大花紫薇大小孢子的发生及雌雄配子体的发育
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摘要
用石蜡切片法对不同发育时期的大花紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)花朵进行解剖研究,探讨其大小孢子的发生及雌雄配子体的发育过程,结果发现:大花紫薇花药4室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和腺质绒毡层构成,发育类型为双子叶型;小孢子四分体多为四面体型,偶见十字交叉型,胞质分裂为同时型;成熟花粉粒属于2-细胞型,具3孔沟,偶见败育现象;大花紫薇雌蕊具6~7心皮,子房6~7室,每室具多枚倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心,大孢子4分体呈直线排列,近合点端大孢子发育为蓼型胚囊,成熟胚囊为7细胞8核。花粉及胚囊发育多数正常,大花紫薇可以作为优良的杂交母本;同时可以根据开花物候不同阶段花的形态特征,初步判断大花紫薇大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体的发育进程。
The flower anatomical structures of Lagerstroemia speciosa in different development stages were studied by using method of paraffin section. The formation of the sporophyte and the development process of male and female gametophytes were also surveyed. The results showed that anther has four chambers. The anther wall shows a dicotyledonous type,which be comprised of epidermis,endothecium,middle layer and glandular tapetum. Cytokinesis occurs simultaneously with meiosis in a microspore mother cell,and the formed tetrads are mostly tetrahedral while some are decussate type. The mature pollen grains are of a 3-cell type with three grooves,occasionally aborted. The gynoecium was composed of 6 7 carpels. The ovary has 6 7 locules and there are several anatropous ovules in each locule. The ovules are crassinucellate and bitegmic. The megaspore mother cell divides to a linear megaspore tetrad. The chalazal megaspore develops into a polygonum type embryo sac. The mature embryo sac contains seven cells and eight cell nucleus. The most pollen and embryo sac development are normal,and L. speciosa can be used as a fine female parent in the hybridization breeding.According to the flower morphological characteristics in different blooming phenophase,the process of megaspore and microspore formation and development of male and female gametophytes can be determined initially.
The flower anatomical structures of Lagerstroemia speciosa in different development stages were studied by using method of paraffin section. The formation of the sporophyte and the development process of male and female gametophytes were also surveyed. The results showed that anther has four chambers. The anther wall shows a dicotyledonous type,which be comprised of epidermis,endothecium,middle layer and glandular tapetum. Cytokinesis occurs simultaneously with meiosis in a microspore mother cell,and the formed tetrads are mostly tetrahedral while some are decussate type. The mature pollen grains are of a 3-cell type with three grooves,occasionally aborted. The gynoecium was composed of 6 7 carpels. The ovary has 6 7 locules and there are several anatropous ovules in each locule. The ovules are crassinucellate and bitegmic. The megaspore mother cell divides to a linear megaspore tetrad. The chalazal megaspore develops into a polygonum type embryo sac. The mature embryo sac contains seven cells and eight cell nucleus. The most pollen and embryo sac development are normal,and L. speciosa can be used as a fine female parent in the hybridization breeding.According to the flower morphological characteristics in different blooming phenophase,the process of megaspore and microspore formation and development of male and female gametophytes can be determined initially.
引文
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4.王燕,孙连娜,楼永明.大花紫薇化学成分与药理作用研究进展[J].福建分析测试,2014,23(5):20-24.Wang Y,Sun L N,Lou Y M.Advances in research of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa(Linn.)Pers[J].Fujian Analysis&Testing,2014,23(5):20-24.
5.Hattori K,Sukenobu N,Sasaki T,et al.Activation of insulin receptors by Lagerstroemin[J].Journal of Pharmacological Sciences,2003,93(1):69-73.
6.Suzuki Y,Hayashi K,Sakane I,et al.Effect and mode of action of banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa L.)leaf extracts on postprandial blood glucose in Rats[J].Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,2001,54(3):131-137.
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8.Sinhababu A,Das S,Laskar S,et al.Characterization and identification of antibacterial components in extracts of seeds from Lagerstroemia speciosa[J].Advances in Food Sciences A,1999,21(1-2):19-22.
9.任翔翔,张启翔,潘会堂,等.大花紫薇开花及花粉特性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(28):13507-13509.Ren X X,Zhang Q X,Pan H T,et al.Study on the characteristics of florescence and pollen in Lagerstroemia speciosa[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(28):13507-13509.
10.钟文勇,陈建丽,许鸿源.大花紫薇种子发芽特性研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2005,24(2):164-166.Zhong W Y,Chen J L,Xu H Y.Studies on the characteristics of seed germination of Lagerstroemia speciosa[J].Journal of Guangxi Agricultural and Biological Science,2005,24(2):164-166.
11.许鸿源,钟文勇,陈建丽,等.几种因素对大花紫薇种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2005,24(9):57-58,61.Xu H Y,Zhong W Y,Chen J L,et al.Influence of several factors on germination of Lagerstroemia speciosa seeds[J].Seed,2005,24(9):57-58,61.
12.滕维超,郑绍鑫,覃梅,等.大花紫薇幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(7):31-34.Teng W C,Zheng S X,Qin M,et al.Physiological mechanism of Lagerstroemia speciosa L.seedlings under salt stress[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(7):31-34.
13.许欢.结实与不结实紫薇生物学特性比较研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015.Xu H.Biological characteristic comparison research between fructiferous and acarpous Lagerstroemia indica[D].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2015.
14.郭玉敏.日本矮紫薇花芽形态分化及在武汉的引种适应性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.Guo Y M.Studies on flower bud morphodifferentiation and adaptability of introduced Lagerstroemia indica cv.in Wuhan[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2006.
15.胡适宜.被子植物胚胎学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1982.Hu S Y.Embryology of Angiospermis[M].Beijing:People’s Education Press,1982.
16.董立格,丁雨龙,王贤荣,等.‘晚银桂’的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):44-50.Dong L G,Ding Y L,Wang X R,et al.The microsporogenesis and the development of male gametophyte in Osmanthus fragrans‘Wanyingui’[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Science Edition,2015,39(4):44-50.
17.许小连,金荷仙,陈香波,等.濒危植物羊角槭小孢子发生与雄配子体发育研究[J].植物分类与资源学报,2012,34(4):339-346.Xu X L,Jin H X,Chen X B,et al.Studies on the Formation of Microspores and Development of Male Gametophyte in Acer yanjuechi(Aceraceae)[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2012,34(4):339-346.
18.赵桦,孟华菊,徐娟.七叶树小孢子发生及雄配子体发育研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(2):217-222.Zhao H,Meng H J,XU J.Microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis in Aesculus chinensis Bunge[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(2):217-222.
2.广西科学院广西植物研究所.广西植物志:第1卷[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社,1991.Guangxi Institute of Botany.Flora of Guangxi:Volume 1[M].Nanning:Guangxi Science and Technology Press,1991.
3.Murakami C,Myoga R,Kasai K,et al.Screening of plant constituents for effect on glucose transport activity in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1993,41(12):2129-2131.
4.王燕,孙连娜,楼永明.大花紫薇化学成分与药理作用研究进展[J].福建分析测试,2014,23(5):20-24.Wang Y,Sun L N,Lou Y M.Advances in research of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa(Linn.)Pers[J].Fujian Analysis&Testing,2014,23(5):20-24.
5.Hattori K,Sukenobu N,Sasaki T,et al.Activation of insulin receptors by Lagerstroemin[J].Journal of Pharmacological Sciences,2003,93(1):69-73.
6.Suzuki Y,Hayashi K,Sakane I,et al.Effect and mode of action of banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa L.)leaf extracts on postprandial blood glucose in Rats[J].Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,2001,54(3):131-137.
7.Liu F,Kim J K,Li Y S,et al.An extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa L.has insulin-like glucose uptake-stimulatory and adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory activities in 3T3-L1cells[J].Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(9):2242-2247.
8.Sinhababu A,Das S,Laskar S,et al.Characterization and identification of antibacterial components in extracts of seeds from Lagerstroemia speciosa[J].Advances in Food Sciences A,1999,21(1-2):19-22.
9.任翔翔,张启翔,潘会堂,等.大花紫薇开花及花粉特性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(28):13507-13509.Ren X X,Zhang Q X,Pan H T,et al.Study on the characteristics of florescence and pollen in Lagerstroemia speciosa[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(28):13507-13509.
10.钟文勇,陈建丽,许鸿源.大花紫薇种子发芽特性研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2005,24(2):164-166.Zhong W Y,Chen J L,Xu H Y.Studies on the characteristics of seed germination of Lagerstroemia speciosa[J].Journal of Guangxi Agricultural and Biological Science,2005,24(2):164-166.
11.许鸿源,钟文勇,陈建丽,等.几种因素对大花紫薇种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2005,24(9):57-58,61.Xu H Y,Zhong W Y,Chen J L,et al.Influence of several factors on germination of Lagerstroemia speciosa seeds[J].Seed,2005,24(9):57-58,61.
12.滕维超,郑绍鑫,覃梅,等.大花紫薇幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(7):31-34.Teng W C,Zheng S X,Qin M,et al.Physiological mechanism of Lagerstroemia speciosa L.seedlings under salt stress[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(7):31-34.
13.许欢.结实与不结实紫薇生物学特性比较研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015.Xu H.Biological characteristic comparison research between fructiferous and acarpous Lagerstroemia indica[D].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2015.
14.郭玉敏.日本矮紫薇花芽形态分化及在武汉的引种适应性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.Guo Y M.Studies on flower bud morphodifferentiation and adaptability of introduced Lagerstroemia indica cv.in Wuhan[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2006.
15.胡适宜.被子植物胚胎学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1982.Hu S Y.Embryology of Angiospermis[M].Beijing:People’s Education Press,1982.
16.董立格,丁雨龙,王贤荣,等.‘晚银桂’的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):44-50.Dong L G,Ding Y L,Wang X R,et al.The microsporogenesis and the development of male gametophyte in Osmanthus fragrans‘Wanyingui’[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Science Edition,2015,39(4):44-50.
17.许小连,金荷仙,陈香波,等.濒危植物羊角槭小孢子发生与雄配子体发育研究[J].植物分类与资源学报,2012,34(4):339-346.Xu X L,Jin H X,Chen X B,et al.Studies on the Formation of Microspores and Development of Male Gametophyte in Acer yanjuechi(Aceraceae)[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2012,34(4):339-346.
18.赵桦,孟华菊,徐娟.七叶树小孢子发生及雄配子体发育研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(2):217-222.Zhao H,Meng H J,XU J.Microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis in Aesculus chinensis Bunge[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(2):217-222.