新沃尔夫假说:缘起、理据与研究态势
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摘要
语言相对论的研究已经从"萨丕尔-沃尔夫"假说转向新沃尔夫假说这一新的理论时期。新沃尔夫假说缘起于"萨丕尔-沃尔夫"假说本身的研究局限性。新沃尔夫假说的研究理据旨在从符号学层面研究语言与思维之间的关联性,从语境层面研究语言使用在文化语境中对思维的影响力,以及在意识形态层面研究语言在社会互动活动过程中对意识形态的具体影响。新沃尔夫假说早期/近期两个研究时期的划分依据是田野调查/实证研究的研究方法之分、相关性/因果性的研究路径之分,以及受试意识干扰之后/意识觉醒之前的研究手段之分。跨领域的实证研究为新沃尔夫假说的发展指明了研究前景。
Studies on linguistic relativity have shifted from"Sapir-Whorf"Hypothesis to New Whorfian Hypothesis period.New Whorfian Hypothesis originates from the research limitations of"Sapir-Whorf"Hypothesis.The motivation of New Whorfian Hypothesis aims to analyze the language-thinking relation from the semiotic perspective,the influence of language use on thinking from the cultural-context perspective,and the influence of language on ideology during the social interaction.The early period/recent period division is attributed to the division of research methods regarding field investigation/empirical research,the division of research paths regarding correlation/causation,and the division of research measures regarding participants’post-attentive perception/pre-attentive perception.Interdisciplinary studies specify the research prospect for the linguistic relativity researches.
Studies on linguistic relativity have shifted from"Sapir-Whorf"Hypothesis to New Whorfian Hypothesis period.New Whorfian Hypothesis originates from the research limitations of"Sapir-Whorf"Hypothesis.The motivation of New Whorfian Hypothesis aims to analyze the language-thinking relation from the semiotic perspective,the influence of language use on thinking from the cultural-context perspective,and the influence of language on ideology during the social interaction.The early period/recent period division is attributed to the division of research methods regarding field investigation/empirical research,the division of research paths regarding correlation/causation,and the division of research measures regarding participants’post-attentive perception/pre-attentive perception.Interdisciplinary studies specify the research prospect for the linguistic relativity researches.
引文
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Pinker,S.1994.The Language Instinct[M].New York:Morrow.
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蔡永良.2004.重温“语言相对论”[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)(6):73-76.
陈运香.2007.萨丕尔-沃尔夫语言相对论对语言文化对比研究的启示[J].西安外国语大学学报(1):28-31.
郭爱萍,郑冰梅.2007.沃尔夫“语言相对论”内涵之辨析[J].山东外语教学(1):81-85.
卢植.2006.语言相对论对当代认知语言学的影响[J].外语学刊(3):32-37.
庞双子.2015.“假说”和“原则”---沃尔夫语言相对论原则内涵解读[J].外语学刊(1):23-29.
施春宏.2015.语言学假说的论证和语言学批评[J].语言研究集刊(15):75-94.
石毓智.2010.汉语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆.
张会平,刘永兵.2014.语言相对论之百年传承[J].外语研究(2):23-28.
Boroditsky,L.,et al.2011.Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently?[J].Cognition(1):123-129.
Brown,R.&E.Lenneberg.1954.A study in language and cognition[J].Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology(3):454-462.
Chandler,D.1994.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis[OL].[2012-01-14].http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/documents/short/whorf.html.
Chomsky,N.1963.Formal properties of grammars[C]//R.D.Luce,R.R.Bush&E.Galanter(eds.).Handbook of Mathematical Psychology.New York:John Wiley and Sons Inco.323-418.
Chomsky,N.2007.Biolinguistic explorations:Design,development,evolution[J].International Journal of Philosophical Studies15:1-21.
Davies,I.R.1998.A study of color grouping in three languages:A test of the linguistic relativity hypothesis[J].British Journal of Psychology(3):45-53.
Deutscher,G.2010.Through the Language Glass:Why the World Looks Different in Different Languages[M].New York:Metropolitan Books.
Ernest.,D.2015.Does the world look different in different languages?[J].Artificial Intelligence(3):202-209.
Evans,V.2014.The Language Myth:Why Language is Not an Instinct[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Flecken,M.,et al.2015.Driving along the road or heading for the village?Conceptual differences underlying motion event encoding in French,German,and French-German L2 users[J].The Modern Language Journal 99:100-122.
Gomila,A.2015.Language and thought:The Neo-Whorfian hypothesis[C]//K.Tracy,C.Ilie&T.Sandel(eds.).International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.New York:Wiley-Blackwell.8310-8315.
Gordon,P.2004.Numerical cognition without words:Evidence from Amazonia[J].Science 306:496-499.
Hunt,E.2001.Language and thought:The modern Whorfian hypothesis[C]//K.Tracy,C.Ilie&T.Sandel(eds.).International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.New York:Wiley-Blackwell.8320-8325.
Kay,P.&W.Kempton.1984.What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?[J].American Anthropologist 86:65-79.
Levinson,S.C.2000.Yell Dnye and the theory of basic color terms[J].Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 10:3-55.
Levinson,S.C.2003.Space in Language and Cognition:Explorations in Cognitive Diversity[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Lucy,J.A.1992.Language Diversity and Thought:A Reformulation of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Lucy,J.A.1997.Linguistic relativity[J].Annual Review of Anthropology 26:291-312.
Lucy,J.A.2001.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis[C]//K.Tracy,C.Ilie&T.Sandel(eds.).International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.New York:Wiley-Blackwell.13486-13490.
Nú1ez,R.&E.Sweetser.2006.With the future behind them:Convergent evidence from Aymara language and gesture in the cross-linguistic comparison of spatial construal of time[J].Cognitive Science 30:133-146.
O'Neill,S.2008.Cultural Contact and Linguistic Relativity among the Indians of Northwestern California[M].Norman,Oklahoma:University of Oklahoma Press.
O'Neill,S.2015.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis[C]//K.Tracy,C.Ilie&T.Sandel(eds.).The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction.New York:Wiley-Blackwell.1-10.
Pica,P.,et al.2004.Exact and approximate arithmetic in an Amazonian indigenous group[J].Science 306:499-503.
Pinker,S.1994.The Language Instinct[M].New York:Morrow.
Pinker,S.2007.The Stuff of Thought[M].New York:Viking Press.
Sapir,E.1921.Language:An Introduction to the Study of Speech[M].New York:Harcourt.
Silverstein,M.1985.Language and the culture of gender:At the intersection of structure,usage,and ideology[C]//E.Mertz&R.Parmentier(eds.).Semiotic Meditation.New York:Academic Press.220-259.
Thierry,G.P.,et al.2009.Unconscious effects of language-specific terminology on preattentive color perception[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Science(11):4567-4570.
Whorf,B.L.1940.Science and linguistics[J].Technology Review(6):227-248.
Wolf,P.&K.J.Holmes.2011.Linguistic relativity[J].WIRE's Cognitive Science(2):253-265.
蔡永良.2004.重温“语言相对论”[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)(6):73-76.
陈运香.2007.萨丕尔-沃尔夫语言相对论对语言文化对比研究的启示[J].西安外国语大学学报(1):28-31.
郭爱萍,郑冰梅.2007.沃尔夫“语言相对论”内涵之辨析[J].山东外语教学(1):81-85.
卢植.2006.语言相对论对当代认知语言学的影响[J].外语学刊(3):32-37.
庞双子.2015.“假说”和“原则”---沃尔夫语言相对论原则内涵解读[J].外语学刊(1):23-29.
施春宏.2015.语言学假说的论证和语言学批评[J].语言研究集刊(15):75-94.
石毓智.2010.汉语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆.
张会平,刘永兵.2014.语言相对论之百年传承[J].外语研究(2):23-28.