手枪弹侵彻有防护仿生人体躯干靶标试验研究
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摘要
为了更好地研究钝击损伤机理,建立了"明胶-胸廓"仿生人体躯干,进而搭建了同步测试系统,开展手枪弹侵彻有防护人体靶标的试验研究。将压力传感器埋设在心脏和左肺部位,获得了人体典型位置受到枪弹钝击时这两个部位的动态压力特性;钝击心脏部位时心脏处的压力峰值达到了2.40 MPa,左肺处为1.30 MPa;弹着点在右肺部位时,传播至心脏和左肺的压力峰值分别为0.39 MPa和0.25 MPa;弹着点在肝脏部位时,传播至心脏和左肺的压力峰值大小相近,约为0.10 MPa。高速摄影拍摄到的侵彻过程表明,软质防弹衣会产生很大的瞬态凹陷,随后在人体靶标弹性能的作用下凹陷深度和范围又逐渐减小。被击中的防弹衣背部产生一个高度约3 cm的塑性鼓包。该研究可为钝击伤评估和防弹衣改进提供参考。
In order to study the damage mechanism of blunt impact, the"gelatin-thorax"bionic human torso was built firstly. Then, the synchronous test system was designed to study the pistol bullet penetrating into armor covered bionic human torso. Pressure sensors were buried in the position of the heart and left lung to get dynamic pressure characteristics of these two places. When the heart was under blunt impact, the peak pressure in the position of the heart reached 2.40 MPa, the peak pressure in the position of the left lung reached 1.30 MPa; When the impact point was at the right lung, the peak pressures, which spread to the positions of the heart and left lung, were 0.39 MPa and 0.25 MPa, respectively; When the impact point was at the liver, the peak pressures, which spread to the positions of the heart and left lung, were almost equal to 0.10 MPa. The penetration process captured by a high-speed camera, presented that the soft body armor occurred very large transient deformations and then spring back with the elastic deformation of human torso. A 3 cm height plastic bulge was formed on the back face of the soft armor. These results can provide references to blunt trauma evaluation and body armor design.
In order to study the damage mechanism of blunt impact, the"gelatin-thorax"bionic human torso was built firstly. Then, the synchronous test system was designed to study the pistol bullet penetrating into armor covered bionic human torso. Pressure sensors were buried in the position of the heart and left lung to get dynamic pressure characteristics of these two places. When the heart was under blunt impact, the peak pressure in the position of the heart reached 2.40 MPa, the peak pressure in the position of the left lung reached 1.30 MPa; When the impact point was at the right lung, the peak pressures, which spread to the positions of the heart and left lung, were 0.39 MPa and 0.25 MPa, respectively; When the impact point was at the liver, the peak pressures, which spread to the positions of the heart and left lung, were almost equal to 0.10 MPa. The penetration process captured by a high-speed camera, presented that the soft body armor occurred very large transient deformations and then spring back with the elastic deformation of human torso. A 3 cm height plastic bulge was formed on the back face of the soft armor. These results can provide references to blunt trauma evaluation and body armor design.
引文
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[15]徐诚,陈菁,张起宽,等.步枪弹对复合防护人体上躯干冲击有限元分析[J].弹道学报,2014(3):92-97.XU Cheng,CHEN Jing,ZHANG Qikuan,et al.Finite element analysis of the impact of rifle shells on composite protective torso[J].Journal of Ballistics,2014(3):92-97.
[16]董萍,陈菁,张启宽,等.利用有限元研究非贯穿弹道冲击防弹衣后人体躯干的力学响应[J].医用生物力学,2012,27(3):270-275.DONG Pin,CHEN Jing,ZHANG Qikuan,et al.Using finite element method to study the mechanical response of torso with bullet-proof vest under non through ballistic impact[J].Medical Biomechanics,2012,27(3):270-275.
[17]CAI Z H,LAN F C,CHEN J Q,et al.Development and validation for finite element model of human thorax based on automotive impact injuries[J].Journal of Medical Biomechanics,2013,28(1):36-43.
[18]JUSSILA J.Preparing ballistic gelatin-review and proposal for a standard method[J].Forensic Science International,2004,141(2/3):91-98.
[2]KNEUBUEHL B P,COUPLAND R M,ROTHSCHILD M A,et al.Wound ballistics:basics and applications[M].New York:Spinger-Verlag Gmb H,2011.
[3]MAIDEN N.Historical overview of wound ballistics research[J].Forensic Science Medicine&Pathology,2009,5(2):85-90.
[4]杨志焕,张均奎,王正国,等.复合材料对冲击伤防护效应的试验研究[J].西南国防医学,1994,4(3):129-130.YANG Zhihuan,ZHANG Junkui,WANG Zhengguo,et al.Protective effects for composite materials on blast injuries in dogs[J].Mediacal Journal of National Defending Forces in Southwest China,1994,4(3):129-130.
[5]咸兴平,刘禄胜,于静.防弹衣的防护机理及防护性能分析[J].中国个体防护装备,2007(2):22-28.XIAN Xingping,LIU Lusheng,YU Jing.Analysis of protective mechanism and protective property of bulletpro of clothes[J].China Personal Protection Equipment,2007(2):22-28.
[6]BIR C.Development of biomechanical response corridors of the thorax to blunt ballistic impacts[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2004,37(1):73-79.
[7]苏正林,许民辉,赖西南,等.枪弹射击致防弹衣后长白猪远达脑组织损伤特点及其机制[J].第三军医大学学报,2011,33(19):1995-1999.SU Zhenglin,XU Minhui,LAI Xinan,et al.Characteristics and mechanism of behind armour blunt trauma in Landrace brain[J].Journal of Third Military Medical University,2011,33(19):1995-1999.
[8]曾鑫,周克栋,赫雷,等.非侵彻条件下猪体和明胶靶内压力衰减试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(8):96-99.ZENG Xin,ZHOU Kedong,HE Lei,et al.Test for pressure attenuation in targetd of landrace and gelatin under nonpenetration condition[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(8):96-99.
[9]黄艺峰.手枪弹击中防弹头盔致颅脑损伤特点及机理的实验研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2012.
[10]黄珊,王浩圣,王舒,等.典型小口径枪弹侵彻明胶压力波特性的实验研究[J].弹道学报,2013,5(1):62-67.HUANG Shan,WANG Haosheng,WANG Shu,et al.Experimental study on pressure-wave charaters in the process of typical small-caliber bullet penetrating gelatin[J].Ballistics Journal,2013,5(1):62-67.
[11]KOENE L,PAPY A.Experimental and numerical study of the impact of spherical projectiles on ballistic gelatin at velocities up to 160 m/s[C]∥Proceedings of 25th International Symposium on Ballistics.Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2010.
[12]WEN Y K,XU C,WANG S,et al.Analysis of behind the armor ballistic trauma[J].Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials,2015,45:11.
[13]LUO S,XU C,WANG S,et al.Transient pressure wave in the behind armor blunt trauma:experimental and computational investigation[J].Computer Methods in Biomechanics&Biomedical Engineering,2016,20(3):308-318.
[14]ROBERTS J C,MERKLE A C,BIERMANN P J,et al.Computational and experimental models of the human torso for non-penetrating ballistic impact[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2007,40(1):125-136.
[15]徐诚,陈菁,张起宽,等.步枪弹对复合防护人体上躯干冲击有限元分析[J].弹道学报,2014(3):92-97.XU Cheng,CHEN Jing,ZHANG Qikuan,et al.Finite element analysis of the impact of rifle shells on composite protective torso[J].Journal of Ballistics,2014(3):92-97.
[16]董萍,陈菁,张启宽,等.利用有限元研究非贯穿弹道冲击防弹衣后人体躯干的力学响应[J].医用生物力学,2012,27(3):270-275.DONG Pin,CHEN Jing,ZHANG Qikuan,et al.Using finite element method to study the mechanical response of torso with bullet-proof vest under non through ballistic impact[J].Medical Biomechanics,2012,27(3):270-275.
[17]CAI Z H,LAN F C,CHEN J Q,et al.Development and validation for finite element model of human thorax based on automotive impact injuries[J].Journal of Medical Biomechanics,2013,28(1):36-43.
[18]JUSSILA J.Preparing ballistic gelatin-review and proposal for a standard method[J].Forensic Science International,2004,141(2/3):91-98.