江苏东海方言“子”尾及其显赫性
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摘要
江苏东海方言中的"子"尾词十分丰富,形成东海方言词汇的一大特色。东海方言"子"尾的语法功能包括成词、转类和衍音三类,主要构成名词或量词,或成为名词或量词的构形语素。"子"尾的语义和语用功能有变义功能(改变词义)和增义功能(含指小、表轻蔑、表喜爱),并且"子"尾高度语法化,具有极强的能产性、类推性和较高的强制性,因而成为东海方言中名词、量词构词和构形的显赫形态手段。
There exist rich words with suffix of "zi" in Donghai dialect,forming a major characteristic of the vocabulary of Donghai dialect.The grammatical functions of the suffix "zi" include three categories:word formation,word-class change and extended voice.It mainly constitutes nouns and quantifiers,or becomes a morpheme of a noun or quantifier.The semantic or pragmatic functions of "zi" include meaning change and meaning increase.The meaning increase function refers to the expressing function which includes diminutive,pejorative and affectionate.The suffix "zi" highly grammaticalized.It possesses strong productivity,analogy and high compulsoriness.Hence,it becomes the mighty category of configuration of nouns and quantifiers in Donghai dialect.
There exist rich words with suffix of "zi" in Donghai dialect,forming a major characteristic of the vocabulary of Donghai dialect.The grammatical functions of the suffix "zi" include three categories:word formation,word-class change and extended voice.It mainly constitutes nouns and quantifiers,or becomes a morpheme of a noun or quantifier.The semantic or pragmatic functions of "zi" include meaning change and meaning increase.The meaning increase function refers to the expressing function which includes diminutive,pejorative and affectionate.The suffix "zi" highly grammaticalized.It possesses strong productivity,analogy and high compulsoriness.Hence,it becomes the mighty category of configuration of nouns and quantifiers in Donghai dialect.
引文
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[15]郭中.论汉语小称范畴的显赫性及其类型学意义[J].中国语文,2018(2).
[2]苏晓青.东海方言研究[M].新疆大学出版社,1997.
[3]王力.汉语史稿[M].中华书局,1980.
[4]郝红艳.类型学视角下的方言“子”尾研究[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,42(2).
[5]芦兰花.天水方言的“子”尾词[J].天水师范学院学报,2017,37(6).
[6]王鑫.南康方言“形容词+子”的特殊用法[J].汉字文化,2017(20).
[7]侯超.汉语词缀的功能与皖北方言的“子”尾[J].南京师范大学文学院学报,2012(3).
[8]Beard R.1988.On the Separation of Derivation from Morphology:Toward a Lexeme/Morpheme Based Morphology[J].Quaderni di semantica,9).
[9]Beard,R.1995.Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology[M].State University of New York Press.
[10]戴维·克里斯特尔.现代语言学词典(第四版)[M].沈家煊,译.商务印书馆,2011.
[11]刘丹青.方言语法调查研究的两大任务:语法库藏与显赫范畴[J].方言,2013(3).
[12]项梦冰.连城客家话语法研究[M].语文出版社,1997.
[13]董秀芳.汉语词缀的性质与汉语词法特点[J].汉语学习,2005(6).
[14]刘丹青.语言库藏类型学构想[J].当代语言学,2011,13(4).
[15]郭中.论汉语小称范畴的显赫性及其类型学意义[J].中国语文,2018(2).