake Toolbin, Western Australia[J]. Austral Ecology, 1987,12:281-298.
[37]KUBILAY Y, G?ZDE ?T?R K. Phytoremediation potential of poplar and willow species in small scale constructed wetland for boron removal[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 194:722.
[38]靖元孝, 杨丹菁, 任延丽, 等. 水翁在人工湿地的生长特性及对污染物的去除效果[J]. 环境科学研究, 2005,18(1):9-12.
[39]靖元孝, 杨丹菁, 陈章和, 等. 两栖榕在人工湿地的生长特性及其对污水的净化效果[J]. 生态学报,2003,23(3):614-619.
[40]BOLTON K G E, GREENWAY M. Nutrient sinks in a constructed Melaleuca wet land receiving secondarytreated efffluent[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1999,40(3):341-347.
[41]许铭宇. 水生动植物及其组合对富营养化园林水体净化效应研究[D].广州: 仲恺农业工程学院, 2017.
[42]蒋丽娟,佟金权,易心钰. 浮床栽种木本植物对人工湿地污水的净化效果[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2012, 32(12): 17-20, 30.
[43]陈永华,吴晓芙,纪智慧,等. 曝气对潜流人工湿地中木本植物的影响[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015, 9(9): 4199-4205.
[44]赵珊,张军,陈沉,等. 木本植物作为人工湿地植物的可行性试验[J]. 净水技术, 2012, 31(1): 73-79.
[45]胡焕斌,周化民,王桂珍,等.人工湿地处理矿山炸药污水[J].环境科学与技术,1997(3):17-18,26.
[46]陈莹. 潜流人工湿地中草本与木本植物模式去污效应比较研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学, 2017.
[47]汪辉.九种植物对人工湿地环境适应性的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2015.
[48]李有志,李锡泉,张灿明,等. 洞庭湖湿地柳属木本植物与薹草属草本植物群落土壤与水环境特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 2015,27(5): 887-894.
[49]白晓燕.木本植物人工湿地在湖泊富营养化修复中的应用展望[J].广东化工,2011,38(8):76-77.
[50]JAN V, LENKA K. Removal of organics in constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow: A review of the field experience[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2009, 407(13):3911-3922.
[51]BRISSON J, CHAZARENC F. Maximizing pollutant removal in constructed wetlands:Should we pay more attention to macrophyte species selection[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2009,407:3923-3930.
[52]BACHAND P A M, HORNE A J . Denitrification in Constructed Free-Water Surface Wetlands: II. Effects of Vegetation and Temperature[J]. Ecological Engineering, 1999, 14(1):17-32.
[53]陈永华,吴晓芙,陈明利,等.人工湿地污水处理系统中植物套种模式根际微生物多样性研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(8):2397-2402.
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[2]KIVAISI A K. The potential for constructed wetlands for wastewater treament and reuse in developing countries:a review[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2001, 16(4):545-560.
[3]HOUSE C H.Combining constructed wetlands and aquatic and soil filter for reclamation and reuse of water[J]. Ecological Engineering,1999,12:27-38.
[4]BRIX H. Use of constructed wetland in water pollution control: Historical development,present status, and future perspectives[J]. Water Quality International, 1994, 30(8):209-22.
[5]BRIX H. Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands?[J]. Water Research, 1997, 35(5):11-17.
[6]李林锋,年跃刚,蒋高明. 植物吸收在人工湿地脱氮除磷中的贡献[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009, 33(22): 338-342.
[7]WILLIAMS J B. Phytoremediation in wetland ecosystems: progress, problems, and potential[J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2002, 21(6):607-635.
[8]李峰平,魏红阳,马喆,等.人工湿地植物的选择及植物净化污水作用研究进展[J].湿地科学,2017,15(6):849-854.
[9]HANG Q, WANG H, CHU Z, et al. Application of plant carbon source for denitrification by constructed wetland and bioreactor: review of recent development[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research International, 2016, 23(9):8260-8274.
[10]SALT D E, SMITH R D, RASKIN I. Phytoremediation[J]. Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 1998, 49(49):643-668.
[11]陈永华,吴晓芙,陈明利,等.人工湿地污水处理系统冬季植物的筛选与评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1789-1794.
[12]BOLTON K G E,GREENWAY M. A feasibility study of Melaleuca trees for use in constructed wet lands in subtropical Australia[J]. Water Science and Technology,1997,5(5): 247-254.
[13]赵珊,张军,陈沉,等.木本植物作为人工湿地植物的可行性研究[J].净水技术,2012,31(1):73-79.
[14]王晓雯,许铭宇,黄丽,等.湿地木本植物资源应用的综合评价[J].湿地科学与管理,2018,14(2):61-64.
[15]CRONK J K, FENNESSY M S. Wetland plants: biology and ecology[M]. Boca Raton, Florida:CRC press, 2016.
[16]吴道圣,张光星,冯黎灵. 耐水湿树种在水库消落带(滩地)造林技术[J].湖北林业科技,2008(2):57-58.
[17]SENA G A R, KOZLOWSKI T T. Growth responses and adaptations of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Seedlings to Flooding[J]. Plant Physiology, 1980, 66: 267-271.
[18]徐锡增, 唐罗忠, 程淑婉. 涝渍胁迫下杨树内源激素及其它生理反应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 23(1):1-5.
[19]PHILIPSON J J,COUTTS M P.Tolerance of tree roots to waterlogging[J].New Physiologists,1980,80: 71-77.
[20]TESKEY R O,HINCKLEY T M. Impact of water level changes on woody riparian and wetland communities: II. The southern forest region[M]. Washington,D.C.: United States Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Biological Service, 1977:59-77.
[21]FRANKLIN H, DICKINSON N, ROBINSON B. The potential of new zealand native plants to mitigate nitrogen transport from agricultural land[J]. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2014, 47(4):405-409.
[22]LOUCKS W L.Flood-tolerant trees[J].Society of American Foresters,1987,85:36-40.
[23]MASAKA K, YAMADA K, SATO H. Effect of flooding on growth of Larix leptolepis seedlings[J]. Journal of the Japanese Forest Society, 2005, 87(3): 225-232.
[24]熊兴政. 水淹对三峡库区消落带三种木本植物生长及光合作用的影响[D].重庆:西南大学, 2016.
[25]黄若之. 湿地木本植物景观及其应用研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江农林大学, 2012.
[26]曹忠元. 几种常见园林植物的耐水性研究[D]. 广州:华南农业大学, 2011.
[27]谢茜,汪正祥,雷耘.不同水位条件下5种湿地木本植物幼苗的形态特征研究[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,47(3):389-392.
[28]施卫东, 汤国平, 潘林, 等. 湿地松等5树种在太湖滩地造林耐淹水性比较试验[J]. 江苏林业科技, 2010, 37(1): 9-12.
[29]陈永华, 吴晓芙, 郝君, 等. 4种木本植物在潜流人工湿地环境下的适应性与去污效果[J]. 生态学报, 2014,34(4):916-924.
[30]郭金凤. 水培木本植物蓄势待发[N/OL]. 中国花卉报, 2006-01-10[2018-04-10]. http://news.china-flower.com/paper/papernewsinfo.asp?n_id=186579.
[31]陈永华,吴晓芙,郝君,等. 亚热带地区潜流人工湿地木本植物筛选与净化潜力评价[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(2): 585-591.
[32]邓沛飞. 广东湿地木本植物资源调查及应用研究[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院,2014.
[33]张权,杨柳燕,高燕,等. 湿生植物根系泌氧能力与其结构相关性研究[J]. 水资源保护, 2016, 32(4): 117-121.
[34]郝君. 潜流人工湿地环境中木本植物的筛选与诱导及其适应性研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2013.
[35]王晓雯. 广州市上涌果树公园湿地植物景观构建研究[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院, 2017.
[36]FROEND R H, HEDDLE E M, BELL D T. Effect of salinity and waterlogging on the vegetation of Lake Toolbin, Western Australia[J]. Austral Ecology, 1987,12:281-298.
[37]KUBILAY Y, G?ZDE ?T?R K. Phytoremediation potential of poplar and willow species in small scale constructed wetland for boron removal[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 194:722.
[38]靖元孝, 杨丹菁, 任延丽, 等. 水翁在人工湿地的生长特性及对污染物的去除效果[J]. 环境科学研究, 2005,18(1):9-12.
[39]靖元孝, 杨丹菁, 陈章和, 等. 两栖榕在人工湿地的生长特性及其对污水的净化效果[J]. 生态学报,2003,23(3):614-619.
[40]BOLTON K G E, GREENWAY M. Nutrient sinks in a constructed Melaleuca wet land receiving secondarytreated efffluent[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1999,40(3):341-347.
[41]许铭宇. 水生动植物及其组合对富营养化园林水体净化效应研究[D].广州: 仲恺农业工程学院, 2017.
[42]蒋丽娟,佟金权,易心钰. 浮床栽种木本植物对人工湿地污水的净化效果[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2012, 32(12): 17-20, 30.
[43]陈永华,吴晓芙,纪智慧,等. 曝气对潜流人工湿地中木本植物的影响[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015, 9(9): 4199-4205.
[44]赵珊,张军,陈沉,等. 木本植物作为人工湿地植物的可行性试验[J]. 净水技术, 2012, 31(1): 73-79.
[45]胡焕斌,周化民,王桂珍,等.人工湿地处理矿山炸药污水[J].环境科学与技术,1997(3):17-18,26.
[46]陈莹. 潜流人工湿地中草本与木本植物模式去污效应比较研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学, 2017.
[47]汪辉.九种植物对人工湿地环境适应性的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2015.
[48]李有志,李锡泉,张灿明,等. 洞庭湖湿地柳属木本植物与薹草属草本植物群落土壤与水环境特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 2015,27(5): 887-894.
[49]白晓燕.木本植物人工湿地在湖泊富营养化修复中的应用展望[J].广东化工,2011,38(8):76-77.
[50]JAN V, LENKA K. Removal of organics in constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow: A review of the field experience[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2009, 407(13):3911-3922.
[51]BRISSON J, CHAZARENC F. Maximizing pollutant removal in constructed wetlands:Should we pay more attention to macrophyte species selection[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2009,407:3923-3930.
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