长江经济带绿色水资源效率时空分异研究——基于SE-SBM与ML指数法
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摘要
长江经济带作为全球最大的内河流域经济带,是我国"新常态"经济发展的重要新引擎。为确保以"黄金水道"为依托的长江经济带健康发展,应着力打造沿江绿色发展轴,重视生态保护及污染治理,尤其是水资源利用的可持续化。将长江经济带沿线11个省市作为研究对象,基于经济-环境-社会可持续绿色发展的理念建立SE-SBM模型,定量分析2002～2016年长江经济带绿色水资源效率时空变化,并利用ML指数方法探讨绿色水资源效率影响因素。研究表明:(1)长江经济带绿色水资源效率随时间出现轻微下降趋势,区域性差异明显,上、下游均出现不同程度的效率值下降,中游稳定于较低水平,形成水资源效率"上游>下游>中游"的格局;(2)重庆、贵州、上海3个地区平均水资源利用率达到DEA有效,浙江、江西、湖北效率值处于较低水平,江苏、云南水资源利用效率波动明显;(3)技术进步指数是影响水资源效率的主要因素。基于以上研究结果,从打造区域系统性开发,实现经济协调发展;提高技术效率,加大节水技术改造;实施"三水共治",强化水资源管理三方面提出政策建议。旨在促进长江经济带水资源合理开发利用,实现区域经济、社会可持续发展。
The Yangtze River Economic Belt,as the largest economic belt in the river basin in the world,is an important new engine for China 's "new normal " economic development. In order to ensure the healthy development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China 's government attaches importance to ecological protection,especially the sustainable utilization of water resources. The 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River economic belt were regarded as the research object. Based on the concept of"economic-environment-society sustainable green development",the SE-SBM model and the ML index were established to quantitatively analyze the efficiency of green water resources during the period 2002 ～ 2016. Research showed that:( 1) the Yangtze River Economic Belt green water resources efficiency showed a slight downward trend and an obvious regional difference,the upstream basin and downstream basin showed decreased,the middle reaches of the river basin was stable and low;( 2) the average water resources in Chongqing,Guizhou,Shanghai,Zhejiang reached the effective rate of DEA,the effective value in Jiangxi,Hubei was at a low level and the water resources utilization efficiency fluctuation in Jiangsu,Yunnan was obvious;( 3) the index of technological progress was the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resources. The following suggestions were made in this article: build regional systematic development,realize coordinated economic development,improve the technical efficiency,increase the water saving technology,implement the "three water common governance " and strengthen the management of water resources to promote the rational utilization of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
The Yangtze River Economic Belt,as the largest economic belt in the river basin in the world,is an important new engine for China 's "new normal " economic development. In order to ensure the healthy development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China 's government attaches importance to ecological protection,especially the sustainable utilization of water resources. The 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River economic belt were regarded as the research object. Based on the concept of"economic-environment-society sustainable green development",the SE-SBM model and the ML index were established to quantitatively analyze the efficiency of green water resources during the period 2002 ～ 2016. Research showed that:( 1) the Yangtze River Economic Belt green water resources efficiency showed a slight downward trend and an obvious regional difference,the upstream basin and downstream basin showed decreased,the middle reaches of the river basin was stable and low;( 2) the average water resources in Chongqing,Guizhou,Shanghai,Zhejiang reached the effective rate of DEA,the effective value in Jiangxi,Hubei was at a low level and the water resources utilization efficiency fluctuation in Jiangsu,Yunnan was obvious;( 3) the index of technological progress was the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resources. The following suggestions were made in this article: build regional systematic development,realize coordinated economic development,improve the technical efficiency,increase the water saving technology,implement the "three water common governance " and strengthen the management of water resources to promote the rational utilization of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
引文
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[13] CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[14] TONE K. A slacks-based measure of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,143(1):32-41.
[15]孙才志,刘玉玉.基于DEA-ESDA的中国水资源利用相对效率的时空格局分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(10):1696-1703.SUN C Z,LIU Y Y. Analysis of the spatial-temporal pattern of water resources utilization relative efficiency based on DEA-ESDA in China[J]. Resources Science,2009,31(10):1696-1703.
[16] BANKER R D,GIFFORD J L. A relative efficiency model for the evaluation of public health nurse productivity[J]. Pittsburgh:Carnegie Mellon University,1988.
[17] CHAMBERS R G,ROLF F,GROSSKOPF S. Productivity growth in APEC countries[J]. Pacific Economic Review,1996,1(3):181-190.
[18]吴传清,董旭.环境约束下长江经济带全要素能源效率的时空分异研究——基于超效率DEA模型和ML指数法[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(10):1646-1653.WU C Q,DONG X. Research on time and space disparities of total factor energy efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt under the constrained environment[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015(10):1646-1653.
[19]曾福生,郭珍,高鸣.中国农业基础设施投资效率及其收敛性分析——基于资源约束视角下的实证研究[J].管理世界,2014(8):173-174.ZENG F S,GUO Z,GAO M. Investment efficiency and convergence of agricultural infrastructure in China:An empirical study based on resource constraint perspective[J]. Management World,2014(8):173-174.
[20]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952~2006年[J].数量经济技术经济究,2008(10):17-31.SHAN H J. Reestimating the capital stock of China:1952-2006[J]. The Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2008(10):17-31.
[21]吴延瑞.生产率对中国经济增长的贡献:新的估计[J].经济学:季刊,2008,7(3):827-842.WU Y R. The role of productivity in China’s growth:New estimates[J]. China Economic Quarterly,2008 7(3):827-842.
[22]田辉.人类可持续发展指数(HSDI)构建及其应用研究[D].南京理工大学,2008.TIAN H. A construction of human sustainable development index(HSDI)and its application[D]. Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2008.
[2]高媛媛,许新宜,王红瑞,等.中国水资源利用效率评估模型构建及应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,2013,33(3):776-784.GAO Y Y,XU X Y,WANG H R,et al. New model for water use efficiency evaluation of China and its application[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2013,33(3):776-784.
[3] SPEELMAN S,D’HAESE M F C,BUVSSE J,et al. Technical efficiency of water use and its determinants,study at smallscale irrigation schemes in North-West Province,South Africa[J]. General Information,2007.
[4] KANEKO S,TANAKA K,TOYOTA T,et al. Water efficiency of agricultural production in China:Regional comparison from1999 to 2002[J]. Archives of Virology,2000,145(5):859-869.
[5]廖虎昌,董毅明.基于DEA和Malmquist指数的西部12省水资源利用效率研究[J].资源科学,2011,33(2):273-279.LIAO H C,DONG Y M. Utilization efficiency of water resources in 12 western provinces of China based on the DEA and Malmquist TFP index[J]. Resources Science,2011,33(2):273-279.
[6]任俊霖,李浩,伍新木,等.长江经济带省会城市用水效率分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(5):101-107.REN J L,LI H,WU X M,et al. Analysis of water efficiency of capital cities in Yangtze River Economic Belt in China[J].China Population, Resources and Environment, 2016, 26(5):101-107.
[7]卢曦,许长新.基于三阶段DEA与Malmquist指数分解的长江经济带水资源利用效率研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(1):7-14.LU X,XU C X. Yangtze River economic belt based on threestage DEA and malmquist index decomposition[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(1):7-14.
[8]钱文婧,贺灿飞.中国水资源利用效率区域差异及影响因素研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(2):54-60.QIAN W J,HE C F. China’s regional difference of water resource use efficiency and influencing factors[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(2):54-60.
[9]丁绪辉,贺菊花,王柳元.考虑非合意产出的省际水资源利用效率及驱动因素研究——基于SE-SBM与Tobit模型的考察[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):157-164.DING X H,HE J H,WANG L Y. Inter-provincial water resources utilization efficiency and its driving factors considering undesirable outputs:Based on SE-SBM and Tobit model[J].China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018, 28(1):157-164.
[10]杨骞,刘华军.污染排放约束下中国农业水资源效率的区域差异与影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015,32(1):114-128,158.YANG Q,LIU H J. Regional disparity and influencing factors of agricultural water resources efficiency with the constraint of pollution[J]. Quantitative&Technical Economics,2015(1):114-128,158.
[11]赵良仕,孙才志,郑德凤.中国省际水资源利用效率与空间溢出效应测度[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):121-133.ZHAO L S,SUN C Z,ZHENG D F. Water resource utilization efficiency and its spatial spillover effects measure in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(1):121-133.
[12]沈满洪.水资源经济学[M].中国环境科学出版社,2009.SHEN M H,CHEN Q N. Water Resources Economics[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2009.
[13] CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[14] TONE K. A slacks-based measure of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,143(1):32-41.
[15]孙才志,刘玉玉.基于DEA-ESDA的中国水资源利用相对效率的时空格局分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(10):1696-1703.SUN C Z,LIU Y Y. Analysis of the spatial-temporal pattern of water resources utilization relative efficiency based on DEA-ESDA in China[J]. Resources Science,2009,31(10):1696-1703.
[16] BANKER R D,GIFFORD J L. A relative efficiency model for the evaluation of public health nurse productivity[J]. Pittsburgh:Carnegie Mellon University,1988.
[17] CHAMBERS R G,ROLF F,GROSSKOPF S. Productivity growth in APEC countries[J]. Pacific Economic Review,1996,1(3):181-190.
[18]吴传清,董旭.环境约束下长江经济带全要素能源效率的时空分异研究——基于超效率DEA模型和ML指数法[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(10):1646-1653.WU C Q,DONG X. Research on time and space disparities of total factor energy efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt under the constrained environment[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015(10):1646-1653.
[19]曾福生,郭珍,高鸣.中国农业基础设施投资效率及其收敛性分析——基于资源约束视角下的实证研究[J].管理世界,2014(8):173-174.ZENG F S,GUO Z,GAO M. Investment efficiency and convergence of agricultural infrastructure in China:An empirical study based on resource constraint perspective[J]. Management World,2014(8):173-174.
[20]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952~2006年[J].数量经济技术经济究,2008(10):17-31.SHAN H J. Reestimating the capital stock of China:1952-2006[J]. The Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2008(10):17-31.
[21]吴延瑞.生产率对中国经济增长的贡献:新的估计[J].经济学:季刊,2008,7(3):827-842.WU Y R. The role of productivity in China’s growth:New estimates[J]. China Economic Quarterly,2008 7(3):827-842.
[22]田辉.人类可持续发展指数(HSDI)构建及其应用研究[D].南京理工大学,2008.TIAN H. A construction of human sustainable development index(HSDI)and its application[D]. Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2008.