困窘与出路:检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的程序构建
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摘要
全国人大常委会关于修改民诉法、行诉法决定的出台,正式叩响检察公益诉讼案件进入司法制度的法律之门。然而,由于相关机制的缺位和法律规范的笼统性、片面化,检察公益诉讼制度在民事领域具有诸多缺乏可操作性的不当之处。本文通过启动模式、保障途径、证明机制、救济方式四方面来论述检察民事公益诉讼的程序构建,详细阐述了检察机关起诉的"初步证明材料"应参照举证责任的分配区分情形进行界定、公益诉讼基金的运转应根据被告对判决的履行情况及是否有修复工程来设定有针对性的合理程序,以及审判监督程序应采用申请再审而非抗诉的方式来启动等程序运转方面的新观点。
The promulgation of the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Civil Procedure Law and the Administrative Procedure Law, officially knocked the legal door for procuratorial public interest litigation cases to enter the judicial system. Whereas, due to the absence of relevant mechanisms and the generality and one-sidedness of legal norms, there are many inappropriate points in the procuratorial public interest litigation system in the civil field, which are lack of maneuverability. This paper discussed the procedure construction of procuratorial civil public interest litigation from four aspects: initiation mode, safeguard way, proof mechanism and relief way,elaborated on the new viewpoints on the procedure operation, such as, the "preliminary proof material"for prosecution by procuratorial organs should be defined according to the distribution and differentiation of burden of proof, the operation of the public interest litigation fund should be based on the defendant's performance of the judgment and whether there is a repair project to set up a targeted and reasonable procedure, and trial supervision procedure should be initiated by applying for retrial rather than protesting.
The promulgation of the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Civil Procedure Law and the Administrative Procedure Law, officially knocked the legal door for procuratorial public interest litigation cases to enter the judicial system. Whereas, due to the absence of relevant mechanisms and the generality and one-sidedness of legal norms, there are many inappropriate points in the procuratorial public interest litigation system in the civil field, which are lack of maneuverability. This paper discussed the procedure construction of procuratorial civil public interest litigation from four aspects: initiation mode, safeguard way, proof mechanism and relief way,elaborated on the new viewpoints on the procedure operation, such as, the "preliminary proof material"for prosecution by procuratorial organs should be defined according to the distribution and differentiation of burden of proof, the operation of the public interest litigation fund should be based on the defendant's performance of the judgment and whether there is a repair project to set up a targeted and reasonable procedure, and trial supervision procedure should be initiated by applying for retrial rather than protesting.
引文
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[3]重庆市璧山区人民检察院“检察机关提起公益诉讼制度研究”课题组.检察机关提起公益诉讼的制度建构[J].法制与社会,2016(27):30-32.
[4]李征.浅议检察机关提起公益诉讼的线索来源[N].民主与法制时报,2017-10-19(2).
[5]章秀华.对检察机关提起公益诉讼改革的检视———以民事公益诉讼立法的角度为例[J].管理观察,2016(8):22-24.
[6]胡永观. 2014年《环境保护法》的实施问题研究———2015年全国环境资源法学研讨会(年会)论文集[C].湖北:[出版者不详],2014.
[7]吴皎颐.论检察机关在食品安全民事公益诉讼中的角色和定位[D].上海:上海社会科学院,2017:31-33.
[8][意]莫诺.卡佩莱蒂.福利国家与接近正义[M].北京:法律出版社,2000.
[9][法]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神[M].北京:商务印书馆,2012.
[10]李睿贤.公益诉讼中检察机关权责配置研究[D].重庆:西南政法大学,2015.
[11]刘红.浅论我国检察机关提起反垄断民事公益诉讼制度及完善[J].法制与社会,2017(4):30-32.
[12][法]肯尼斯.戴维斯.裁量正义[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[2]张百灵.检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的困境与完善———以<人民检察院提起公益诉讼试点工作实施办法>为蓝本[J].江苏大学学报(社会科学版),2017(4):35-36.
[3]重庆市璧山区人民检察院“检察机关提起公益诉讼制度研究”课题组.检察机关提起公益诉讼的制度建构[J].法制与社会,2016(27):30-32.
[4]李征.浅议检察机关提起公益诉讼的线索来源[N].民主与法制时报,2017-10-19(2).
[5]章秀华.对检察机关提起公益诉讼改革的检视———以民事公益诉讼立法的角度为例[J].管理观察,2016(8):22-24.
[6]胡永观. 2014年《环境保护法》的实施问题研究———2015年全国环境资源法学研讨会(年会)论文集[C].湖北:[出版者不详],2014.
[7]吴皎颐.论检察机关在食品安全民事公益诉讼中的角色和定位[D].上海:上海社会科学院,2017:31-33.
[8][意]莫诺.卡佩莱蒂.福利国家与接近正义[M].北京:法律出版社,2000.
[9][法]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神[M].北京:商务印书馆,2012.
[10]李睿贤.公益诉讼中检察机关权责配置研究[D].重庆:西南政法大学,2015.
[11]刘红.浅论我国检察机关提起反垄断民事公益诉讼制度及完善[J].法制与社会,2017(4):30-32.
[12][法]肯尼斯.戴维斯.裁量正义[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.