基于词频分析法的中医营气卫气之论述
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摘要
目的研究《中华医典》中营、卫二字的分布特点和规律,以及营气、卫气的含义。方法以"营""营气""卫""卫气"等关键词进行检索,通过系统整理《中华医典》中涉及营、卫二字的论述,结合纳入标准和排除标准,建立语料库。基于词频分析法,结合计算机数据挖掘与统计技术,定量分析营、卫二字的分布特点及规律。结果在《中华医典》中,"卫"字出现的频次最高,为13085次,占四组关键词总频次比例为47. 17%,高于出现频次比例为35. 13%的"营"。"营气""卫气"在医经类书籍和综合医书类中的出现比例分别是:"营气"平均每本出现5. 37次和3. 14次,"卫气"平均每本出现11. 76次和8. 06次。综合文献分析与词频分析,营、卫二字的概念以军事题材为主。结论 "营""卫"在综合医书类、医经类文献中出现次数最多,"卫气"出现的频次高于"营气",营气、卫气是通过营居、卫戍的概念隐喻而成。
Objective To study the distribution characteristics of the two characters "Ying" and "Wei"in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese and the definition of"Yingqi"and"Weiqi". Methods We searched in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese by the keywords"Ying","Yingqi","Wei",and"Weiqi". Combined with the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,a corpus was established based on the systemic arrangement of the discussions of Yingqi and Weiqi. Combined with computer data mining and statistical technology,quantitative analysis of Yingqi and Weiqi about their distribution characteristics was conducted based on the word frequency analysis method. Results In the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese,the keyword"Wei"appeared with the highest frequency of 13085 times. The frequency of the keyword "Wei"accounted for 47. 17% of the total frequency of the four groups of keywords,which was higher than that of "Ying"with a frequency of 35. 13%. The percentages of Yingqi and Weiqi in the classical medical books and comprehensive medical books were: 5. 77 times and 3. 14 times per book for Yingqi,11. 76 times and 8. 06 times per book for Weiqi. Through the analysis of the literature and the corpus,the concepts of Yingqi and Weiqi were mainly involved in military context. Conclusion Yingqi and Weiqi have the highest occurrence frequency in the classical medical books and comprehensive medical books. The frequency of Weiqi was higher than that of Yingqi. The concepts of Yingqi and Weiqi were originated from the concepts of"Yingju( camping) "and"Weishu( defending) ".
Objective To study the distribution characteristics of the two characters "Ying" and "Wei"in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese and the definition of"Yingqi"and"Weiqi". Methods We searched in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese by the keywords"Ying","Yingqi","Wei",and"Weiqi". Combined with the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,a corpus was established based on the systemic arrangement of the discussions of Yingqi and Weiqi. Combined with computer data mining and statistical technology,quantitative analysis of Yingqi and Weiqi about their distribution characteristics was conducted based on the word frequency analysis method. Results In the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese,the keyword"Wei"appeared with the highest frequency of 13085 times. The frequency of the keyword "Wei"accounted for 47. 17% of the total frequency of the four groups of keywords,which was higher than that of "Ying"with a frequency of 35. 13%. The percentages of Yingqi and Weiqi in the classical medical books and comprehensive medical books were: 5. 77 times and 3. 14 times per book for Yingqi,11. 76 times and 8. 06 times per book for Weiqi. Through the analysis of the literature and the corpus,the concepts of Yingqi and Weiqi were mainly involved in military context. Conclusion Yingqi and Weiqi have the highest occurrence frequency in the classical medical books and comprehensive medical books. The frequency of Weiqi was higher than that of Yingqi. The concepts of Yingqi and Weiqi were originated from the concepts of"Yingju( camping) "and"Weishu( defending) ".
引文
[1]辜善治.张仲景营卫理论研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2017.
[2]潘云,王键.汪机“营卫一气说”的内涵深析[J].环球中医药,2016,9(1):86-89.
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[6]杨阳,李园白,亢力,等.基于主题词词频分析法的中草药研究热点分析[J].北京中医药,2013,32(12):915-916.
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[9]王盛隆,王强,孙增涛.基于《中华医典》文献挖掘的哮病组方用药规律初步研究[J].时珍国医国药,2017,28(3):761-763.
[10]朱敬,朱翰学.中医营气卫气与西医循环系统和神经系统的关系[J].中华中医药杂志,2016,31(10):4159-4161.
[11]周东浩,周明爱.营卫字义源流考析[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(10):3049-3051.
[12]程娜.营卫理论研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2014.
[13]侯冠群.《内经》卫气理论研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2016.
[14]赵俊先.现代免疫观与中医“正邪”理论探讨[J].临床医药实践,2008,35(s5):1021-1023.
[15]刘锋,刘浩.论《黄帝内经》之“正邪”[J].辽宁中医杂志,2011,54(12):2370-2371.
[2]潘云,王键.汪机“营卫一气说”的内涵深析[J].环球中医药,2016,9(1):86-89.
[3]刘沂潍,任玉兰,孙睿睿,等.基于古代文献研究的营卫刺法特点分析[J].云南中医中药杂志,2013,34(10):12-15.
[4]安兴茹.我国词频分析法的方法论研究(I)—统计分析要素的界定、分类及问题[J].情报杂志,2016,35(2):75-80.
[5]董雪燕,祁烁,姜苗,等.数据挖掘在中医药研究中的应用分析[J].环球中医药,2017,10(3):364-368.
[6]杨阳,李园白,亢力,等.基于主题词词频分析法的中草药研究热点分析[J].北京中医药,2013,32(12):915-916.
[7]张勤.词频分析法在学科发展动态研究中的应用综述[J].图书情报知识,2011,29(2):95-98.
[8]周玲娜,徐洁,万敏,等.近十年国内中医食疗研究热点的共词聚类分析[J].时珍国医国药,2014,25(4):983-985.
[9]王盛隆,王强,孙增涛.基于《中华医典》文献挖掘的哮病组方用药规律初步研究[J].时珍国医国药,2017,28(3):761-763.
[10]朱敬,朱翰学.中医营气卫气与西医循环系统和神经系统的关系[J].中华中医药杂志,2016,31(10):4159-4161.
[11]周东浩,周明爱.营卫字义源流考析[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(10):3049-3051.
[12]程娜.营卫理论研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2014.
[13]侯冠群.《内经》卫气理论研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2016.
[14]赵俊先.现代免疫观与中医“正邪”理论探讨[J].临床医药实践,2008,35(s5):1021-1023.
[15]刘锋,刘浩.论《黄帝内经》之“正邪”[J].辽宁中医杂志,2011,54(12):2370-2371.