事态、体态及时态的相互作用及其对句法结构的影响
|
摘要
事态-体态-时态三者相互影响、相互制约。这种关系对事态句的句法结构有着重要的影响作用,体现在两个方面:一是限制部分事态句类型的产生,二是制约着延时、限时、点时及频率四类时间状语的入句可能性,并导致时间句法结构呈现规律性特征。研究表明,不仅谓词与论元之间有着内在的逻辑基础,而且超越谓词与论元关系的句法成分之间同样存在着内在逻辑基础,这对深入探索句法的语义驱动机制研究具有启示意义。
There is a strong interlink and interaction among eventuality,aspectuality and tense. The effect of the interactive relations shows itself on the syntactic structure and can be reflected in two aspects: on the one hand,some eventuality sentence types are subject to restriction; and on the other,the four temporal adverbials,that is,durative,inclusive,punctual and frequency,can be confined to certain eventuality sentence types,which makes temporal syntactic structures in a language appear in regular patterns. The study reveals that not only can we see the logical basis between the predicate and its arguments in a sentence,as held by traditional point of view,but we can also justify the existence of logical basis of syntactic structures beyond the predicate and its arguments,which is of great significance in furthering research on semantics-driven syntax.
There is a strong interlink and interaction among eventuality,aspectuality and tense. The effect of the interactive relations shows itself on the syntactic structure and can be reflected in two aspects: on the one hand,some eventuality sentence types are subject to restriction; and on the other,the four temporal adverbials,that is,durative,inclusive,punctual and frequency,can be confined to certain eventuality sentence types,which makes temporal syntactic structures in a language appear in regular patterns. The study reveals that not only can we see the logical basis between the predicate and its arguments in a sentence,as held by traditional point of view,but we can also justify the existence of logical basis of syntactic structures beyond the predicate and its arguments,which is of great significance in furthering research on semantics-driven syntax.
引文
[1]Bach,E.The algebra of events[J].Linguistics and Philosophy,1986(9):5-16.
[2]Comrie,B.Aspect:An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1976.
[3]Comrie,B.Tense[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[4]Lin,Jo-wang.Time in a language without tense:The case of Chinese[J].Journal of Semantics,2006(23):1-53.
[5]Olsen,M.B.A Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical Aspect[M].New York&London:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1997.
[6]Rothstein,S.Structuring Events:A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect[M].Malden/Oxford/Victoria:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.,2004.
[7]Smith,C.The Parameter of Aspect[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1991/1997.
[8]Vendler,Z.Verbs and times[J].The Philosophical Review,1957(66):143-160.
[9]Vlach,F.Temporal adverbials,tenses and the perfect[J].Linguistics and Philosophy,1993(16):231-283.
[10]兰静.英语动词体态的认知研究[J].外语教学,2008(1):29-32.
[11]尚新.突显理论与汉英时体范畴的类型学差异[J].语言教学与研究,2004(6):10-18.
[12]尚新.论英汉语法体对语义体的运算及其句法层级选择性[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2011(6):6-12.
[2]Comrie,B.Aspect:An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1976.
[3]Comrie,B.Tense[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[4]Lin,Jo-wang.Time in a language without tense:The case of Chinese[J].Journal of Semantics,2006(23):1-53.
[5]Olsen,M.B.A Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical Aspect[M].New York&London:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1997.
[6]Rothstein,S.Structuring Events:A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect[M].Malden/Oxford/Victoria:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.,2004.
[7]Smith,C.The Parameter of Aspect[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1991/1997.
[8]Vendler,Z.Verbs and times[J].The Philosophical Review,1957(66):143-160.
[9]Vlach,F.Temporal adverbials,tenses and the perfect[J].Linguistics and Philosophy,1993(16):231-283.
[10]兰静.英语动词体态的认知研究[J].外语教学,2008(1):29-32.
[11]尚新.突显理论与汉英时体范畴的类型学差异[J].语言教学与研究,2004(6):10-18.
[12]尚新.论英汉语法体对语义体的运算及其句法层级选择性[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2011(6):6-12.