汉英词典评论研究:现状分析与结构描述
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摘要
汉英词典评论对汉英词典编纂及整个双语词典批评的发展都有着至关重要的作用。文章基于文献统计与计量分析,从评价主体、评价内容及评价范式和路径三个方面,涵盖评论者身份、评价目的、原则和标准等内容,深入分析了汉英词典评论的现状,发现目前汉英词典评论以介绍描述为主,评价性特征不足,用户需求关注不够。此外,还存在评价目的不明确,评价标准不清晰和评价术语混用等问题,而且评价原则的客观性和评价方法的科学性等有待进一步加强。文章认为应该充分考虑词典用户的需求,积极反思汉英词典所存在的不足,秉承其评价性的根本特征进行科学客观的评价。
Chinese-English( C-E) dictionary reviews are pivotal in C-E dictionary compilation and bilingual dictionary criticism. Based on the current literature and statistical analysis,this paper reveals the status quo of C-E dictionary reviews from three aspects: the subject of evaluation,the content under evaluation and the paradigm and route of evaluation,involving eight factors such as authorship,evaluation purposes,principles and criteria,etc. It is found that the reviews surveyed are mainly introductory and descriptive,instead of evaluative and the users' needs are not well embodied in these reviews. Moreover,some inadequacies of the reviews,such as implicitness in purpose,unclearness in criterion and vagueness in terminology need to be improved,and so are the objectivity of the evaluation principle and the scientificness of the evaluation method. This study argues that it is necessary to follow the fundamental evaluative features to have a scientific and objective evaluation of C-E dictionaries based on the users' needs and reflections on dictionaries' deficiencies.
Chinese-English( C-E) dictionary reviews are pivotal in C-E dictionary compilation and bilingual dictionary criticism. Based on the current literature and statistical analysis,this paper reveals the status quo of C-E dictionary reviews from three aspects: the subject of evaluation,the content under evaluation and the paradigm and route of evaluation,involving eight factors such as authorship,evaluation purposes,principles and criteria,etc. It is found that the reviews surveyed are mainly introductory and descriptive,instead of evaluative and the users' needs are not well embodied in these reviews. Moreover,some inadequacies of the reviews,such as implicitness in purpose,unclearness in criterion and vagueness in terminology need to be improved,and so are the objectivity of the evaluation principle and the scientificness of the evaluation method. This study argues that it is necessary to follow the fundamental evaluative features to have a scientific and objective evaluation of C-E dictionaries based on the users' needs and reflections on dictionaries' deficiencies.
引文
1.鲍克怡.欺世之作《语言大典》剖析.辞书研究,1993(3):43-68.
2.陈楚祥.词典评价标准十题.辞书研究,1994(1):10-21.
3.陈伟,张柏然.认知观:词典研究范式的归向.外语与外语教学,2007(10):59-62.
4.陈忠诚.《当代新编汉英词典》初评.四川外语学院学报,2003(5):154-156.
5.陈忠诚.为2002年版《新时代汉英词典》指误.四川外语学院学报,2005(2):113-115.
6.丁炳福.试论汉英词典的词性标注.辞书研究,2002(6):61-67.
7.顾雪梁.汉英词典的编纂及其多元体例探索.外国语,1994(2):77-79.
8.何家宁.英汉汉英商务口译学习词典编纂原则.外语教学理论与实践,2014(1):76,82-84.
9.胡文飞,章宜华.基于用户视角的汉英词典意义表征能力调查.外语研究,2011(3):78-84.
10.胡文飞,周君.主流汉英词典的意义表征现状分析:基于微观结构的实证研究.外语研究,2012(4):52-58.
11.胡文飞.常态与拓展:汉英学习词典多维表征模式的构建.外国语,2013(2):50-57.
12.江蓝生.《现代汉语词典》第6版概述.辞书研究,2013(2):1-19.
13.姜治文,文军.关于拓展双语词典批评领域的思考.外国语,1998(6):66-70.
14.焦瑞娟.内向型汉英词典中动词词目英语对应词辨析问题初探.辞书研究,2013(3):42-50.
15.李安兴.理想与现实之间的一种选择---关于平行语料库建设及其使用的几点思考.辞书研究,2006(1):115-120.
16.李安兴.“无师自通”的译义.辞书研究,2010(2):184-185.
17.李翔.《汉英词典》(第3版)词类标注评析.辞书研究,2013(5):53-59.
18.罗思明,曹杰旺.词典批评类型与理论构建.山东外语教学,2006(5):60-63.
19.马启俊.词典批评和词典的客观性.辞书研究,2009(5):62-64.
20.梅俊杰.评《汉英词典》的立目、释义和配例.外语与外语教学(大连外国语学院学报),1999(2):42-44.
21.孟伟根.成语翻译也应懂点科技知识.中国翻译,1993(1):54-55.
22.孟伟根.我国各民族名称的英译问题.辞书研究,2006(4):57-63.
23.秦晓惠.十载耕耘,光辉绽放---《汉英词典》第三版评析.辞书研究,2011(6):125-133.
24.王逢鑫.汉英词典的上乘精品---介绍《新时代汉英大词典》.外语教学与研究,2002(2):146-148.
25.王仁强.《汉英词典》(第三版)词类标注研究.中国外语,2012(4):98-102.
26.王仁强,章宜华.汉英词典词类标注对译义准确性的影响调查.现代外语,2006(2):139-146.
27.王宗炎.评《汉英词典》修订版.外语教学与研究,1996(2):49-53.
28.魏向清.关于构建双语词典批评理论体系的思考.外语与外语教学,2001(1):59-61.
29.魏向清.研究范式的转变与现代双语词典批评的新思维.外语与外语教学,2005(4):53-56.
30.魏向清.一部颇具创新特色的实用汉英翻译工具书---评《史氏汉英翻译大词典》.辞书研究,2007(4):93-102.
31.魏向清.基于汉语词汇认知内隐性研究的外向型汉英学习词典微观设计.外语与外语教学,2008(9):51-54.
32.巫和雄.谈“炒作”的英译.辞书研究,2010(5):186-189.
33.吴建平.内向型汉英词典的字母词收录、释义、排序问题---兼评《新时代汉英大词典》和《新世纪汉英大词典》.辞书研究,2011(5):44-56.
34.吴景荣.On Chinese-English Dictionaries.外国语(上海外国语学院学报),1991(4):64-74.
35.吴景荣.评1979年版《汉英词典》.外语教学与研究,1992(3):57-59.
36.吴文子.从四方面比较三部汉英词典的译文.山东外语教学,2006(1):105-108.
37.伍铁平.从“俄”字头条目的释义看《语言大典》.辞书研究,1993(5):89-92.
38.武继红.辞书理论研究初探.南京理工大学学报,1999(2):44-46.
39.武继红.论学习词典批评中的读者意识.广东外语外贸大学学报,2004(4):41-46.
40.徐海.汉英词典“过时”词例的修订.辞书研究,2005(1):88-93.
41.徐祖友.辞书评论漫议.辞书研究,2003(1):10-20,37.
42.姚小平.论汉英词典的语法信息---六部汉英词典的比较.外语教学与研究,2002(2):141-145.
43.章宜华,黄建华.关于双语词典评奖的几点思考.辞书研究,2000(4):65-72.
44.章宜华,雍和明.当代词典学.北京:商务印书馆,2007.
45.赵刚.谈谈《新世纪汉英大词典》在例证方面的创新.外语教学,2004a(4):94-96.
46.赵刚.立足实用,努力创新---编纂《新世纪汉英大词典》点滴谈.辞书研究,2004b(6):117-125.
47.赵刚.就《新世纪汉英大词典》的评论与赫迎红先生商榷.辞书研究,2010(1):128-136.
48.曾东京.双语语文词典批评研究.上海:上海大学出版社,2009.
49.曾泰元.语料库与汉英词典编纂.辞书研究,2005(1):79-87.
50.邹酆.辞书学丛稿.武汉:崇文书局,2004.
51.Battenburg J.English Monolingual Learners’Dictionaries:A User-Oriented Study.∥Lexicographica Series Maior 39.Tubingen:Max Niemeyer,1991.
52.Bogaards P.Dictionaries for Learners of English.International Journal of Lexicography,1996(4):277-320.
53.Bo Svensén.A Handbook of Lexicography.New York:Cambridge University Press,2009.
54.Chan A C,Loong Y.Establishing Criteria for Evaluating a Learner’s Dictionary.∥Berry R,Asker B,Hyland K.et al.(eds.)Language Analysis,Description and Pedagogy.Hong Kong:The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,1999:298-307.
55.Chan A Y W,Taylor A.Evaluating Learner Dictionaries:What the Reviews Say.International Journal of Lexicography,2001(3):163-180.
56.De Schryver G-M.Concurrent Over-and Under-treatment in Dictionaries:The Woordeboek of Afrikaanse Taal as a Case in Point.International Journal of Lexicography,2005(1):47-75.
57.Dretzke B.Moderneenglisch-englischeL ernerwrterbücher:Beurteilungskriterien.Fremd-sprachenunterricht,1997(3):218-223.
58.Hartmann R R K.(ed.)Lexicography:Principles and Practice.London and New York:Academic Press,1983.
59.Hartmann R R K.Teaching and Researching Lexicography.London:Person Education Limited,2001.
60.Hyland K.Disciplinary Discourses:Social Interactions in Academic Writing.Harlow:Pearson Education,2000.
61.Jackson H.Lexicography:An Introduction.London/New York:Routledge,2002.
62.Nakamoto K.Establishing Criteria for Dictionary Criticism:A Checklist for Reviewers of Monolingual English Learner’s Dictionaries.M.A.Thesis.Exeter:University of Exeter,1994.
63.Nielsen S.Reviewing Printed and Electronic Dictionaries:A Theoretical and Practical Framework.∥Nielsen S,Sven T.Lexicography in the 21th Century.Amsterdam&Philadelphia:John Benjamins B.V,2009:23-41.
64.Renkema J.Over Smaakvaltgoedtetwisten.Taalbeheersing,1996(4):324-338.
65.Steiner R.Guidelines for Reviewers of Bilingual Dictionaries.Dictionaries 6,1984:166-181.
66.Swanepoel P.Towards a Framework for the Description and Evaluation of Dictionary Evaluation Criteria.Lexikos 2008(18):207-231.
67.Tomaszczyk J.The Bilingual Dictionary under Review.∥Snell-Hornby M.(ed.).Züri LEX'86Proceedings.Tübingen:Francke Verlag,1986:289-297.
68.Zhao Gang,Pan Shaozhong.(ed.)New Age Chinese-English Dictionary(2nd edition).International Journal of Lexicography,2014(4):435-451.
69.Zhao Gang.The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary.International Journal of Lexicography,2015(1):107-123.
2.陈楚祥.词典评价标准十题.辞书研究,1994(1):10-21.
3.陈伟,张柏然.认知观:词典研究范式的归向.外语与外语教学,2007(10):59-62.
4.陈忠诚.《当代新编汉英词典》初评.四川外语学院学报,2003(5):154-156.
5.陈忠诚.为2002年版《新时代汉英词典》指误.四川外语学院学报,2005(2):113-115.
6.丁炳福.试论汉英词典的词性标注.辞书研究,2002(6):61-67.
7.顾雪梁.汉英词典的编纂及其多元体例探索.外国语,1994(2):77-79.
8.何家宁.英汉汉英商务口译学习词典编纂原则.外语教学理论与实践,2014(1):76,82-84.
9.胡文飞,章宜华.基于用户视角的汉英词典意义表征能力调查.外语研究,2011(3):78-84.
10.胡文飞,周君.主流汉英词典的意义表征现状分析:基于微观结构的实证研究.外语研究,2012(4):52-58.
11.胡文飞.常态与拓展:汉英学习词典多维表征模式的构建.外国语,2013(2):50-57.
12.江蓝生.《现代汉语词典》第6版概述.辞书研究,2013(2):1-19.
13.姜治文,文军.关于拓展双语词典批评领域的思考.外国语,1998(6):66-70.
14.焦瑞娟.内向型汉英词典中动词词目英语对应词辨析问题初探.辞书研究,2013(3):42-50.
15.李安兴.理想与现实之间的一种选择---关于平行语料库建设及其使用的几点思考.辞书研究,2006(1):115-120.
16.李安兴.“无师自通”的译义.辞书研究,2010(2):184-185.
17.李翔.《汉英词典》(第3版)词类标注评析.辞书研究,2013(5):53-59.
18.罗思明,曹杰旺.词典批评类型与理论构建.山东外语教学,2006(5):60-63.
19.马启俊.词典批评和词典的客观性.辞书研究,2009(5):62-64.
20.梅俊杰.评《汉英词典》的立目、释义和配例.外语与外语教学(大连外国语学院学报),1999(2):42-44.
21.孟伟根.成语翻译也应懂点科技知识.中国翻译,1993(1):54-55.
22.孟伟根.我国各民族名称的英译问题.辞书研究,2006(4):57-63.
23.秦晓惠.十载耕耘,光辉绽放---《汉英词典》第三版评析.辞书研究,2011(6):125-133.
24.王逢鑫.汉英词典的上乘精品---介绍《新时代汉英大词典》.外语教学与研究,2002(2):146-148.
25.王仁强.《汉英词典》(第三版)词类标注研究.中国外语,2012(4):98-102.
26.王仁强,章宜华.汉英词典词类标注对译义准确性的影响调查.现代外语,2006(2):139-146.
27.王宗炎.评《汉英词典》修订版.外语教学与研究,1996(2):49-53.
28.魏向清.关于构建双语词典批评理论体系的思考.外语与外语教学,2001(1):59-61.
29.魏向清.研究范式的转变与现代双语词典批评的新思维.外语与外语教学,2005(4):53-56.
30.魏向清.一部颇具创新特色的实用汉英翻译工具书---评《史氏汉英翻译大词典》.辞书研究,2007(4):93-102.
31.魏向清.基于汉语词汇认知内隐性研究的外向型汉英学习词典微观设计.外语与外语教学,2008(9):51-54.
32.巫和雄.谈“炒作”的英译.辞书研究,2010(5):186-189.
33.吴建平.内向型汉英词典的字母词收录、释义、排序问题---兼评《新时代汉英大词典》和《新世纪汉英大词典》.辞书研究,2011(5):44-56.
34.吴景荣.On Chinese-English Dictionaries.外国语(上海外国语学院学报),1991(4):64-74.
35.吴景荣.评1979年版《汉英词典》.外语教学与研究,1992(3):57-59.
36.吴文子.从四方面比较三部汉英词典的译文.山东外语教学,2006(1):105-108.
37.伍铁平.从“俄”字头条目的释义看《语言大典》.辞书研究,1993(5):89-92.
38.武继红.辞书理论研究初探.南京理工大学学报,1999(2):44-46.
39.武继红.论学习词典批评中的读者意识.广东外语外贸大学学报,2004(4):41-46.
40.徐海.汉英词典“过时”词例的修订.辞书研究,2005(1):88-93.
41.徐祖友.辞书评论漫议.辞书研究,2003(1):10-20,37.
42.姚小平.论汉英词典的语法信息---六部汉英词典的比较.外语教学与研究,2002(2):141-145.
43.章宜华,黄建华.关于双语词典评奖的几点思考.辞书研究,2000(4):65-72.
44.章宜华,雍和明.当代词典学.北京:商务印书馆,2007.
45.赵刚.谈谈《新世纪汉英大词典》在例证方面的创新.外语教学,2004a(4):94-96.
46.赵刚.立足实用,努力创新---编纂《新世纪汉英大词典》点滴谈.辞书研究,2004b(6):117-125.
47.赵刚.就《新世纪汉英大词典》的评论与赫迎红先生商榷.辞书研究,2010(1):128-136.
48.曾东京.双语语文词典批评研究.上海:上海大学出版社,2009.
49.曾泰元.语料库与汉英词典编纂.辞书研究,2005(1):79-87.
50.邹酆.辞书学丛稿.武汉:崇文书局,2004.
51.Battenburg J.English Monolingual Learners’Dictionaries:A User-Oriented Study.∥Lexicographica Series Maior 39.Tubingen:Max Niemeyer,1991.
52.Bogaards P.Dictionaries for Learners of English.International Journal of Lexicography,1996(4):277-320.
53.Bo Svensén.A Handbook of Lexicography.New York:Cambridge University Press,2009.
54.Chan A C,Loong Y.Establishing Criteria for Evaluating a Learner’s Dictionary.∥Berry R,Asker B,Hyland K.et al.(eds.)Language Analysis,Description and Pedagogy.Hong Kong:The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,1999:298-307.
55.Chan A Y W,Taylor A.Evaluating Learner Dictionaries:What the Reviews Say.International Journal of Lexicography,2001(3):163-180.
56.De Schryver G-M.Concurrent Over-and Under-treatment in Dictionaries:The Woordeboek of Afrikaanse Taal as a Case in Point.International Journal of Lexicography,2005(1):47-75.
57.Dretzke B.Moderneenglisch-englischeL ernerwrterbücher:Beurteilungskriterien.Fremd-sprachenunterricht,1997(3):218-223.
58.Hartmann R R K.(ed.)Lexicography:Principles and Practice.London and New York:Academic Press,1983.
59.Hartmann R R K.Teaching and Researching Lexicography.London:Person Education Limited,2001.
60.Hyland K.Disciplinary Discourses:Social Interactions in Academic Writing.Harlow:Pearson Education,2000.
61.Jackson H.Lexicography:An Introduction.London/New York:Routledge,2002.
62.Nakamoto K.Establishing Criteria for Dictionary Criticism:A Checklist for Reviewers of Monolingual English Learner’s Dictionaries.M.A.Thesis.Exeter:University of Exeter,1994.
63.Nielsen S.Reviewing Printed and Electronic Dictionaries:A Theoretical and Practical Framework.∥Nielsen S,Sven T.Lexicography in the 21th Century.Amsterdam&Philadelphia:John Benjamins B.V,2009:23-41.
64.Renkema J.Over Smaakvaltgoedtetwisten.Taalbeheersing,1996(4):324-338.
65.Steiner R.Guidelines for Reviewers of Bilingual Dictionaries.Dictionaries 6,1984:166-181.
66.Swanepoel P.Towards a Framework for the Description and Evaluation of Dictionary Evaluation Criteria.Lexikos 2008(18):207-231.
67.Tomaszczyk J.The Bilingual Dictionary under Review.∥Snell-Hornby M.(ed.).Züri LEX'86Proceedings.Tübingen:Francke Verlag,1986:289-297.
68.Zhao Gang,Pan Shaozhong.(ed.)New Age Chinese-English Dictionary(2nd edition).International Journal of Lexicography,2014(4):435-451.
69.Zhao Gang.The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary.International Journal of Lexicography,2015(1):107-123.