以Cone为例看多义词语义网络
|
摘要
多义词一直处于词汇语义研究的中心地位。原则性多义分析法是目前认知语言学最具解释力的多义研究模式。形状名词cone的词典释义相对简单,但实际使用中,语义层出不穷。我们以cone的语义为研究对象,采用原则性多义分析法,建构其语义网络,通过分析义项的语义距离、语义关系、语义延伸,探讨了原则性多义分析法的利弊。语义网络分析法产生的是一维语义原型图,没能采用多变量统计模式来捕捉语义关系的复杂性,没有建构基于使用频率的复杂的语义关系多维度网络。语义网络对语义理论和语义应用意义重大,诸如词典编纂和翻译。
Polysemy has been central to the work on lexical semantics. Principled polysemy approach has been the most explanatory model of polysemy. Cone,a noun of form,has simple entries in dictionary,but various semantic meanings in use. This paper takes the semantic meanings of cone as the research object,adopts the principled polysemy approach to construct its semantic network,analyzes the semantic distance,semantic relation,as well as sense extension,and eventually has a further discussion on the pros and cons of the principled polysemy approach. The semantic network analysis produces prototype maps of meaning upon one semantic dimension. It neither adopts multivariate statistic model to capture the complexity of semantic relation,nor produces a frequency-based and complex multidimensional network of sense relations. It is of great significance both in semantic theory and semantic applications,such as lexicography or translation.
Polysemy has been central to the work on lexical semantics. Principled polysemy approach has been the most explanatory model of polysemy. Cone,a noun of form,has simple entries in dictionary,but various semantic meanings in use. This paper takes the semantic meanings of cone as the research object,adopts the principled polysemy approach to construct its semantic network,analyzes the semantic distance,semantic relation,as well as sense extension,and eventually has a further discussion on the pros and cons of the principled polysemy approach. The semantic network analysis produces prototype maps of meaning upon one semantic dimension. It neither adopts multivariate statistic model to capture the complexity of semantic relation,nor produces a frequency-based and complex multidimensional network of sense relations. It is of great significance both in semantic theory and semantic applications,such as lexicography or translation.
引文
[1]黄月华,潘卫民.认知语言学中的多义研究模式及其评价[J].外语研究,2012(4):24-29.
[2]Evans,Vyvyan.The Meaning of time:Polysemy,the Lexicon and Conceptual Structure[J].Journal of Linguistics,2005(41):33-75.
[3]Lipka,Leonard.An Outline of English Lexicology[M].Tübingen:Max Niemeyer Verlag,1992.
[4]Lyons,John.Semantics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1977.
[5]Lyons,John.Language,Meaning and Context[M].Bungay:Fontana Paperbacks,1981.
[6]Lyons,John.Linguistics Semantics:An Introduction[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[7]Jackson,Howard and Etienne ZéAmwela.Words,Meaning and Vocabulary(2nd edition)[M].London-New York:Continuum,2007.
[8]Dirven,Renee.Metaphors of Spatial Relations[C]//J Hasler(ed.)Anglistentag Trier.Frankfurt:Lang,1981:63-91.
[9]Lindner,Sue.A Lexico-semantic Analysis of Verb-particle Constructions with Up and Out[D].Indiana University Linguistics Club,1983.
[10]Brugman,Claudia.The Story of Over:Polysemy,Semantics,and the Structure of the Lexicon[M].New York:Garland Publishing,1988.
[11]Lakoff,George.Women,Fire and Dangerous Things:What Categories Reveal about the Mind?[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987.
[12]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.The Semantics of English Prepositions:Spatial Scenes,Embodied Meaning and Cognition[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[13]Nerlich,Brigitte.&Zane,Todd.Polysemy:Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language[C]//Vimala Herman&David D.Clarke(eds.).Trends in Linguistics.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2003.
[14]Croft,William and D.Alan Cruse.Cognitive Linguistics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004:109-140.
[15]Evans,Vyvyan and Melanie Green.Cognitive Linguistics:An Introduction[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2006:328-361.
[16]Evans,Vyvyan.A Glossary of Cognitive Linguistics[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2007.
[17]Langacker,Ronald.Foundations of Cognitive Grammar:Vol.I[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1987.
[18]Langacker,Ronald.Concept,Image and Symbol[M].Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,1991a.
[19]Langacker,Ronald.Foundations of Cognitive Grammar:Vol.II[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1991b.
[20]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.The Relation between Experience,Conceptual Structure and Meaning:Non-temporal Uses of Tense and Language Teaching[C]//Putz,Martin.Dirven,Rene.'&Niemeier,Susanne(eds.),Applied Cognitive Linguistics.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2001a:63-108.
[21]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.Reconsidering Prepositional Polysemy Networks:the Case of Over[J].Language,2001b(77):724-765.
[22]Evans,Vyvyan.The Structure of Time:Language,Meaning and Temporal Cognition[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2004.
[23]Evans,Vyvyan&Tyler,Andrea.Spatial Experience,Lexical Structure and Motivation:the Case of In[C]//Radden,Günter&Panther,Klaus-Uwe(eds.),Linguistic Studies in Motivation.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2004:157-192.
[24]Evans,Vyvyan&Green,Melanie.Cognitive Linguistics:an Introduction[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2005.
[25]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.Reconsidering Prepositional Polysemy Networks:the Case of Over[J].Language,2001b(77):724-765.
[26]Glynn,Dylan.Polysemy,Syntax,and Variation:a Usagebased Method for Cognitive Semantics[C]//V.Evans&S.Pourcel(eds.),New Directions in Cognitive Linguistics.Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins,2009:77-106.
[27]Geeraerts,D.The Definitional Practice of Dictionaries and the Cognitive Semantic Conception of Polysemy[J].Lexicographica,2001(17):6-21.
[28]Grady,Joseph.Foundations of Meaning:Primary Metaphors and Primary Scenes[D].UC Berkeley,1997.
[29]Grady,Joseph.A Typology of Motivation for Conceptual Metaphor:Correlation vs.Resemblance[C]//Gibbs,R.&Steen,G.(eds.),Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics.Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1999:79-100.
[30]Hopper,Perry.Jr.&Elizabeth Closs Traugott.Grammaticalization[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1993.
[31]林正军,杨忠.一词多义现象的历时和认知解析[J].外语教学与研究,2005(5):362-367.
[32]田兵.多义词的认知语义框架与词典使用者的接受视野[J].现代外语,2004(4):340-351.
[33]李安.多义词义项的语义关系及其对词义消歧的影响[J].语言文字应用,2014(1):17-29.
[34]Goldberg,Adele.Constructions:A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1995.
[35]Pustejovsky,James.The Generative Lexicon[M].Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1995.
[36]Lakoff,George&Johnson,Mark.Metaphors We Live by[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980.
[37]Zelinsky-Wibbelt,Cornelia.Discourse and the Continuity of Reference:Representing Mental Categorization[M].Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2000.
[2]Evans,Vyvyan.The Meaning of time:Polysemy,the Lexicon and Conceptual Structure[J].Journal of Linguistics,2005(41):33-75.
[3]Lipka,Leonard.An Outline of English Lexicology[M].Tübingen:Max Niemeyer Verlag,1992.
[4]Lyons,John.Semantics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1977.
[5]Lyons,John.Language,Meaning and Context[M].Bungay:Fontana Paperbacks,1981.
[6]Lyons,John.Linguistics Semantics:An Introduction[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[7]Jackson,Howard and Etienne ZéAmwela.Words,Meaning and Vocabulary(2nd edition)[M].London-New York:Continuum,2007.
[8]Dirven,Renee.Metaphors of Spatial Relations[C]//J Hasler(ed.)Anglistentag Trier.Frankfurt:Lang,1981:63-91.
[9]Lindner,Sue.A Lexico-semantic Analysis of Verb-particle Constructions with Up and Out[D].Indiana University Linguistics Club,1983.
[10]Brugman,Claudia.The Story of Over:Polysemy,Semantics,and the Structure of the Lexicon[M].New York:Garland Publishing,1988.
[11]Lakoff,George.Women,Fire and Dangerous Things:What Categories Reveal about the Mind?[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987.
[12]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.The Semantics of English Prepositions:Spatial Scenes,Embodied Meaning and Cognition[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[13]Nerlich,Brigitte.&Zane,Todd.Polysemy:Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language[C]//Vimala Herman&David D.Clarke(eds.).Trends in Linguistics.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2003.
[14]Croft,William and D.Alan Cruse.Cognitive Linguistics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004:109-140.
[15]Evans,Vyvyan and Melanie Green.Cognitive Linguistics:An Introduction[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2006:328-361.
[16]Evans,Vyvyan.A Glossary of Cognitive Linguistics[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2007.
[17]Langacker,Ronald.Foundations of Cognitive Grammar:Vol.I[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1987.
[18]Langacker,Ronald.Concept,Image and Symbol[M].Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,1991a.
[19]Langacker,Ronald.Foundations of Cognitive Grammar:Vol.II[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1991b.
[20]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.The Relation between Experience,Conceptual Structure and Meaning:Non-temporal Uses of Tense and Language Teaching[C]//Putz,Martin.Dirven,Rene.'&Niemeier,Susanne(eds.),Applied Cognitive Linguistics.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2001a:63-108.
[21]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.Reconsidering Prepositional Polysemy Networks:the Case of Over[J].Language,2001b(77):724-765.
[22]Evans,Vyvyan.The Structure of Time:Language,Meaning and Temporal Cognition[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2004.
[23]Evans,Vyvyan&Tyler,Andrea.Spatial Experience,Lexical Structure and Motivation:the Case of In[C]//Radden,Günter&Panther,Klaus-Uwe(eds.),Linguistic Studies in Motivation.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2004:157-192.
[24]Evans,Vyvyan&Green,Melanie.Cognitive Linguistics:an Introduction[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2005.
[25]Tyler,Andrea&Evans,Vyvyan.Reconsidering Prepositional Polysemy Networks:the Case of Over[J].Language,2001b(77):724-765.
[26]Glynn,Dylan.Polysemy,Syntax,and Variation:a Usagebased Method for Cognitive Semantics[C]//V.Evans&S.Pourcel(eds.),New Directions in Cognitive Linguistics.Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins,2009:77-106.
[27]Geeraerts,D.The Definitional Practice of Dictionaries and the Cognitive Semantic Conception of Polysemy[J].Lexicographica,2001(17):6-21.
[28]Grady,Joseph.Foundations of Meaning:Primary Metaphors and Primary Scenes[D].UC Berkeley,1997.
[29]Grady,Joseph.A Typology of Motivation for Conceptual Metaphor:Correlation vs.Resemblance[C]//Gibbs,R.&Steen,G.(eds.),Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics.Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1999:79-100.
[30]Hopper,Perry.Jr.&Elizabeth Closs Traugott.Grammaticalization[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1993.
[31]林正军,杨忠.一词多义现象的历时和认知解析[J].外语教学与研究,2005(5):362-367.
[32]田兵.多义词的认知语义框架与词典使用者的接受视野[J].现代外语,2004(4):340-351.
[33]李安.多义词义项的语义关系及其对词义消歧的影响[J].语言文字应用,2014(1):17-29.
[34]Goldberg,Adele.Constructions:A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1995.
[35]Pustejovsky,James.The Generative Lexicon[M].Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1995.
[36]Lakoff,George&Johnson,Mark.Metaphors We Live by[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980.
[37]Zelinsky-Wibbelt,Cornelia.Discourse and the Continuity of Reference:Representing Mental Categorization[M].Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2000.