基于透明土试验技术研究土体渗透特性进展
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摘要
根据国内外最新研究成果,综述了近年来基于透明土试验技术开展土体渗流特性研究的新进展。首先简述了透明土的试验原理以及几种常见透明土的特性和配制方法,重点分析了透明土与天然土体的相似性及其在研究土体渗流方面的优越性。通过对透明土试验技术与传统试验方法的比较,指出了利用透明土试验方法研究土体渗流场及渗透变形问题均可获得较好的结果,同时在研究土体中NAPL污染物运移分布方面也具有明显的优势。进一步提出,在土体渗流问题研究中,未来透明土试验技术的发展应该考虑重构三维空间的土体孔隙模型及解决土体多相耦合问题。
The experimental study on characteristics of soil permeability using transparent soil is reviewed. The experimental mechanism of transparent soil, the characteristics of the most common transparent soils and the mixing method are briefly introduced. The similarity between transparent soil and natural soil, the advantages of transparent soil experimental technique to study soil permeability are discussed. Comparing transparent soil experimental technique with traditional experimental method, better results could be obtained on soil seepage field and deformation by transparent soil experimental technique. It also shows great potential in study on the transportation and diffusion of NAPL pollution. The reconstruction of three-dimensional soil pore model should be used to reveal the multi-phase flows in soil in the future study.
The experimental study on characteristics of soil permeability using transparent soil is reviewed. The experimental mechanism of transparent soil, the characteristics of the most common transparent soils and the mixing method are briefly introduced. The similarity between transparent soil and natural soil, the advantages of transparent soil experimental technique to study soil permeability are discussed. Comparing transparent soil experimental technique with traditional experimental method, better results could be obtained on soil seepage field and deformation by transparent soil experimental technique. It also shows great potential in study on the transportation and diffusion of NAPL pollution. The reconstruction of three-dimensional soil pore model should be used to reveal the multi-phase flows in soil in the future study.
引文
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[2] 王宇, 李晓, 阙介民等. 基于CT图像灰度水平的孔隙率计算及应用[J]. 水利学报, 2015, 46(3): 357～365.Wang Yu, Li Xiao, Que Jiemin et al. A porosity calculation method based on CT images and its application[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 46(3): 357～365. (in Chinese)
[3] 孙伟, 吴爱祥, 侯克鹏等. 基于X-Ray CT试验的塌陷区回填体孔隙结构研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2017, 38(12): 3635～3642.Sun Wei, Wu Aixiang, Hou Kepeng et al. Application of X-Ray CT technology in the pore structure study of subsidence area backfilling body[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(12): 3635～3642. (in Chinese)
[4] 李杰林,周科平, 张亚民等. 基于核磁共振技术的岩石孔隙结构冻融损伤试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(6): 1208～1214.Li Jielin, Zhou Keping, Zhang Yamin et al. Experimental study of rock porous structure damage characteristics under condition of freezing-thawing cycles based on nuclear magnetic resonance technique[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(6): 1208～1214. (in Chinese)
[5] Huang W E, Smith C C, Lerner D N et al. Physical modelling of solute transport in porous media: Evaluation of an imaging technique using UV excited fluorescent dye[J]. Water Research, 2002,36(7): 1843～1853.
[6] Karadimitriou N K, Hassanizadeh S M. A review of micromodels and their use in two-phase flow studies[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2012, 11(3): 215～228.
[7] 石顺祥.物理光学与应用光学[M]. 西安: 电子科技大学出版社, 2000.Shi Shunxiang. Physical optics and applied optics[M]. Xi’an: University of Electronic Science and Technology Press, 2000. (in Chinese)
[8] Iskander M G, Liu J Y, Sadek S. Transparent amorphous silica to model clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2002, 128(3): 262～273.
[9] Fawzy M Ezzein, Richard J Bathurst. A new approach to evaluate soil-geosynthetic interaction using anovel pullout test apparatus and transparent granular soil[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2014,42: 246～255.
[10] Liu J Y, Iskander M G. Modelling capacity of transparent soil[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2010, 47(4): 451～460.
[11] Tabe Kazunori. Aquabeads to model the geotechnical behavior of natural soils[D]. New York: New York University, 2009.
[12] 吴明喜. 人工合成透明砂土及其三轴试验研究[D].大连理工大学,2006.Wu Mingxi. Study on transparent synthetic sand and its triaxial test[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2006. (in Chinese)
[13] 孔纲强, 刘璐, 刘汉龙等. 玻璃砂透明土变形特性三轴试验研究[J].岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(6): 1140～1146.Kong Gangqiang, Liu Lu, Liu Hanlong et al. Triaxial tests on deformation characteristics of transparent glass sand[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(6): 1140～1146. (in Chinese)
[14] 齐昌广, 陈永辉, 王新泉等. 细长桩屈曲的透明土物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(4): 838～848.Qi Changguang, Chen Yonghui, Wang Xinquan et al. Physical modeling experiment on buckling of slender piles in transparent soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(4): 828～838. (in Chinese)
[15] 曹兆虎, 孔纲强, 周航等. 基于透明土的静压楔形桩沉桩效应模型试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2015, 36 (5): 1363～1367.Cao Zhaohu, Kong Gangqiang, Zhou Hang et al. Model test on installation effect of tapered piles in transparent soils[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(5): 1363～1367. (in Chinese)
[16] Dijksman J A, Rietz F, Lorincz K A et al. Invited article: Refractive index matched scanning of dense granular materials[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012, 83(1): 011301.
[17] 高炳伦. 透明土土体变形测量系统中激光散斑图像的获取[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2015, 15(7): 229～233.Gao Binglun. The obtaining of laser speckle images in transparent soil deformation measure system[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2015, 15(7): 229～233. (in Chinese)
[18] Q Ni, Hird C C, Guymer I. Physical modelling of pile penetration in clay using transparent soil and particle image velocimetry[J]. Géotechnique, 2010, 60(2): 121～132.
[19] Ferreira J A Z, Zornberg J G. A transparent pullout testing device for 3D evaluation of soil-geogrid interaction[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2015, 38(5): 20140198.
[20] Sadek S, Iskander M G, Liu J Y. Geotechnical properties of transparent silica[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39(1): 111～124.
[21] Tabe K, Iskander M G, Honma S. Transparent aquabeads to visualize flow in porous material[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 239～242: 2602～2605.
[22] Ezzein F M, Bathurst R J. A transparent sand for geotechnical laboratory modeling[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2011, 34(6): 590～601.
[23] 孔纲强,张鑫蕊,许文傧等. 透明土中孔隙液体折射率、黏度系数与稳定性[J].水利水电科技进展, 2017, 37(4):25～29.Kong Gangqiang, Zhang Xinrui, Xu Wenbin et al. Refractive index, viscosity coefficient and stability of pore fluids in transparent soil[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2017, 37(4): 25～29. (in Chinese)
[24] 张仪萍, 李亮, 王思照. 透明土中孔隙流体的实验研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2014, 48(10): 1828～1834.Zhang Yiping, Li Liang, Wang Sizhao. Experimental study on pore fluid for forming transparent soil[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2014, 48(10): 1828～1834. (in Chinese)
[25] Suits L D, Sheahan T C, Zhao H et al. Low viscosity pore fluid to manufacture transparent soil[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2010, 33(6): 463～468.
[26] Iskander M G, Bathurst R J, Omidvar M. Past, present and future of transparent soils[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2015, 38(5): 393～401.
[27] 王大纯, 张人权, 史毅虹. 水文地质学基础[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1995.Wang Dachun, Zhang Renquan, Shi Yihong. The basis of hydrogeology[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1995. (in Chinese)
[28] 周健, 黄清林, 杜强等. 不同细粒含量下泥石流室内模型试验研究[J]. 工程勘察, 2017, 45(12): 1～8,14.Zhou Jian, Huang Qinglin, Du Qiang et al. Indoor model tests on debris flow with different fines content[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2017, 45(12): 1～8, 14. (in Chinese)
[29] Welker A, Bowders J, Gilbert R. Applied research using a transparent material with hydraulic properties similar to soil[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 1999, 22(3): 266～270.
[30] 孔纲强, 孙学谨, 刘汉龙等. 孔隙液体对透明土渗透特性影响对比试验[J]. 水利学报, 2017, 48(11): 1303～1310.Kong Gangqiang, Sun Xuejin, Liu Hanlong et al. Contrast experiments on permeability of transparent soil influenced by pore fluids[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2017, 48(11): 1303～1310. (in Chinese)
[31] Siemens G A, Peters S B, Take W A. Comparison of confined and unconfined infiltration in transparent porous media[J]. Water Resources Research, 2013, 49(2): 851～863.
[32] Siemens G A, Take W A, Peter S B. Physical and numerical modeling of infiltration including consideratio. [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2014, 51(12): 1475～1487.
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