作为评价手段的构式X+BE+being+ADJ
摘要
评价理论自20世纪90年代提出以来显示出强大的生命力,但也因主要把研究重点放在词汇层面而受到质疑。本研究借助美国当代英语语料库,研究X+BE+being+ADJ构式的语义和语用特征,指出词汇并非评价资源的唯一手段,构式同样具有评价功能。研究发现,评价构式X+BE+being+ADJ以行为判断为语义原型,并拓展出情感评价的边缘语义。评价构式X+BE+being+ADJ本身及其与介入和极差的互动均指向礼貌性语用动因,彰显了构式句法、语义、语用之间水乳交融、不可分割的关系。
引文
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[31]Thompson,G.Introducing Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold,1996.
1 A little列还包括a little bit、a bit、a tad;entirely列还包括totally、utterly、exceedingly、completely、fully、extremely、tremendously、absolutely、perfectly。
[2]路式成.谈谈“be”动词的进行时态[J].外语与外语教学,1999,(5):15-16.
[3]王振华.评价系统及其运作——系统功能语言学的新发展[J].外国语,2001,(6):13-20.
[4]王振华.“物质过程”的评价价值——以分析小说人物形象为例[J].外国语,2004,(5):41-47.
[5]王振华,马玉蕾.评价理论:魅力与困惑[J].外语教学,2007,(6):19-23.
[6]于柏祥.试论be+being+补语结构[J].四川外语学院学报,1995,(4):31-35.
[7]袁邦株,李雪.语篇评价研究的4种视角[J].外语学刊,2013,(5):41-55.
[8]严辰松.构式语法论要[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2006,(4):6-11.
[9]张道真.现代英语用法词典[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1983.
[10]Aijmer,K.English Discourse Particles:Evidence from a Corpus[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2002.
[11]Biber,D.University Language:A Corpus-Based Study of Spoken and Written Registers[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2006.
[12]Caldas-Coulthard,C.R.On reporting reporting:The representation of speech in factual and fictional narratives[C]//M.Coulthard.Advances in Written Text Analysis.London:Routledge,1994:295-308.
[13]Chafe,W.&J.Nichols.Evidentiality:The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology[C].Norwood,NJ:Ablex,1986.
[14]Goldberg,A.E.Constructions:A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1995.
[15]Goldberg,A.E.Constructions at Work:The Nature of Generalization in Language[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006.
[16]Halliday,M.A.K.&M.I.M.Matthiessen.An Introduction to Functional Grammar(3rdEd.)[M].London:Hodder Arnold,2004.
[17]Hunston,S.Corpus Approaches to Evaluation[M].London:Routledge,2011.
[18]Hunston,S.&J.M.Sinclair.A local grammar of evaluation[C]//S.Hunston&G.Thompson.Evalution in Text:Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000:74-101.
[19]Hyland,K.Academic attribution:Citation and the construction of disciplinary knowledge[J].Applied Linguistics,1999,20(3):341-367.
[20]Hyland,K.Metadiscourse:Exploring Interaction in Writing[M].London:Continuum,2005.
[21]Jespersen,O.Modern English Grammar:On Historical Principles[M].Gopenhagen:Einar Munksgaard,1949.
[22]Kitagawa,C.&A.Lehrer.Impersonal uses of personal pronouns[J].Journal of Pragmatics,1990,14(5):739-759.
[23]Langacker,R.W.Grammar and Conceptulization[M].New York:Mouton de Gruyter,1999.
[24]Martin,J.R.Introduction[J].Text,2003,23(2):171-181.
[25]Martin,J.R.&D.Rose.Working with Discourse:Meaning Beyond the Clause[M].London:Bloomsbury,2003.
[26]Martin,J.R.&P.R.R.White.The Language of Evaluation:Appraisal in English[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2008.
[27]Palmer,F.R.Mood and Modality[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1986.
[28]Precht,K.Stance moods in spoken English:Evidentiality and affect in British and American conversation[J].Text,2003,23(2):239-257.
[29]Quirk,R.,S.Greenbaum,G.Leech&J.Svartvik.A Grammar of Contemporary English[M].London:Longman,1972.
[30]Quirk,R.,S.Greenbaum,G.Leech&J.Svartvik.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M].London:Longman,1985.
[31]Thompson,G.Introducing Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold,1996.
1 A little列还包括a little bit、a bit、a tad;entirely列还包括totally、utterly、exceedingly、completely、fully、extremely、tremendously、absolutely、perfectly。