乙烯利和多效唑对簕杜鹃生长开花及生理特性的影响
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摘要
【目的】探索外源激素乙烯利和多效唑对簕杜鹃观赏性状及其生理特性的影响,分析植株开花过程与生理生化特性的相关性,为实际生产中簕杜鹃的花期调控、提高开花率提供理论和实践依据。【方法】对植株分别叶面喷施25、50、75、100、125 mg·L~(-1)的乙烯利及100、300、500、700、900 mg·L~(-1)的多效唑,以喷清水为对照(CK)。2016年8月23日开始第1次处理,每隔10天喷施1次,共喷施3次。观察植株生长发育过程中观赏性状的变化,同时采用酶联免疫法测定植株生长开花过程中内源激素、碳水化合物及可溶性蛋白质含量。【结果】花芽分化初期,较低的IAA、GA_3以及较高的ABA、ZR有利于植物开展花芽分化;分化后期,高水平的IAA、相对稳定的GA_3以及较低的ABA、ZR对花各部位的发育有益。形态分化初期,总氮含量较低,可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质较高能够促进植株开花。75 mg·L~(-1)乙烯利使ABA/IAA、ABA/GA_3、ZR/IAA、ZR/GA_3比值明显升高,叶片总氮含量降低,促进分化初期C/N比值,同时增加植株花枝数、花朵数,使植株花期起始时间提早5天,总时长较对照延长7天;多效唑100 mg·L~(-1)抑制ABA/IAA、ABA/GA_3、ZR/IAA、ZR/GA_3比值及总氮水平,使植株花期起始时间延后1天,末花期不变。【结论】75 mg·L~(-1)乙烯利处理对植株花枝数、花朵数、始花期及开花总时长均有明显的促进作用,生产栽培中可依据此结论进行植株的促进栽培;而多效唑处理对簕杜鹃生长开花则表现出不同程度的抑制现象。
【Objective】This experiment aimed to explore the effect of exogenous hormones on ornamental and physiological characteristics of Bougainvillea spectabilis, by analyzing the correlation between the flowering process and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plants subjected to foliar-spraying ethephon(ETH) and paclobutrazol(PP_(333)), in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for more effective flowering regulation and improvement of flowering of B. spectabilis in practical production. 【Method】 The plants were sprayed on leaves with 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg·L~(-1) ETH, and 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 mg·L~(-1) PP_(333), and spraying water served as control. The first treatment was started on August 23, 2016, repeatedly spraying every 10 days, three times in total. The changes of ornamental characteristics during plant growth and development were observed and recorded, and at the same time, the contents of endogenous hormones, carbohydrates and soluble protein were measured. 【Result】 In the early stages of flower bud differentiation, the lower concentration of IAA, GA_3 and higher ABA and ZR levels were favorable for the flower bud differentiation; The higher levels of IAA, relatively stable GA_3, and lower ABA and ZR contents were beneficial to the development of various parts of flower in the late stage of flower differentiation. The total nitrogen content was lower, and the higher concentrations of total soluble sugar and soluble protein content could promote the flowering of plants in the early stage of morphological differentiation. The 75 mg·L~(-1) ETH significantly increased the ratios of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA_3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA_3, reduced the content of total nitrogen, and promoted the ratio of C/N in the early stage of differentiation. At the same time, the number of flower branches and flowers increased, so that the plant flowering initiation time was 5 days earlier, the whole blooming time was 7 days longer than the control; The ratios of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA_3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA_3 and total nitrogen levels were inhibited by 100 mg·L~(-1) PP_(333) treatment, and the plant flowering time was delayed for 1 day, the final flowering period was unchanged. 【Conclusion】 The 75 mg·L~(-1) ETH treatment can obviously promote the number of flower branches, flowers, the initial flowering period and the total flowering time, which could be used to promote the growth and flowering of Rhododendron grandiflorum, while PP_(333) treatment could inhibit the growth and flowering of B.spectabilis to some extent.
【Objective】This experiment aimed to explore the effect of exogenous hormones on ornamental and physiological characteristics of Bougainvillea spectabilis, by analyzing the correlation between the flowering process and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plants subjected to foliar-spraying ethephon(ETH) and paclobutrazol(PP_(333)), in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for more effective flowering regulation and improvement of flowering of B. spectabilis in practical production. 【Method】 The plants were sprayed on leaves with 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg·L~(-1) ETH, and 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 mg·L~(-1) PP_(333), and spraying water served as control. The first treatment was started on August 23, 2016, repeatedly spraying every 10 days, three times in total. The changes of ornamental characteristics during plant growth and development were observed and recorded, and at the same time, the contents of endogenous hormones, carbohydrates and soluble protein were measured. 【Result】 In the early stages of flower bud differentiation, the lower concentration of IAA, GA_3 and higher ABA and ZR levels were favorable for the flower bud differentiation; The higher levels of IAA, relatively stable GA_3, and lower ABA and ZR contents were beneficial to the development of various parts of flower in the late stage of flower differentiation. The total nitrogen content was lower, and the higher concentrations of total soluble sugar and soluble protein content could promote the flowering of plants in the early stage of morphological differentiation. The 75 mg·L~(-1) ETH significantly increased the ratios of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA_3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA_3, reduced the content of total nitrogen, and promoted the ratio of C/N in the early stage of differentiation. At the same time, the number of flower branches and flowers increased, so that the plant flowering initiation time was 5 days earlier, the whole blooming time was 7 days longer than the control; The ratios of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA_3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA_3 and total nitrogen levels were inhibited by 100 mg·L~(-1) PP_(333) treatment, and the plant flowering time was delayed for 1 day, the final flowering period was unchanged. 【Conclusion】 The 75 mg·L~(-1) ETH treatment can obviously promote the number of flower branches, flowers, the initial flowering period and the total flowering time, which could be used to promote the growth and flowering of Rhododendron grandiflorum, while PP_(333) treatment could inhibit the growth and flowering of B.spectabilis to some extent.
引文
陈 庭,王运华,王爱敏,等. 2014. 多效唑对簕杜鹃生长及耐旱性的影响.西南农业学报,27(1): 296-302.(Chen T, Wang Y H, Wang A M, et al. 2014. Effects of paclobutrazol on morphology and drought tolerance of Bougainvillea. Southwest China Journal of Agricutural Sciences, 27(1):296-302. [in Chinese])
陈 炫,陶忠良,吴志祥,等. 2012. 多效唑+乙烯利对妃子笑荔枝内源激素及碳氮营养的影响.江西农业大学学报,34(1): 27-33.(Chen X, Tao Z L, Wu Z X, et al. 2012. Effects of PP333 and ethrel on endogenous hormone, carbohydrate and nitrogen nutrition of Feizixiao Litch. Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis, 34(1):27-33. [in Chinese])
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傅华龙,何天久,吴巧玉. 2008. 植物生长调节剂的研究与应用.生物加工过程,6(4): 7-12.(Fu H L, He T J, Wu Q Y. 2008. Research and application on plant growth regulators. Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering, 6(4):7-12. [in Chinese])
范晓芬,苏振洪,李水根,等. 2015. 不同温度条件下多效唑对崇明水仙生长的影响.上海交通大学学报: 农业科学版,33(2): 60-65.(Fan X F, Su Z H, Li S G, et al. 2015. Effects of paclobutrazol on the growth of chongming narcissus (Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis) under different temperature conditions. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agricultural Science Edition,33(2):60-65. [in Chinese])
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李丹丹,田奥磊,杨小芳,等. 2017.多效唑对碗莲生理特性和花期调控的影响.中国观赏园艺研究进展, 463-468.(Li D D, Tian A L, Yang X F, et al. 2017. Effects of paclobutrazol on physiological characteristics and flowering regulation of Nelumbo nucifera. Advances in Ornamental Horticulture of China, 463-468. [in Chinese])
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陈香玲,卢美英. 2005. 乙烯利在植物成花方面的应用及研究进展.广西农业科学,36(2): 110-112.(Chen X L, Lu M Y. 2005. Process of studies on application of ethrel in plant flower-formation regulation. Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,36(2):110-112. [in Chinese])
傅华龙,何天久,吴巧玉. 2008. 植物生长调节剂的研究与应用.生物加工过程,6(4): 7-12.(Fu H L, He T J, Wu Q Y. 2008. Research and application on plant growth regulators. Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering, 6(4):7-12. [in Chinese])
范晓芬,苏振洪,李水根,等. 2015. 不同温度条件下多效唑对崇明水仙生长的影响.上海交通大学学报: 农业科学版,33(2): 60-65.(Fan X F, Su Z H, Li S G, et al. 2015. Effects of paclobutrazol on the growth of chongming narcissus (Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis) under different temperature conditions. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agricultural Science Edition,33(2):60-65. [in Chinese])
郭 蕊.2004.百合冷藏及花芽分化期间形态和生理变化的研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士学位论文.(Guo R. 2004. Physiological and morphological changes of Lily Bulb in cooling storage and bud differentiation periods. Urumqi:MS thesis of Xinjiang Agricultural University. [in Chinese])
高俊凤.2006.植物生理学试验指导.北京: 高等教育出版社.(Gao J F. 2006. Experimental guidance of plant physiology. Beijing: Higher Education Press. [in Chinese])
胡 盼,王 川,王军辉,等.2012. 青海云杉花芽分化期内源激素含量的变化特征.西北植物学报,32(3): 540-545.(Hu P, Wang C, Wang J H, et al. 2012. Content changes of endogenous hormones during flower bud differentiation of Picea crassifolia. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 32(3):540-545. [in Chinese])
胡绍庆,宣子灿,朱 诚,等.2011. 桂花花芽分化期内源激素含量的变化.西北植物学报,31(2): 398-400.(Hu S Q, Xuan Z C, Zhu C, et al. 2011. Changes of endogenous hormone contents during flower bud differentiation of sweet Osmanthus. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 31(2):398-400. [in Chinese])
黄雁婷.2010. 簕杜鹃品种优选与栽培技术研究.安徽农学通报,16(14): 166-171.(Huang Y T. 2010. Study on optimization and cultivation of Bougainvillea glabra. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 16(14):166-171. [in Chinese])
吕长平,陈海霞. 2003. 多效唑对盆栽花叶美人蕉的矮化效果.湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,29(2): 129-130.(Lü C P, Chen H X. 2003. Effects of paclobutrazol on basin-cultured Canna generalis’reduction. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Natural Sciences Edition, 29(2):129-130. [in Chinese])
李丹丹,田奥磊,杨小芳,等. 2017.多效唑对碗莲生理特性和花期调控的影响.中国观赏园艺研究进展, 463-468.(Li D D, Tian A L, Yang X F, et al. 2017. Effects of paclobutrazol on physiological characteristics and flowering regulation of Nelumbo nucifera. Advances in Ornamental Horticulture of China, 463-468. [in Chinese])
赖端云,林建忠,苏明华,等. 2011. 氯酸钾诱导龙眼成花根系内源激素水平及根系活力的变化.热带作物学报,32(2): 225-228.(Lai D Y, Lin J Z, Su M H, et al. 2011. Effects of KClO3 application on the changes of root endogenous hormones and root activity during flower bud induction of ‘Songfengbeng’ Longan. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,32(2):225-228. [in Chinese])
刘红明,李 晶,朱春华,等. 2013. 多效唑对柠檬营养生长和生殖生长的影响.南方农业学报,44(10): 1694-1699.(Liu H M, Li J, Zhu C H, et al. 2013. Effects of paclobutrazol on vegetative and reproductive growth of lemon. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 44(10):1694-1699. [in Chinese])
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